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1、2021河南考研英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?A：A Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。B：B Black English can be more expressive than standard English。C：C No
2、n-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。D：D Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。2.The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authorsA：A interest in their language.B：B appreciation of their efforts。C：C admiration for their
3、memory.D：Dcontempt for their old-fashionedness。3.According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” asA：A “temporary” is to “permanent”。B：B “radical ”is to “conservative”。C：C “functional ” is to “artistic”。D：D “humble” is to “noble”。E：2. The word“talking”(Line 6, Paragraph3) denotes “talk
4、ing”(第三段第六行)一词表示A modesty. 谦虚。 B personality. 个性。 C liveliness. 活泼。 D informality. 非正式。 D 语义题。 考生必须利用上下文推测单词意思，在原文中首先找到这句话，然后仔细研读，最后才能够体会出这个单词的意思。第三段首先提到“做我们自己的事情”的结果是规范的演讲、作品、诗歌和音乐的死亡。然后提到在20世纪60年代以前那些受过一般教育的人在写作时都用比较高雅的语气，最后又说那些被认为是最重要的作品都试图表现出口语的特色，“talking”战胜了演讲，即兴战胜了技巧。而口语化的特点就是非正式。4.Of all the
5、 components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;
6、 by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line。” And one l
7、eading authority says that, these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “Its your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center. “If you dont like it, change it。”A：
8、Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emo
9、tional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day”， says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement。B：The link between dreams and emot
10、ions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with dail
11、y life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days eventsuntil, it appea5.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to showA：A its function in our dreams。B：B the mechanism of REM sleep。C：C the relation of dreams to emotions。D：D its difference from the prefrontal cor
12、tex。6.The negative feelings generated during the day tend toA：A aggravate in our unconscious mind。B：B develop into happy dreams。C：C persist till the time we fall asleep。D：D show up in dreams early at night。7.Cartwright seems to suggest thatA：A waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dre
13、ams。B：B visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。C：C dreams should be left to their natural progression。D：D dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。8.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?A：A Lead your life as usual。B：B Seek professional help
14、。C：C Exercise conscious control。D：D Avoid anxiety in the daytime。E：7. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show作者提及边缘系统是为了说明A its function in our dreams. 它在我们梦中的功能。B the mechanism of REM sleep. 快速眼睛运动睡眠的机制。C the relation of dreams to emotions. 梦和情绪的关系。D its difference from the pr
15、efrontal cortex. 它和前额皮层的区别。 C 推断题。 在第二段第三句中可以找到边缘系统及其含义，然后根据上下文谈论的内容，如上文的“情感大脑”和下文的专家的话，从而判断出答案是选项C。其他的三项，文中提到“边缘系统属于情感大脑”，但是并没有说它在梦中的功能，所以选项A不正确。文中对快速眼睛运动睡眠只不过给了个简单的词汇解释，并没有对其机制进行任何的讲解，故选项B扩大了范围。文中提到“前额皮层”，说它是智力和推理中心，但是没有讲解它和边缘系统的关系，所以选项D也属于典型的无中生有型干扰项。9.Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only
16、one industryWilliam Shakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the t
17、ourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights。A：The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals
18、 and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise -making。B：The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by busand often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim P
19、alace on the sidedont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the towns revenue because they spend the nig
20、ht (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall。C：The townsfolk dont see it this way and local council does not co10.It can be inferred from Para 3 thatA：A the sightseers cannot visit the Castl
21、e and the Palace separately。B：B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers。C：C the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。D：D the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。11.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy becauseA：A ticket prices can be raised
22、 to cover the spending。B：B the company is financially ill-managed。C：C the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable。D：D the theatre attendance is on the rise。12.From the text we can conclude that the authorA：A is supportive of both sides。B：B favors the townsfolks view。C：C takes a detached at
23、titude。D：D is sympathetic to the RSC。E：2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that 从第三段中可以推断出A the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately。观光客不能分别参观城堡或者宫殿。B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers。来看戏的人花的钱比观光者花费多。C the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。观光者
24、的购物比来看戏的人多。D the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。来看戏的人除了剧院哪里也不去。 B 推断题。 本段关键词“第三段”。B试图比较谁花的钱多，可以定位到第三段第二和第三句，文中提及观光客通常不看戏。而来看戏的人通常的确会进行一些观光。而且后一句说“剧院认为，他们为镇上带来了最多的税收，因为来看戏的人会花很多的钱在酒店和饭店。”这样一来不难判断，B是正确的。A中提到城堡、宫殿，可以定位到第三段第二句，“乘车来的观光客经常会顺道去参观沃维城堡和布伦亨宫。他们通常不看戏，有人甚至会惊讶地发现在斯特拉13.
25、According to the author, the department stores of the 19th centuryA：A played a role in the spread of popular culture。B：B became intimate shops for common consumers。C：C satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite。D：D owed its emergence to the culture of consumption。14.The text suggests that immigran
26、ts now in the U.S。A：A are resistant to homogenization。B：B exert a great influence on American culture。C：C are hardly a threat to the common culture。D：D constitute the majority of the population。15.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A：A To prove their popularity a
27、round the world。B：B To reveal the publics fear of immigrants。C：C To give examples of successful immigrants。D：D To show the powerful influence of American culture。16.In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society isA：A rewarding.B：B successful.C：C. fruitless.D：D. harmful。E
28、：7. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th-century 在作者看来，19世纪的商场A played a role in the spread of popular culture. 在传播流行文化方面发挥了作用。B became intimate shops for common consumers. 成为了和普通消费者关系亲密的商店。C satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. 满足了知识精英的需要。D owed its emergence to the c
29、ulture of consumption. 其出现归功于消费文化。 A 事实细节题。 题干关键词“department stores”出现在第一段第三句，该句子的意思是“人们沉迷于一种始于19世纪的商场的消费文化”。随后进一步解释说“商场和那些精品店不一样，是人人都可以去的，购物变成了一种民主和公众的活动”。也就是说，商场对于流行文化的传播起到了推动的作用，故A为本题的正确答案。B的错误在于它故意将那些迎合精英人士的精品店与其顾客的那种亲密的关系用在商场与普通消费者的关系上。C的错误在于商场满足的是普通大众的需要，而不是那些知识精英的需要。至于D，它故意颠倒了因果关系，商场的出现推动了流行文
30、17.Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad。A：This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But
31、somewhere from the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil。B：You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But i
32、ts not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today。C：After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? A
33、dvertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology。D：People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived18.The word “bummer”
34、(Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means somethingA：A religious.B：B unpleasant.C：C entertaining.D：D commercial。19.In the authors opinion, advertisingA：A emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art。B：B is a cause of disappointment for the general public。C：C replaces the church as a major source of inf
35、ormation。D：D creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself。20.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believesA：A.happiness more often than not ends in sadness。B：B the anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing。C：C misery should be enjoyed rather than denied。D：D the ant
36、i-happy art flourishes when economy booms。21.When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now som
37、ething similar could be happening in the oceans.A：That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their metho
38、ds do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat oth
39、er animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。B：Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels c
40、an find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so th22.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper thatA：A the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%。B：B there
41、are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago。C：C the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount。D：D the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old。23.By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)， Dr. Worm means t
42、hatA：A fishing technology has improved rapidly。B：B the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded。C：C the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss。D：D the data collected so far are out of date。.24.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold thatA：A people should look for a baseline that can work for
43、a longer time。B：B fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass。C：C the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level。D：D people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation。25.Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social
44、 harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, a
45、nd young people dont know where they should go next。A：The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social la
46、dder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did th
47、eir counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed。B：While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression。“Those things that do not show up in the test scorespersonality, ability,
48、 courage or humanityare completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Partys education committee。“Frustration against thi26.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?A：AWomens participation in social activities is limited。B：BMore workers are dissatisfied with their jo