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1、语法专题语法专题情态动词情态动词 对情态动词的考查在湖北高考中主要出现在完成句子部分。1.主要考查的知识点：(1)情态动词的基本用法(2)情态动词完成式的用法(3)情态动词的一些特定用法重点：重点：(1)情态动词的意义以及不同的情态动词的用法区别(2)must, can, should等常见情态动词的用法(3)must/ can/ should/ mighthave done的用法及区别(4)含情态动词的疑问句的回答熟熟 读读 深深 思思 情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，必须与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的
2、变化，有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to等。 Can, Could的用法规则规则1：表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力能力 eg：He could read books in English when he was only five.规则规则2：表示客观的可能性可能性eg:Man can not live without air.规则规则3：表示请求建议请求建议，用could 比 can语气更
3、委婉，回答用原形，eg： Could you wait a few days for the money?规则规则4：表示允许、许可允许、许可，用could 比 can更委婉客气，eg： Could/Can I borrow your reference books?规则规则5：表示推测：表示推测 “可能可能 ”，常用于否定、疑问句中。，常用于否定、疑问句中。eg:Can he be at home? He cant be there,because he is with me now. Can/Could/Be able to的特殊用法(1)在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异或不相信
4、的态度，如：Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean?(2) 表示“经过努力后终于能”，用be able to(可用各种时态，而can只有现在时和过去时)，如：They were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters.(3) 惯用形式“can not (cant) too/over/enough” 表示“无论怎么也不(过分)”，用来加强语气，如： You can not be too careful. (4) cannot but do sth. 不得不；只好，如：I c
5、ouldnt do anything but choose to wait. May, Might的用法(1)表示允许、请求。Might I ？ 比 May I ？ 语气更为婉转和有礼貌：如： May I ask you a question? 对于Might I ？ 的回答用 may；对May I ？ 的否定回答常用 mustnt / cant。(2)表示说话人的猜测，表示“或许，大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might 比 may语气更加不肯定.如：Now that they were all here, she might speak her mind. He may not be t
6、here now. May/Might的特殊用法的特殊用法(1)用于目的状语从句中，含“能，能够”之意，eg：Study hard in order that you may work better in the future.(2) 惯用形式 “may (might) as well 动词原形”意为“不妨做”。Eg: You may as well wait for her for a few minutes.(3) 表示祝愿(不用might)。采用部分倒装语序：may主语动词原！ eg： May you have a good trip! Must，Have to的用法的用法规则规则1：m
7、ust 表示“必须”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式；其否定式是must not (mustnt)，表示“禁止”“不准”， eg:You mustnt speak like that to your mother. 此时，对用must提问的一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt或dont have to。规则规则2: must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中，如： She must_have_seen(肯定看过) the film ,hasnt she? She must have seen the film last night, didnt she?规则规则3: have to
8、表示“必须，不得不”，强调客观要求，能用于更多时态，如：The students today will have to know how to use computers. 【扩展】 must 还表示主语主观的坚持，有“偏偏，偏要，一定要”之意，如：If you must know my age, I tell you that Im twice my sons age. 情态动词情态动词Can/May/Must表表“推测推测” 用法小结用法小结情态动词情态动词 含义含义 适用句型适用句型 May/might 可能，或许可能，或许 肯定句肯定句 /否定句否定句Must 一定，必须一定，必须 肯
9、定句肯定句 Can/could 可能，或许可能，或许 否定句，疑问句否定句，疑问句 不同的不同的“肯定肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：程度可按下列层次排列： He is at home. (事实事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）（非常肯定的推断） He could be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许（或许, 非常不确定）非常不确定） He might not be at hom
10、e.（也许不在家）（也许不在家）He may not be at home. （比（比might可能）可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家）（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事实）（事实） Will/Would的用法归纳的用法归纳规则规则1：用于各种人称，表示意志或决心。will指现在，would则指过去。Eg. I will do my best to help you.规则规则2：用于第二人第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问和请求，would 比 will更委婉。其回答用wil
11、l，如 Would you teach us how to drive a car? Will you please give him a message when you see him? Go and get some water, will you?规则规则3：表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性、意愿，意为“总是”，“惯于”。 will指现在，would是指过去，如：He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.(经常性) Oil will float on water.(倾向性) I shall be glad if you
12、will help you.(意愿)规则规则4：表示功能，译作“能”或“可以”，wont表示失去某种功能或属性，如： The machine wont work.（不好用）比较：The machine doesnt work。（已坏）规则规则5：（只要求了解）：（只要求了解）表示说话人的推测，意为“大概，也许”， will语气较强；would 的语气比较弱，如：That will be the man you want to see. Perhaps she would be willing to meet us.would 与与used to 的区别：的区别：used to 强调今昔对比，过
13、去的某种习惯，现在已经没有了；would 表示过去一段时间里有某种习惯，现在可能还有。试比较： We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (过去会这样，现在可能还这样) We used to sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (过去会这样，但现在不这样了)表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不能用would，如：I used to go school late. Shall/Should的用法归纳的用法归纳规则规则1：shall用于
14、第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见，eg：Shall I turn off the light? 用于第二、第三人称中，表示说话人的决心、意志、许诺、命令、警告、威胁等，eg：You shall not leave your post. shall与第一人称I/We连用表示将来。eg: I shall go to Wuhan tomorrow.规则规则2：should /ought to意为“应该”，表义务，责任，也可表示劝告，建议， eg： You should keep your promise.规则规则3：should表示按常规、常理推测，意为“可能”或“应该”， eg：
15、They should arrive by one oclock.Should/ought to的特殊用法归纳的特殊用法归纳规则规则4：提出意见、请求、建议时，可用should表示委婉，谦逊的语气，意为“可”，“倒是”，如： I should think you are mistaken.规则规则5：should还可表示说话人对某事的不解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会，居然”，常用在I never imagine, I cant believe, Its a pity (surprise), why/Howshould等结构中，如：Why should you be so late? I
16、never imagine you should say such words.规则规则6：ought to表示责任和义务意为“应该”，语气比 should强， 可互换.Need/dare/have to归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则1：need作情态动词表示“需要”“必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替。 例) Need I go there right now? Yes, you must该例中need是情态动词，对于 Need ？ 的 肯定回答用 must。规则规则2：need用作行为动词，其变化与行为动词相同。 You ne
17、ed to have a rest.(肯定句) You dont need to have a rest.(否定句) Do you need to have a rest? （疑问句） Yes, I do ./No, I dont.若主语为动作承受者时，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式若主语为动作承受者时，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式，的被动形式，如：The house needs repairing.The house needs to be repaired.规则规则3：dare的用法(1)dare作情态动词表示“敢于”，可用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，如
18、： No one dared speak of it；用作行为动词，其变化与一般动词相同，在疑问句中时，dare后的“to动词原形”可以省略to，如：Do you dare (to) jump into the ocean?(2) 惯用短语“I dare say”意为“我想，大概”。 “I dare to say” 意为 “我敢说” 情态动词的其他用法情态动词的其他用法 can / must / may /should /need+have done 表示过去已经发生的动作 归纳总结归纳总结规则规则1：must have done 表示对过去所发生的事情的肯定，意为“一定做过某事” eg:3)
19、You must have seen the film.规则规则2：cant / cannot have done 表示过去所发生行为的不可能性，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。Eg；He couldnt have gone to Wuhan yesterday because I saw him today.could have done 表示过去本可能发生而实际上未发生的事情，意为“本可以”。Eg:5)I can/could have helped yesterday, but I was very busy.规则规则3：may/might have done 表示过去也许/或许已经(但实际上把
20、握性不大) .Eg；He may/might have finished the work, but I was not sure.规则规则4：should / ought to have done 表示“本该做而实际上未做的事情”，其否定式意为“本不该做的事情，结果已经做了”，它们含有责备之意，Eg: You should have been here five minutes ago规则规则5：neednt have done表示“本来不必做而实际上做了的事情”.Eg: You neednt have come over yourself. 【注意】(1)当must作“必须”意义时，其反意
21、部分用neednt； 当含有mustnt时，其反意部分用must/may.(2)当情态动词表推测时，反意部分助动词的使用要根据情态动词后面所隐含的时间来确定.Eg:You must have heard about it, havent you? You must have watched that football match last night, didnt you?1.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may2.I
22、t has been announced that candidates(候选人候选人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B.will C. may D. shall3.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. -It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be4.
23、Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would5. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, . A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt6. There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. oug
24、ht to7. Two year ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. dont have to8.You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not9.
25、Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt10. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont11. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you need
26、nt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont12. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not13. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to14.I thought you _like som
27、ething to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 15. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost16. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been17. They will _ run
28、this machine on their own in three months. A. can B. could C. may D. be able to18.That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to19. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should20. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. canKey:1-5 ADCCC 6-10ADCBB 11-15AADBD 16-20BDACA