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1、2021浙江公共英语考试真题卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.B Text/B There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine has something to do with burning
2、 fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven, U (26) /U people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use U (27) /U what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course U (28) /U considers the computers impact U (29) /U society. But that is not U (30) /U is meant by comput
3、er literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be U (31) /U as a liberal art. U (32) /U how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A U (33) /U might be made U (34) /U the competent citizens of tomorrow should
4、U (35) /U themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different U (36) /U saying that all ought to know how to program one. U (37) /U that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, U (38) /U while our society needs some people who are exp
5、erts at it, the same is U (39) /U of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not U (40) /U difficult, and it gets U (41) /U all the time as programs become more user-friendly. Let us U (42) /U that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a
6、 U (43) /U citizen. What does the phrase learning to use a computer mean It sounds like learning to drive a car; that is, it sounds as if there is U (44) /U set of definite skills that, U (45) /U acquired, enable one to use a computer. AthatBwhatCwhoDwhom 2.BText 2/B Large animals living in the dese
7、rt have developed a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays. Desert animals also depart from other animals normal practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to
8、keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the loss of water and energy, large desert animals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in grants gazelles. The over-heated b
9、ody then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not
10、 begin until well into the day. Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30% of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12%-13% o
11、f their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to recover this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink massive volumes of water in a short time, and camels have been known to drink over 100 liters in a few minutes. A person who severely loses water, on the other hand,
12、cannot drink enough water for recovery at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid mixing of the body liquid with water causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to rem
13、ain near a water hole but can obtain food by searching quite a few distant places. Desert-adapted animals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely thirsty: it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.The word maintaining in line
14、3 of the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _. AreducingBpreservingCavoidingDmeasuring 3.BText 3/B Some surveys show that a lot of people believe that the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, wearing dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, a
15、nd even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of snow light. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow actually does not cause snow-blindness in troops in snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a wide snow-cove
16、red territory. His gaze, in consequence, continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something he can look at. Finding nothing to focus on, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching, and the eyeballs will become sore and eye muscles will ache. Nature reduc
17、es this uncomfortable feeling by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision becomes increasingly unclear. The result may be total, even though temporary, snow-blindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overc
18、oming this problem. A small group of soldiers will be sent ahead of a main body of troops. They are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even these soldiers themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead, on wh
19、ich they, too, can focus. The men following them can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and, having found something to see, stop searching the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on lone object at a time, the troops can cross the snow-covered wil
20、derness without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white territory is overcome.People will have sore eyeballs when crossing snow-covered territory because _. Athe eyeballs produce more and more liquidBthey find nothing to focus onCvision becomes uncle
21、arDtears cover the eyeballs 4.Why did the man wake up late this morningABecause he twisted his ankle the night before.BBecause the battery in his alarm clock had run out of electricity.CBecause his mother forgot to wake him up.DBecause he didnt hear the alarm clock. 5.IQuestions 22-25 are based on t
22、he following passage about prisoners and prisons in Britain./IWhat do we learn about prisoners in Britain from the passageAThey live a comfortable life in prisons.BMost of them get paid for their work.CThey have to cook their own meals.DThey are locked up most of the time. 6.BText 1/B An increase in
23、 free parks in Shanghai might be pleasant, but they bring with them their own problems. There are already 122 free parks for citizens to enjoy. But visitors are often hassled by beggars and fortune-tellers, and put off by the smell of urine left behind by someone using the grass as a toilet. Law and
24、 order in free parks are also worrying the citys park operators. They couldnt take any mandatory measures on those who do indecent things in parks except to try to persuade them to stop according to local regulations on park operations, which were laid out many years ago and many parts are not in li
25、ne with the need for maintenance of the increasing number of free parks. Patrols could be introduced to help park managers. On April 1,2005, Shanghai opened 23 new free parks, bringing the total number of such parks to 122. A lack of cash has also hindered park operations. The local government has a
26、llowed for subsidies to cover the cost of not charging for tickets, but attendance is often more than expected, adding to maintenance and security costs. Many parks manage to be self-supporting by running businesses such as convenient stores and cafeterias. Some also rent out areas to companies who
27、want to do outdoor promotions. But the bottom line is that parks should be comfortable places for visitors and should not be turned into outdoor markets. As well as not charging for tickets, parks are cutting back on staff, having a few staff members for daily operations. Most construction and maint
28、enance jobs are commissioned to enterprises through public bidding so as to evaluate costs in a transparent and economical way. So far, more than 12,000 citizens are working as volunteers to help with park operations in Shanghai. Shanghai has spent more than 3 per cent of its GDP on environmental pr
29、otection in recent years. Its heavy expenditure in landscaping also paid off as it won the National Garden City award last year. Shanghais goal is to increase its green area to 12 square metres per capita. It now has more than 17 million permanent residents.The phrase to pay off in paragraph eight c
30、an be replaced by _. Ato be worthwhileBto make profitCto pay upDto succeed 7.IQuestions 18-21 are based on the following dialogue between a doctor and his patient./IWhat made it difficult for the woman to follow the mans adviceAShe didnt want to lose her job.BShe had to do housework.CShe had to look
31、 after her children.DBoth B and C. 8.BText 2/B Large animals living in the desert have developed a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays. Desert animals also depart from other animals no
32、rmal practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the loss of water and energy, large desert animals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high
33、 as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in grants gazelles. The over-heated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of dayligh
34、t is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day. Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30% of its body weight as wat
35、er without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12%-13% of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to recover this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink massive volumes of water in a short time, and camels have been known to drink over 100
36、liters in a few minutes. A person who severely loses water, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water for recovery at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid mixing of the body liquid with water causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of
37、water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food by searching quite a few distant places. Desert-adapted animals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely thirsty: it is a common experience in people that appetite
38、 is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.What does the author imply regarding large desert-adapted animals AThey have good appetite at night.BThey never lose body water.CThey seldom feel thirsty.DThey travel long distances looking for food. 9.BText 3/B Some surveys show that a lot of people
39、 believe that the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, wearing dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of snow light. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow actually do
40、es not cause snow-blindness in troops in snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a wide snow-covered territory. His gaze, in consequence, continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something he can lo
41、ok at. Finding nothing to focus on, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching, and the eyeballs will become sore and eye muscles will ache. Nature reduces this uncomfortable feeling by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity un
42、til vision becomes increasingly unclear. The result may be total, even though temporary, snow-blindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. A small group of soldiers will be sent ahead of a main body of troops. They are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes
43、, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even these soldiers themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead, on which they, too, can focus. The men following them can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and, having found s
44、omething to see, stop searching the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on lone object at a time, the troops can cross the snow-covered wilderness without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white territory is overcome.The word arrest
45、ed in the fifth line of the third paragraph can be best replaced by _. AtransferredBthreadedCattractedDswitched 10.B Text/B There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine has somethi
46、ng to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven, U (26) /U people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use U (27) /U what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course U (28) /U considers the computers impact U (29) /U society. But that is not U (30)
47、/U is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be U (31) /U as a liberal art. U (32) /U how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A U (33) /U might be made U (34) /U the competent citizens of tomorrow should U (35) /U themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite differen