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1、2021年甘肃考研英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 3 There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment, they show
2、signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician, but late one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or
3、appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result, and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse
4、during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a negative therapeutic reaction. There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery, and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the
5、need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyze this resistance in the usual way-then, even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness, the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles t
6、o recovery, more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic inaccessibility, a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness. In the end we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a moral factor, a sense of guilt, which is finding satisfaction in
7、the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding this disencouraging explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty, he feels iii. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a
8、 resistance to recovery which it is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particularly difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be iii; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the fight remedy for his case.It can b
9、e inferred from the text that the author feels that（）Acertain people behave in a particularly fashionable way.Bthe need for illness has overcome the desire for recovery.Cthe patients who are content with their illness are felling guilty.Dthe symptom of inverse reaction to treatment is past remedy.2.
10、Text 3 There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment, they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this
11、 as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician, but late one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial so
12、lution that ought to result, and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a negative thera
13、peutic reaction. There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery, and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyze th
14、is resistance in the usual way-then, even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness, the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery, more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic inaccessibility, a negative a
15、ttitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness. In the end we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a moral factor, a sense of guilt, which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding
16、 this disencouraging explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty, he feels iii. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which it is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particularly d
17、ifficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be iii; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the fight remedy for his case.According to the author, it would be more reasonable to think that the patients who exhibit dissatisfa
18、ction with the treatment are（）Aopenly resisting the treatment of the physician.Bintentionally holding the physician in contempt.Cspontaneously responding contrary to the physician's expectations.Dpurposely disregarding the praise or appreciation by the physician.3.Text 4 Here amid the steel and
19、concrete canyons, green grass grows. A naked cockspur hawthorn tree stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind. But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety. Especially 20, 000 square feet of gardens. On it’s roof. As one of a handful of simila
20、r projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its urban heat islands, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment. Heat islands dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops-soak up heat. The retention can bake
21、a building, making it stubborn to cooling. The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below. The garden will provide greenery and shade. And th
22、at, said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those blistering summer days. The project savings from cooling is about $ 4, 000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof. The sprawling open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built
23、on a multitiered bed of special soil, polystyrene, egg-carton-shaped cones and waterproof membrane mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches in 18 inches. When the last plants and seedling
24、s are buried and the last bit of compost laid, the garden will have circular brick steppingstones winding up two hills. The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall and get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how t
25、he little things that we can make an impact on the quality of life, Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air. Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery dangling over terraces or sproutin
26、g from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment. Richard M. Daley, who urged the environment department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised
27、the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country. It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 specieswild onion and butterfly weed, sky blue aster and buffalo grassto provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selecte
28、d.Why should the rooftop garden be build on the top of City Hall other than on any other buildings（）ABecause the City Hall is large.BBecause the mayor had urged the environmental department to do so.CBecause it can make people understand their impact on environment better through a public building.D
29、Because the experts just want to make the City Hall a convenient laboratory.4.Text 4 Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A naked cockspur hawthorn tree stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind. But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden
30、 of any variety. Especially 20, 000 square feet of gardens. On it’s roof. As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its urban heat islands, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Departmen
31、t of Environment. Heat islands dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops-soak up heat. The retention can bake a building, making it stubborn to cooling. The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantial
32、ly hotter than the actual temperature on the street below. The garden will provide greenery and shade. And that, said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those blistering summer days. The project savings from cooling is about $ 4, 000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 pe
33、rcent longer than that of a traditional roof. The sprawling open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multitiered bed of special soil, polystyrene, egg-carton-shaped cones and waterproof membrane mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain
34、 and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches in 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of compost laid, the garden will have circular brick steppingstones winding up two hills. The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laborator
35、y on the top of City Hall and get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things that we can make an impact on the quality of life, Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air. Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have e
36、rased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery dangling over terraces or sprouting from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment. Richard M. Daley, who urged the environment departm
37、ent to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country. It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 specieswild onion and butterfly weed, sky blue aster and buffalo gra
38、ssto provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.The word substantially (Para. 5, Line2) most likely means（）Aa little bit.Bin fact.Cmaterially.Dconsiderably.5.Text 4 Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A naked coc
39、kspur hawthorn tree stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind. But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety. Especially 20, 000 square feet of gardens. On it’s roof. As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is par
40、t of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its urban heat islands, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment. Heat islands dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops-soak up heat. The retention can bake a building, making it stubborn to cooling. The r
41、oof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below. The garden will provide greenery and shade. And that, said the city officials, will save the city
42、dollars on those blistering summer days. The project savings from cooling is about $ 4, 000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof. The sprawling open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multitiered bed of special soil, polystyren
43、e, egg-carton-shaped cones and waterproof membrane mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches in 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of compost laid, t
44、he garden will have circular brick steppingstones winding up two hills. The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall and get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things that we can make an impact on t
45、he quality of life, Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air. Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery dangling over terraces or sprouting from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming
46、more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment. Richard M. Daley, who urged the environment department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public
47、building in the country. It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 specieswild onion and butterfly weed, sky blue aster and buffalo grassto provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.Which of the following statements is TRUE acco
48、rching to the text（）AEvery year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on cooling the city.BThe design of the garden on the City Hall specially takes weight the roof can stand into consideration.CThe Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftop gardens in Hamburg and build similar ones in Am
49、erica.DHeat islands mainly refer to those dark colored rooftops which receive and retain heat and will not easily release the heat.6.Text 4 Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A naked cockspur hawthorn tree stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind. But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety. Especially 20, 000 square feet of gardens. On it’s roof. As one of a handful of similar projects around the co