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1、2021年江西在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.() that a society like the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children is still needed in a civilized countryA. How does it comeB. How it comesC. How did it come aboutD. How did it come2
2、.Every device () in the spacecraft must be designed and made with great care so as to be sure that nothing goes wrong in operation.A. to be fittedB. fittedC. fittingD. to have been fitted3.It is believed that todays pop music can serve as a creative force()stimulating the thinking of its listeners.A
3、. byB. withC. atD. on4.The telegraph opened up the possibility of establishing almost () communication and thereby offered many practical advantages to people in all walks of life.A. distantB. instantaneousC. immediateD. prompt5.While the total number of farmers engaged in agricultural production is
4、 barely half () it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how6.Louis Braille designed a form of communication enabling people to () and preserve their thoughts by incorporating a series of dots which were read by the finger tips.A. retainB. visualizeC.
5、conveyD. transfer7.The () sound of movements in the kitchen suggested that the children were secretly helping themselves to the chocolate cake.A. faintB. vagueC. slenderD. dim8.Just as space was () into regions, time was split up into eras, seasons, and epochs.A. evolvedB. originatedC. decomposedD.
6、detached9.If a scientist holds an idea to be true and finds any counter-evidence whatever, the idea is either () or abandoned.A. testifiedB. ascertainedC. violatedD. modified10.He has () a very odd set of people. I hope they wont have a bad influence on him.A. got mixed up withB. got involved inC. l
7、ined up withD. come up with11.Because American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life, they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and () interests.A. worthB. worthyC. valuableD. worthwhile12.I can () her sudden friendliness; she wants me to look after her par
8、rot while she is away.A. work outB. make outC. see throughD. figure out13.People today spend a () portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children.A. considerableB. significantC. substantialD. surplus14.Since she inherited her fathers fortune, she is completely independent ()
9、her husband.A. fromB. onC. ofD. with15.On cold days in Delhi, the poor light bonfires (篝火) of tyres, trees and rags whose fumes mix with the exhaust from the city’s 2 million vehicles to form a thick smog. On most days in Mexico City, a blanket of pollution cuts off views of the surrounding mo
10、untains. On one famous occasion it got so bad that birds fell dead out of the sky on to the Zocalo, the city’s main square. Throughout the developing world, smogs in many big cities are getting worse as more people use cars and more manufacturing firms are belching out (喷出) pollution. Congesti
11、on is on the rise. too: according to one estimate, a car in Bangkok now spends the equivalent of 40 days a year stuck in traffic. The air in Asia’s cities, like the water in its rivers, is particularly unhealthy, containing levels of dust and smoke several times higher than in the rich countri
12、es’ cities.Environmentalists in the developed world also worry about air pollution in poorer countries. not just out of the goodness of their hearts but because they fear it may affect their own backyard. Carbon-dioxide emissions, thought to be the cause of global warming, are growing particul
13、arly fast in developing countries. So are emissions of sulphur dioxide, blamed for acid rain. which sometimes falls hundreds of miles from the source of the pollution.But the harm that air pollution causes in the developing countries themselves is much more serious and immediate. The biggest concern
14、 are indoor air pollution, lead emissions and small particles. Indoor pollution in poor countries is not much talked about, but it is often as damaging to health as smoking cigarettes. Around a third of all energy consumed in developing countries comes from wood, crop residues and dung, which are of
15、ten burnt in poorly designed stoves within ill-ventilated (通风很差的) huts. Studies of women in India and Nepal exposed to smoke from such fuels show that their death rates from chronic respiratory disease are similar to those of heavy smokers.Lead has long been known to be dangerous in large doses. But
16、 only since the 1970s have scientists been aware that relatively small quantities of lead in the bloodstream can be harmful to humans. In particular, many studies show a correlation between levels of lead in children’s blood and lower IQ scores, hearing loss and hyperactivity (活动过度).But the ki
17、nd of air pollution thought to cause the most damage to human health in developing countries is that from small particles. Caused by vehicle exhausts, coal-burning smoke from factories and dust stirred up by vehicles, these particles easily find their way into people’s lungs. Studies the world
18、 over have shown a strong positive correlation between small particles in the air and death rates.The first paragraph is engaged in ().A. describing several world famous cities in developing countriesB. illustrating the seriousness of environmental problems in developing countriesC. drawing a pictur
19、e about the seriously polluted future worldD. comparing the pollution problems in developed and developing countries16.Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not
20、uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other friends to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to compartmenta
21、lize (划分) friendships, having friends at work , friends on the softball team , family friends , etc.Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or
22、impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience
23、to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything American in which y
24、ou may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn’t matter, because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.On the ot
25、her hand, don’t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.The general topic of
26、the passage is().A. American societyB. American cultureC. Americans’ personalityD. Americans’ activities17.Japan’s old imperial army never went into the field without a group of comfort women for the troops. Many male office workers in modern Japan (and in Japanese branches abroad)
27、 seem to think they are still at war. Women workers, even those with university degrees, are expected to do all the humble tasks: greet the visitors, make the tea, tidy up the office afterwards and then leave the firm as soon as they get married and have a child. Come party time, they are often pres
28、sed into behaving like bar hostesses.The fort of Japanese male chauvinism-the old guard of the ruling Liberal Democratic Partyhas unintentionally done more than most to change all that. The sex scandal that marked the brief prime ministership of Mr. Sosuke Uno last summer outraged many women, and he
29、lped the, opposition to its success in the upper-house election in July. Mr. Uno is forgotten, but the resentment (怨恨) of women about their treatment at the hands of men lingers (逗留) on. Over the past few months Japanese women have started campaigning much more vigorously for laws to protect them fr
30、om sexual bothering at work.Japan’s first lawsuit claiming sexual bothering opened last week in a city court in Fukuoka. A 32-year-old woman, whose name has been kept from being known (another first), is seeking about $26000 in damages from her former boss and the publishing company she worked
31、 for. She claims his sexual hints forced her to leave the company and give up her career. She stakes her claim on the ground, among others, that her rights under Article 14 of the Japanese Constitution were violated; this guarantees equal treatment for the sexes.Women’s lobbying groups have be
32、en springing up all over Japan. The lead has been taken by lawyers at the Second Bar Association in Tokyo. Last month the association held a call-in for women to expose their grievances. Its telephone lines were jammed for six hours. By the end of the session, some 137 formal complaints had been reg
33、istered. Nearly 40% of them were from women who had been compelled to have sexual relations with their superiors at work, says Miss Shizuko Sugii, a lawyer with the bar association. Ten of the cases have since been classified as rape or attempted rape.This passage mainly talks about things in ().A.
34、old imperial JapanB. war-time JapanC. modern JapanD. future Japan18.Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any fea
35、sible wage.Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward
36、pressure on natives’ wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be.In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make n
37、atives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in America: if there were any marked influence on wages, that is where you would expect to find it, given the scale of immigration and the tendency of the newco
38、mers to concentrate in certain areas. But most studies have compared wages and employment in areas with many immigrants to wages and employment in areas with few. For instance, one examined the impact of sudden and notorious inflow of refugees to Miami from the Cuban port of Mariel in 1980. Within t
39、he space of a few months, 125000 people had arrived, increasing Miami’s labor force by 7%. Yet the study concluded that wages and employment among the city’s natives, including the unskilled, were virtually unaffected. Another study examined the effect of immigration on wages and employm
40、ent of those at the bottom of the jobs ladder-unskilled blacks and Hispanics. It found that a doubling of the rate of immigration had no detectable effect on natives.The most recent work, admittedly, has tended to question these findings. Using more detailed statistics and more sophisticated methods
41、 than the earlier studies, this work has tended to find that immigrants’ wages take longer to rise to the level of the natives’ wages than has been supposed. This implies a more persistent downward pressure on the host economy’s labor market.Typically these studies find that immigr
42、ation does depress unskilled natives’ wages to a small extent. But nearly all economists would agree that the effects of immigration are insignificant in relation to other influences.According to the passage, immigration will not threaten natives benefits because ().A. they only take jobs crea
43、ted by immigrantsB. they often hold jobs that natives don’t acceptC. they do not put downward pressure on natives’ wagesD. they are unemployed most of the time19.The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in t
44、he shortest possible time. (51) these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with (52) sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not always the most (53) one. Large highways often pass by scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways gene
45、rally (54) large urban centers which means that they become crowded with heavy traffic during rush hours, (55) the fast, direct way becomes a very slow route.However, there is almost always another route to take (56) you are not in a hurry. Not far from the (57) new super highways, there are often o
46、lder, less heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. (58) of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curling through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns (59) in deep valleys. Through these
47、 less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to place where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a (60) to get a fresh, clean view of the world.51().A. AlthoughB. SinceC. BecauseD. Therefore20.Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. The
48、ir friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other friends to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do
49、with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to compartmentalize (划分) friendships, having friends at work , friends on the softball team , family friends , etc.Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always s