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1、2022山东同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.At the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) , a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him in. At the Univers
2、ity of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cell phone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. If theyd spend as much time studying, theyd all be A students, says Ron Yasbin, dean of the Colle
3、ge of Sciences of UNLV. With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of eat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-he cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops(笔记本电脑), demanding the
4、 surrender of cell phones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper. It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad, said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremont said technology
5、 has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other peoples writings off the Internet without attributing them. Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product Of the mindset, not the tools at hand. S
6、ome people put too much emphasis on where theyre going to go in the future, and all theyre thinking about is graduate school and the next step, said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they sho
7、uldnt do. Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in the first place.W
8、hich of the following is probably the most significant measure to fight cheatingA. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus
9、honor codes.2.There are over 6 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. S
10、ome games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era. But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language, says David Walsh
11、, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen. One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said These ar
12、e not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics
13、and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts. In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: Your victims not only squish under your
14、tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. Is all this simulated violence harmful Approximately 3 000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is
15、 a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players. Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But co
16、uld it be that violent games still play a contributing role It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertisingMany studies have suggested that _.A. more and mo
17、re young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. violence in computer games makes their players more aggressiveC. there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence3.Top marathon runners tend to be lean and light, sta
18、r swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shapeand the way your body worksfit you for a particular sport Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport Its about 55:45, gene
19、s to the environment, says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britains University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, They look quite different, despite being i
20、dentical twins. Someone whos 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall wont automatically push you to Olympic gold. Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychologi
21、cal conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain, said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britains Brunel University. Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Baths sports development department, in
22、southwest England, points to the importance of technique. In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital. Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a nation
23、al Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14- 16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive t
24、raining, she won gold in womens rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for performance genes. The word elite in paragraph 5 mean
25、s _.A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent4.The collapse of the Earths magnetic fieldwhich guards the planet and guides many of its creaturesappears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week. The fields strength
26、 has decreased by 10 or 15 per cent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planets lines of magnetic force. During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once
27、 completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said t
28、he effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions. Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month,
29、 the European Space Agency approved the worlds largest effort at tracking the fields shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predic
30、t the weather, said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. Im personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission. No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on
31、its way, it might take 2 000 years to mature. The last one took place 780 000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generato
32、r. In a cars generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity. No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make u
33、p the clouds of Jupiter.The author says . the public has no reason to panic (Paragraph 5) because _.A. the transition is still thousands of years awayB. the new transition will come 780 000 years from nowC. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsD. the process of the transition will
34、take a very long time to finish5.A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pol
35、lution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution sourceexhaust fumes (烟气).
36、Also dont walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the drivers side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstair
37、s on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron partic
38、les thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants. When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes c
39、an be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels
40、tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.While waiting to cross a busy street, you should _.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as f
41、ar as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to change6.At the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) , a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him i
42、n. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cell phone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. If theyd spend as much time studying, theyd all be A students, says Ron Yasbin,
43、dean of the College of Sciences of UNLV. With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of eat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-he cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops(笔记本电
44、脑), demanding the surrender of cell phones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper. It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad, said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremon
45、t said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other peoples writings off the Internet without attributing them. Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product Of the mindset, not the
46、 tools at hand. Some people put too much emphasis on where theyre going to go in the future, and all theyre thinking about is graduate school and the next step, said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed sometimes clouds everything and makes people do thi
47、ngs that they shouldnt do. Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in
48、the first place.The best title of the passage could be _.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against Dishonesty7.There are over 6 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered t
49、o be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era. But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvi