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1、2021河南考研英语考试真题卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 3Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to persuade others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services th
2、ey can perform.But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century made person - to - person selling less efficient than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and highway systems made person
3、 - to - person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time, however, a growth in mass communication occurred first in newspapers and magazines, then radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or salesmanship functioning in
4、 the paid space or time of various mass communication media.The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the product, use a service, vote
5、for a political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any personal salesperson, the advertisement tries to persuade. The decision is the prospect’s.While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well
6、. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost 5f a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising also brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advert
7、ising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost publishing magazines and newspapers.The last paragraph is mainly about （）Athe cost of advertising a productBthe effect of advertisement on people' s livesCthe benefits advertisement bringsDvarious
8、 media for advertising products2.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose c
9、ombined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, compr
10、ising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau define
11、s the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depres
12、sion of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that th
13、e poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.It can be inferred that poverty（）Ais def
14、ined very concretely in every periodBis difficult to define in specific termsCis defined in material termsDis defined according to the standard of each decade3.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The gr
15、owth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or
16、 by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should b
17、e the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of t
18、heir income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipov
19、erty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms
20、of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population（）A1973.B1987.C1969.D1983.4.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as
21、a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose be
22、tween 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a g
23、roup of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purch
24、ase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent
25、. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conserva
26、tives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.Those who consider the poverty line high point out that（）Athe poor people enjoy other benefitsBthe society as a whole is not well-offCthe poor peo
27、ple may conceal their real incomeDthe poor people need less money to support themselves5.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and te
28、chnical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat afte
29、r 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allo
30、wance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American
31、population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But sinc
32、e then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies,
33、and health care.How many people are there in the United States in 1987（）A259 million.B117 million.C175 million.D240 million.6.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable
34、to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although th
35、e poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bre
36、ad, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this d
37、efinition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dr
38、opped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including fo
39、od stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.In the eighties, the Americans as a whole （）Abecame richerBbecame poorerClived a poorer life than in the seventiesDneeded more jobs to support their families7.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous
40、 English writer used the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university examiners had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in
41、1988. (6) the years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their students’ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they had (11) to
42、 do teaching their own subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the importance of maintaining standards of dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the connection be
43、tween clear thinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to be the victims of a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a g
44、reat deal of (20) .1（）AverbalBvisualCoralDfactual8.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writer used the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university
45、examiners had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in 1988. (6) the years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their
46、 students’ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they had (11) to do teaching their own subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the importance of maintain
47、ing standards of dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the connection between clear thinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to
48、be the victims of a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a great deal of (20) .2（）AclearlyBmerelyCfairlyDBarely9.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writer used
49、 the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university examiners had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in 1988. (6) the years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their