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1、2021湖南同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.女，40岁，患者因血尿、蛋白尿、管型尿，经治疗无明显好转。4年后，因尿毒症死亡。尸体解剖发现两肾对称性萎缩，表面呈细颗粒状。组织学检查，大量肾小球纤维化，并呈现均匀红染、半透明小团。这些肾小球的病变属于A纤维素样坏死B淀粉样变性C玻璃样变性D脂肪变性E水变性2.人类慢痛的主要投射皮层是（）A中央前回B第一和第二感觉区C皮层联络区D运动辅助区E扣带回3.脊柱结核（）A椎间隙狭窄B椎体破坏和压缩畸形
2、C两者均有D两者均无4.呼吸衰竭（）ApH下降BPaO2下降C两者均有D两者均无5.临床表现异位内分泌综合征的是（）A鳞状细胞癌B燕麦细胞癌C大细胞未分化癌D肺泡细胞癌E高分化腺癌6.一肥胖患者多饮、多尿，无多食及体重减轻，查：OGTT：空腹6mmol/L，餐后1小时 8.8mmol/L，餐后2小时9mmol/L。对该患者应如何处理（）A饮食疗法B饮食疗法+运动疗法C饮食疗法+格列本脲D饮食疗法+二甲双胍E饮食疗法+胰岛素7.脊柱肿瘤（）A椎间隙狭窄B椎体破坏和压缩畸形C两者均有D两者均无8.肾衰竭（）ApH下降BPaO2下降C两者均有D两者均无9.如果暑假为7月1日至8月31日，我所借的图书
3、“应还日期”分别为6月26日、7月10日、9月1日，应该什么时候还书A全部可以延续到9月10日前还。B7月10日和9月1日到期的可延续到9月10日前还。而6月26日到期的必须在6月26日或之前归还。C6月26日和7月10日到期的可延续到9月10日前还。而9月1日到期的必须在9月1日或之前归还。D只有7月10日到期的可延续到9月10日前还。而6月26日和9月1日到期的必须分别在6月26日和9月1日或之前归还。10.图书馆馆藏文献在分类排架时，首先按分类号顺序排，如果分类号完全相同时，再按著者号顺序排。以下六种图书的排序，哪种是正确的AG0/H896 、G0/Z210、F27/D304、H13/S
4、856 、H13/Z765BG0/H896 、F27/D304、G0/Z210、H13/Z765 、H13/S856CF27/D304、G0/H896 、G0/Z210、H13/S856、H13/Z765DH13/Z765 、H13/S856、G0/Z210、 G0/H896 、F27/D30411.检索到的图书显示“可借”，为什么总找不到A可能是以下几种情况：(1)已被借出；(2)正被读者取出阅览；(3)被错放架位；(4)已丢失。B可能是以下几种情况：(1)在中转书架上；(2)正被读者取出阅览；(3)被错放架位；(4)在邵馆或图文信息中心已被还回，但还未来得及运回原地；(5)已丢失。C可能是
5、以下几种情况：(1)在中转书架上；(2)已被借出；(3)被错放架位；(4)在邵馆或图文信息中心已被还回，但还未来得及运回原地。(5)已丢失。D可能是以下几种情况：(1)在中转书架上；(2)已被借出；(3)正被读者取出阅览；(4)在邵馆或图文信息中心已被还回，但还未来得及运回原地。(5)已丢失。12.读者使用研究厢时应遵守相关规定，以下哪种说法是错误的A学术研究厢提供本校教师、研究生、大学四年级学生的读者单独使用。B符合条件者凭借阅证向工作人员提出申请，征得同意后，向工作人员领取钥匙，并需将借阅证存放在工作人员处。使用时间最长不得超过一天。使用完毕后，读者应将学术研究厢的钥匙交还工作人员；工作人
6、员检查研究厢的使用情况，确认为规范使用后，归还读者的借阅证。C应文明使用学术研究厢。保持厢内整洁，爱护厢内设施，不随地吐痰，乱扔杂物，禁止在桌椅及厢壁上涂写。D任何读者都可以使用学术研究厢。13.读者不仅享有免费公平使用丰富的馆藏资源的优越，而且享有先进的网络服务平台、高性能的网络环境，无线局域网覆盖全馆，为读者使用手提电脑提供便利。以下行为对的是：A自己随身携带的手提电脑，可以做任何事情，如玩游戏、看电影。B自己随身携带的手提电脑，可以使用鼠标。C自己随身携带的手提电脑，可以用来占位子，离开以后，就放在阅览桌上。D手提电脑必须随身携带，人离开，电脑要带走，以防丢失。使用时，不能影响旁边同学的
7、学习，不能看电影，玩游戏和QQ聊天。14.图书馆提供24小时网上读者服务，同时购买了大量的数字化资源，如新东方英语多媒体学习库、超星数字图书馆、书生之家数字图书馆、中国学术期刊镜像站、万方数据资源系统、天宇全文检索系统、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、爱迪科森网上报告厅、中经视频、数学评论、Sciencedirect全文电子期刊、EBSCO外文期刊数据库、Springer Link全文电子期刊、中国资讯行等大型数据库。面对这么多新的资源，不会用怎么办A找信息咨询部咨询。B参加图书馆开设的“一小时讲座”，学习如何使用电子资源。C可以班级形式要求图书馆信息咨询部老师讲述如何使用。D以上方法都可以。15
8、.Passage One A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may have the idea that he is not capable of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental faculties, or he may accept another persons mistaken es
9、timate of his ability. Older people may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age. A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be useless. He wont go at a job with the confide
10、nce necessary for success. He is therefore likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence. Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had and experience which illustrates this. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic. His teacher got the idea that he had
11、no ability in arithmetic and told his parents what she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, Isnt it too bad that Alfred cant do arithmetic He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and was ve
12、ry poor at arithmetic, just as they expected. One day Adler succeeded in solving a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea that he couldnt do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His new found confidence sti
13、mulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became extraordinarily good at arithmetic. This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have, and that lack of success is often
14、 the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply ones ability, lack of confidence, and lack of determination as it the result of lack ability.According to the passage, which statement is NOT true AA child may accept another persons underestimate of his ability.BHe may think that he is too young to m
15、ake the most of his mental faculties.CA person may have the idea that he is incapable of doing good work.DSome old people dont believe that they are capable of learning anything new. 16.Passage Two The bat is a marvel of evolutionary adaptation. Most of them roost during the day, and are active at n
16、ight or twilight for they can avoid objects in the dark. I have seen this phenomenon at work. In my youth I used to explore old mining shafts in the Randsburg district. Sometimes my intrusion disturbed clans of bats that were hanging upside down in the dark caves. They would fly about to evident pan
17、ic, but the panic was mine, not theirs. Some flew crazily out into the daylight but some merely returned to their perches. None ever touched me, much to my relief. They may exist but I have never seen a stuffed nylon bat. To children, bats may not be as lovable as koala bears. Perhaps manufacturers
18、do not regard them as marketable. It is not so much their hideous faces and winged bodies that have caused us to get rid of bats, but rather the ancient myths in which dead humans, such as Count Dracula, leave their graves at night in the form of bats to suck blood from human victims, especially fra
19、gile young woman. As we know from some movies these vampires must return to their graves before daylight. Endangered young women can frustrate vampire by sleeping with a string of garlic around their necks. There are actually three species of bloodsucking bats. They are called vampire bats after the
20、 ancient legends, and their tactics are indeed frightful. Like Count Dracula, they feed at night. They make a small cut in their sleeping victim with sharp incisor teeth, usually not even awakening their prey. Then they suck the blood that sustains them. Should that discourage children from wanting
21、them as pets As Mitchell notes from the New Yorker ad, bats are clean and intelligent. Most of them are insect-eaters, and they serve nature by destroying crop-damaging insects. They also pollinate (传授花粉) flowers and spreading seed. Bat Conservation International claims that without bats a host of i
22、nsects/pests would multiply unchecked and many of our planets most valuable plants would go unpollinated. It is clear that the bat is our friend, and that, despite its appearance, it is here to serve humanity. Id be the first to buy a stuffed nylon bat. Childrens hearts are big, and bats need love,
23、too.What does the author mean by saying that the panic was mine AIn great panic, the bats were driven out of the cave.BI was greatly scared by the unexpected view of the hideous flying mammals.CThe bats were too tiny to cause panic.DThe bats moved reluctantly from where they stayed. 17.Passage Three
24、 Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries
25、, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked the items GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that gift means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as
26、 friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic (语言上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestu
27、res, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have mul
28、tilingual (多语的) guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and
29、 restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives-usually the richer -who speak English. Our business deals, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cul
30、tural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is c
31、hanging. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs, we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.It can be inferred that Americans being approac
32、hed too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably _ Astand stillBstep backCjump asideDstep forward 18.Passage Four Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a
33、 transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotional world would lack reward
34、s and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a World without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society
35、s economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning 10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances t
36、hat the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in implant ( 嵌入, 插入)ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size,
37、 or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and
38、 events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society e
39、xploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as
40、flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that _ Athey would not be happy with a life without loveBthey would not be able to tell the
41、 texture of objectsCthey would do things that hurt each others feelingsDthey would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them 19.Passage Five Thanksgiving Day is an annual holiday celebrated in the United States on the fourth Thursday in November, and it is most closely connected with
42、 the earliest history of the country. In 1620, the settlers, or pilgrims, sailed to America on the Mayflower seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts on an icy November morning. During their firs
43、t winter over half of the settlers died of starvation, cold or epidemics. The following spring, the pilgrims were befriended by some native American Indians who taught them which of the wild vegetation was safe to eat. The Indians also showed them how to plant corn and other vegetables. All summer l
44、ong the colony people waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depend on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving be fixed, to thank the
45、 Lord as well as the Native Americans. The first national Thanksgiving Day was proclaimed by President George Washington and was celebrated on the 26th day of November in 1789. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln revived the custom and made Thanksgiving an annual (moveable) holiday to be celebrated o
46、n the fourth/last Thursday of November. For three years (1939-1941), under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the day was celebrated on the third Thursday in November. In 1941, Congress returned Thanksgiving to its original day, and the celebration of it has been observed on that date until today. The
47、 pattern of the thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plums, pudding, mince pie, cranberry juice, squash and other varieties of f
48、ood. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dressing to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to get a consensus on the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird. Thanksgiving today is in every