《2021广西主治医师(骨外科学)考试真题卷.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2021广西主治医师(骨外科学)考试真题卷.docx(23页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2021广西主治医师(骨外科学)考试真题卷本卷共分为2大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。一、单项选择题(共41题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意) 1.周围神经损伤的治疗方法取决于损伤的病因,有关治疗方法的选择,错误的是A髋关节脱位或骨盆骨折所致的坐骨神经损伤,多系压迫性损伤,早期复位后可观察23个月,根据恢复情况再决定是否手术B切割伤应早期修复C火器伤清创同时行修复D药物注射伤一般先行局部理疗E肱骨骨折造成的桡神经挫伤,若外膜完整,也可先观察 2.骨软骨瘤的临床表现A肿瘤生长迅速B局部红肿,疼痛C多数无症状,无意中发现骨性肿块DX线片显示骨破坏,膨胀
2、改变E常见部位是手、足的管状骨 3.脓性指头炎切开引流时最好采用A侧面横切口B侧面纵切口C掌面横切口D掌面纵切口E鱼口形切口 4.在尺神经损伤的临床表现中,下列哪项是正确的A拇背伸功能障碍B第三、四蚓状肌及骨间掌、背侧肌麻痹C手的第二蚓状肌麻痹D猿手畸形E桡侧皮肤感觉迟钝 5.关于踝关节骨折治疗中错误的是A骨折解剖对位B踝穴不宜过大或过小C内固定坚强D反复整复,争取闭合复位,以免手术E早期功能锻炼 6.关于肩周炎,下列哪项是错误的A病变结果为关节外软组织粘连B本病是肩关节周围多种软组织的慢性炎症C特征是肩关节疼痛,活动受限和肌肉萎缩D前屈受限最严重E本病有自愈倾向 7.关节脱位复位失败的原因应
3、除外A麻醉不满意,肌肉痉挛B复位方法不正确C有软组织卡在复位途中D关节有骨折,复位不稳定E关节囊的破裂 8.关于单纯骨软骨瘤的临床表现,下列哪项不符合A多见于年轻人B多发于干骺端C生长年龄结束后肿瘤不停止生长D1%病人可以恶变E单发性骨软骨瘤比多发性恶变机会少 9.骨网织细胞肉瘤属于A骨组织肿瘤B软骨组织肿瘤C纤维组织肿瘤D骨髓组织肿瘤E滑膜组织肿瘤 10.前臂双骨折易导致A血管损伤B肌腱断裂C骨筋膜室综合征D旋转功能障碍E神经损伤 11.腋神经穿四边孔至肩关节后面,下面哪一种结构不参与四边孔的构成A肱三头肌内侧头B肱骨C小圆肌D大圆肌E肱三头肌长头 12.关于纤维异样增殖症,下列哪项是错误的
4、A女性多见,儿童期发病B畸形,肿块和病理骨折为常见临床症状CX线特点,好发于长骨干骺端,受累骨膨胀,皮质变薄,无骨膜反应D放疗有效,不易发生恶变E以手术治疗为主 13.患者,一小时前,被他人刺伤左腹股沟中部,来院时,伤口有大量鲜血涌出,此时最先应该检查的是A足部是否主动活动B触诊足背和胫后动脉C检查膝腱或跟腱反射D检查肢体感觉有无缺失E立即做X线检查 14.判断骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂最简单有效的方法是A膀胱镜检查B放置导尿管检查C静脉肾盂造影D肾脏MRI检查E肾脏CT检查 15.24岁男性,3小时前车祸致左股骨上段骨折,骨端外露,X线片示为小斜折,此时该患者的最佳治疗是A清创缝合,夹板固定B清创
5、,骨折复位,髓针内固定加外固定C清创缝合,石膏固定D清创缝合,手法复位,夹板固定E清创缝合 16.男性,35岁,右桡侧逐渐隆起,活动受限。查体:右桡骨远端膨隆,有压痛,皮温正常,X线片显示右桡骨远端膨胀,呈偏心性,局部骨密度减低,呈肥皂泡样改变,其诊断考虑为A骨髓炎B骨肉瘤C骨软骨瘤D软骨肉瘤E骨巨细胞瘤 17.下列哪项为强直性脊柱炎的脊柱X线表现A椎体呈磨砂玻璃样表现B椎间小关节、肋椎关节处骨质模糊,边缘不清晰C椎间盘变窄,椎间隙纤维环出现钙化D竹节样改变E以上都是 18.男性患者20岁,半年前曾患左股骨急性化脓性骨髓炎,经治疗后好转,但局部有窦道形成,常有少许稀黄色脓汁流出,近四日窦道口闭
6、合,但出现高热,局部压痛明显,并有红肿,X线片示有死骨存留,而且包壳形成充分,应立即A瘘道切除,一期缝合B骨钻孔手术C死骨摘除,植骨术D切开引流E瘘道搔刮术 19.测定大转子上移,可用哪种方法确定ABryant三角BChanberlain线CPauwels角DCodman三角ESchmorl结节 20.运动系统最重要的体征是A肿胀B波动C肿块D压痛E运动受限 21.早期骨与关节结核首先应采用的治疗措施是A绝对卧床休息B手术清除病灶C抗结核药物治疗,充分休息加强营养D积极进行功能锻炼以防关节强直E理疗促进病灶吸收 22.一名患者,右膝关节屈曲挛缩30度畸形能伸直膝关节,最多能屈膝100度,其标准
7、表述为A100-0B100-30-0C30-0D100-0-30E100-30 23.Charnley型人工髋关节小头型设计是为了A节省材料B减小头臼之间的磨擦力C减小头臼之间的磨擦系数D延长头的使用寿命E增加人工髋关节的活动度 24.幼儿,7岁,骤然起病,恶寒高热3周,左小腿肿痛,膝关节活动受限,左小腿弥漫性红肿,广泛压痛、膝关节积液,浮髌试验阳性,关节穿刺为浆液性渗出,X线片示左胫骨上端骨皮质散在虫蚀样骨破坏,骨膜反应明显,血象:白细胞总数15.610 9/L,分层穿刺见软组织内与骨膜下大量积脓,切开引流后体温下降,急性症状消退,其转归是A痊愈B形成慢性骨髓炎C形成硬化性骨髓炎D形成Bro
8、die骨脓肿E以上都不是 25.26岁,女性患者,平素有背痛,乏力,低热,分娩后出现下肢瘫痪,检查胸椎9,10压痛,平脐以下痛觉减退,下肢痉挛性瘫,血沉加快,首先应考虑是A脊髓蛛网膜炎B脊髓肿瘤C硬膜外腔脓肿D胸椎结核E横断性脊髓炎 26.下列哪项是临床上最常用的关节镜度数A20B70C0D90E30 27.骨关节结核的早期X线主要表现是A以骨质增生为主B以骨质破坏为主C局限性脱钙D骨质增生与破坏并存E关节间隙消失 28.男性,20岁,踢球时左膝损伤,关节内侧疼痛、肿胀,活动受限。保守治疗一个月后症状减轻,但时有关节绞锁及打软现象。四头肌内侧头明显萎缩、内侧关节间隙压痛,McMurray征(+
9、)、抽屉试验(-)、侧方应力试验(-)。最有A关节内游离体B内侧副韧带断裂C内侧半月板损伤D骨软化症E前十字韧带断裂 29.强直性脊柱炎患者出现足跟痛,常是因为A跟骨骨刺B足跟滑囊炎C跟骨骨炎D骨质疏松E风湿性肌炎 30.在骨科查体中,下列肢体测量方法中,哪项是错误的A测量下肢的长度从髂前上棘(或脐)至内踝下缘B测量上肢的长度从肩峰(或第七颈椎棘突)至桡骨茎突(或中指尖)C应将双侧肢体放置于对称的位置上进行测量D必须在肢体的中部测量周径E下肢正常轴线为膝伸直位时髂前上棘与第一趾蹼之间的连线,通过髌骨中心 31.Colles骨折近端的典型移位是A远侧端向尺侧移位B近侧端向背侧移位C近侧端向掌侧移
10、位D近侧端向尺侧移位E远侧端旋转移位 32.脊柱损伤后,跟腱反射消失,膝腱反射正常,可能为脊髓哪一节段损伤AS1以下BS2以下CL5以下DL2以下ET12以下 33.下列哪项不属于血肿机化演进期的范围A骨折断端及周围软组织形成血肿B骨折断端有几毫米的骨质坏死C血块和坏死的软组织引起局部无菌性炎症D新生的毛细血管和吞噬细胞成纤维E骨内外膜成骨细胞形成骨样组织钙化 34.骨盆骨折并发症中,较少见的是A直肠损伤B膀胱损伤C尿道损伤D神经损伤E腹膜后血肿 35.诊断骨折的主要依据是A病史和体征BX线检查结果C肢体较大的血肿D肢体功能障碍E全身性表现 36.在下列哪种情况下,可以排除骨折的可能性A无骨擦
11、音及畸形B无骨擦音及反常活动C无畸形及反常活动D无骨擦音,畸形及反常活动E以上均不是 37.较常见的肱骨髁上骨折为A屈曲型B内收型C外展型D伸直型E分离型 38.在治疗骨折时,下述哪种情况对骨折的愈合过程影响不大A切开复位,剥离了骨外膜B数次手法复位,损伤软组织及骨外膜C持续牵引过度,骨端稍有分离D未获得功能复位,断端虽对位尚可,但对线不良E固定不够确实 39.股骨颈骨折三刃钉内固定术后,可能引起股骨头坏死的最可能的原因是A股骨颈头下型骨折B术式选择不当CX线表现Pauwels角70D伤后早期下地负重EX线表现,颈干角127 40.下列哪项不是青枝骨折的特征A多发生在儿童B是一种不完全骨折C无
12、明显功能障碍D无肿胀及局部压痛E畸形不严重 41.创伤后或手术中止血带使用不当引起最严重后果是A止血压迫造成局部皮肤坏死B形成充血带C患肢麻木D患肢坏死E患肢剧烈疼痛 二、多项选择题(共41题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,有多个符合题意) 1.46岁男性,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛3个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽,用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体:右直腿抬高试验30阳性,加强试验阳性,X线片示: L45椎间隙变窄。对诊断有定位定性意义的检查方法是AX线片BCTCECTD肌电图E化验检查F体格检查GMRI 2.女,18岁,右大腿下端肿胀2月余,表面静脉怒张,皮温略高,X线示右股骨下端有边界不清的骨质破坏区,骨
13、膜增生呈放射状阴影。可用于本疾病化疗的药物为AMTXBCFCADMDCDPEIFOF6-MPGCTX 3.患者,男,40岁,因车祸致右小腿近端开放骨折1小时,采门诊查体后转入手术室行清创术,骨折端用钢丝捆扎复位,缝合伤口后石膏托固定,回病房。术后10天因患肢出现坏死而行股骨远端截肢术,其主要原因是A患者伤情复杂B骨折端复位不良C合并血管损伤D开放骨折E对筋膜间隔综合征处理不及时,不得当F应用脱水药物量不足G继发性血管损伤,诊断处理不及时 4.女,25岁,高处坠落1小时后送至医院,主诉胸背部疼痛,双下肢不能活动。经正确的治疗7天后,截瘫恢复不理想,此时应需要注意的并发症是A椎管内进行性活动性出血
14、B腹主动脉损伤C压疮D硬膜外粘连E伤口感染F深静脉血栓形成G泌尿系感染H肺炎 5.患者男,35岁,乘车时盘腿而坐,突然刹车时左膝关节受撞击致左髋关节疼痛不能活动4小时,查体:患肢短缩,左髋关节屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。该患者可采取的闭合复位方法是ABigelow法BAllis法CStimson法D提拉法EKocher法F“”号复位法 6.男,23岁,踢足球时突感左膝关节疼痛,经休息理疗1周后发现走路不稳,左膝发软。查体:左膝无明显肿胀皮温不高,外侧间隙有压痛,挤压回旋试验(+),内、外翻试验(-)X线检查(-),抽屉试验(-)。常见并发症可包括A关节不稳和疼痛B关节积血C关节积液D关节化脓性感染E
15、腓神经损伤F隐神经髌下支神经瘤 7.女,25岁,高处坠落1小时后送至医院,主诉胸背部疼痛,双下肢不能活动。若该患者手术半个月后病情改善,双下肢肌力已恢复至3级以上,此时就应采取哪种治疗方法A再次手术减压并扩大神经根管B积极防治可能出现的并发症C电针、理疗治疗D应用抗生素抗感染治疗E延长脱水药物及激素的使用时间F行选择性神经后根切断术G康复训练 8.46岁男性,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛3个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽,用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体:右直腿抬高试验30阳性,加强试验阳性,X线片示: L45椎间隙变窄。该患者行腰椎CT检查示L45椎间盘突出约6mm,并且患者疼痛剧烈,进行了腰椎后路髓核摘除
16、术。手术的可能并发症有A切口感染B脑脊液漏C下腔静脉损伤D术后复发E下肢深静脉损伤F腰椎不稳G肝炎 9.Walk along the River Warnow, in northern Germany, and you may be lucky enough to spot a SeaFalcon, a sleek, white machine with two propellers, two wings and a distinctly unbirdlike tail. It looks like an aircraft. Which is what it is. Except, it is
17、nt. It is a shipat least in the eyes of the International Marine Organisation, which regulates such things. That matters, because ships are much more lightly regulated than aircraft. The SeaFalcon is really a ground-effect vehicle. It flies only over water and only two metres above that water. This
18、means the air beneath its wings is compressed, giving it additional lift. In effect, it is floating on a cushion of air. That makes it far cheaper to run than a plane of equivalent size, while the fact that it is flying means it is far fasterat 80-100 knotsthan a ship of any size. Its designer, Diet
19、er Puls, thus hopes it will fill a niche for the rapid transport of people and light goods in parts of the world where land and sea exist in similar proportions. The theory of ground-effect vehicles goes back to the 1920s, when Carl Wieselsberger, a German physicist, described how the ground effect
20、works. There was then a period of silence, followed by a false start. In the 1960s the Soviet armed forces thought that ground-effect vehicles would be ideal for shifting heavy kit around places like the Black Sea. Their prototypes did fly, but were never deployed in earnest and their jet engines co
21、nsumed huge amounts of fuel. This did, however, prove that the idea worked. And two German engineers, Mr. Puls and Hanno Fischer (whose version is called Airfish 8), have taken it up and made it work by using modern, composite materials for the airframes, and propellers rather than jets for propulsi
22、on. One reason the Soviet design was so thirsty is that the power needed to lift a ground-effect vehicle is far greater than that needed to sustain it in level flight. The Soviet design used heavy jet engines to deliver the power needed for take-off. But the SeaFalcon uses a hydrofoil to lift itself
23、 out of the water, and Airfish 8 uses what Mr. Fischer calls a hoverwinga system of pipes that takes air which has passed through the propeller and blasts it out under the craft during take-off. The next stage, of course, is to begin production in earnestand that seems to be about to happen. Mr. Pul
24、s says he has signed a deal with an Indonesian firm for an initial order of ten, while both he and Mr. Fischer are in discussions with Wigetworks, a Singaporean company, with a view to starting production next year. South-East Asia, with its plethora of islands and high rate of economic growth is ju
25、st the sort of place where ground-effect vehicles should do well. All of which sounds optimistic. But a note of caution is needed. For another sort of ground-effect vehicle was also expected to do well and ended up going nowhere. The hovercraft differed from the vehicles designed by Messrs Puls and
26、Fischer in that it relied on creating its own cushion of air, rather than having one provided naturally. That meant it could go on land as well as seawhich was thought at the time (the 1950s) to be a winning combination. Sadly, it was not. Hovercraft have almost disappeared. But then, in the eyes of the regulators, they counted as aircraft.第23页 共23页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页第 23 页 共 23 页