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1、2021湖北在职攻读硕士联考考试考前冲刺卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, (31) do they construct or bui
2、ld any part of the body. They are needed for (32) foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if (33) is missing a deficiency disease becomes (34) . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements - usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and (35) nitrog
3、en. They are different (36) their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin (37) one or more specific functions in the body. (38) enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for (39) vitamins. Many people, (40) , believe in being on the safe side and thus
4、 take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.AeitherBsoCnorDnever 2.Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the
5、 meteoroids (流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and dont threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 40 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to loca
6、te most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, well have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldnt be cheap. Is it worth it Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How
7、likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 400,000 years. Sounds pretty rare-but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. If we dont take care of these big asteroids, t
8、heyll take care of us, says one scientist. Its that simple. The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them, said a New York T
9、imes article.What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroidsAThey are heavenly bodies different in composition.BThey are heavenly bodies similar in nature.CThere are more asteroids than meteoroids.DAsteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids. 3.As people continue to grow and age, our body
10、 systems continue to change. At a certain point in your life your body systems will begin to weaken. Your joints may become stiff. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In
11、 order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this process that leads us toward the end of our lives. Many factors contribute to your health. A well-balanced diet plays an important role. The amount and type of exercise you get is another factor. Your living environment and the amount
12、of stress you are under is yet another. But scientists studying senescence (衰老) want to know: Why do people grow old They hope that by examining the aging process on a cellular level medical science may be able to extend the length of life.When people become aging, they will lose some of their abili
13、ty to bounce back from disease and injury, bounce back here means _.Ato improve in health after ones disease and injuryBto recover from disease and injuryCto jump after recoveringDto run fast 4.A good modem newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains:
14、the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特定) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remar
15、kable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many diff
16、erent readers, but far more than any one reader is interesied in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much o
17、f what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own news paper. For all these reasons, reading news
18、papers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its _.Awide coverageBuniform styl
19、eCspeed in repotting newsDpopularity 5.In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity The evidence shows that wh
20、ile variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important. There is no d
21、oubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus, although freedom of choice may be important, usually very little can be done to create it. Another important considera
22、tion is how much a worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of
23、 the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the workers contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps the
24、y want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we make their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money nor shorter working hours.According to t
25、he passage, freedom can not be easily given since _.Ait is in not what workers care aboutBit has nothing to do with increasing productivityCfreedom will do harm to the managementDmachines in modem factories must be organized in a fixed way 6.As people continue to grow and age, our body systems conti
26、nue to change. At a certain point in your life your body systems will begin to weaken. Your joints may become stiff. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live
27、 longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this process that leads us toward the end of our lives. Many factors contribute to your health. A well-balanced diet plays an important role. The amount and type of exercise you get is another factor. Your living environment and the amount of stress you
28、are under is yet another. But scientists studying senescence (衰老) want to know: Why do people grow old They hope that by examining the aging process on a cellular level medical science may be able to extend the length of life.In order to live longer, _.Awe have to try to be on a dietBwe should keep
29、in high spiritsCwe should try to do more exerciseDwe should postpone the process of aging 7.Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, (31) do they construct or build any p
30、art of the body. They are needed for (32) foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if (33) is missing a deficiency disease becomes (34) . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements - usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and (35) nitrogen. They
31、 are different (36) their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin (37) one or more specific functions in the body. (38) enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for (39) vitamins. Many people, (40) , believe in being on the safe side and thus take ex
32、tra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.AshiftingBtransfeningCalteringDtransforming 8.Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger
33、versions of the meteoroids (流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and dont threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 40 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 2
34、5 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, well have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldnt be cheap. Is it worth it Two things experts consider when judging any ri
35、sk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 400,000 years. Sounds pretty rare-but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. If we dont take care of these b
36、ig asteroids, theyll take care of us, says one scientist. Its that simple. The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them, sa
37、id a New York Times article.What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with EarthAIt is very unlikely but the danger exists.BSuch a collision might occur once every 25 years.CCollisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.DIts still too early to say whether
38、such a collision might occur. 9.A good modem newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特定) as
39、well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading ano
40、ther article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interesied in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation t
41、o what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to
42、 put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own news paper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self awareness as you
43、modify and apply the techniques of reading.According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the same newspaper is that _.Apeople scan for the news they are interested inBdifferent people prefer different newspapersCpeople are rarely interested in the same kind of newsDpeople have d
44、ifferent views about what a good newspaper is 10.A good modem newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special
45、features (特定) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one p
46、iece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interesied in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its imm
47、ediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each
48、person does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own news paper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.It can be conclude from the passage that newspaper readers _.Aapply reading techniques skillfullyBjump from one newspaper to anotherCappreciate the variety of