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1、2021江西在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases (51) the decisions we make, an d the roots of our habits and skills are to
2、 be (52) in our past experiences, which are brought into the present (53) memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep (54) available for later use. It includes not only remembering things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory
3、 is (55) when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory (56) not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example,
4、 contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer (57) that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100000 words ready for (58) use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meani
5、ngs of about 100000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total (59) of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intellig
6、ence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and (60) of words.51（）。A. ofB. toC. forD. on2.People in the mass advertising business and others who study American society have been very interested in the question: What does the American consumer like Max Lerner, a
7、 well-known scholar who has studied American society, has said that American consumers are particularly fond of three things: comfort, cleanliness, and novelty.Lerner believes that the American love of comfort perhaps goes back to the frontier experience, where life was tough and there were very few
8、 comforts. This experience may have created a strong desire in the pioneers and their children for goods that would make life more comfortable. Today, the American’s love of comfort is seen in the way they furnish their homes, design their cars, and travel. How Americans choose a new mattress
9、for their bed is an example of the Americans love of comfort. Many Americans will go to a store where beds are set up, and they will lie down on several mattresses to see which one is the most comfortable.Cleanliness is also highly valued by Americans. There is a strong emphasis on keeping all parts
10、 of the body clean, and Americans see lots of TV commercials for soap. shampoo, deodorants, and mouthwash. Perhaps the Puritan (清教徒的) heritage has played some role in the desire for cleanliness. The Puritans, a strict Protestant (新教的) church group who were among the first settlers of America, stress
11、ed the need to cleanse the body of dirt and of all evil tendencies, such as sexual desire. The saying Cleanliness is next to Godliness reflects the belief of most Americans that it is important to keep not only their bodies, but also their clothes, their houses, their cars, and even their pets clean
12、 and smelling good. Indeed, many Americans are offended by anyone who does not follow their accepted standards of cleanliness.Along with cleanliness and comfort, Americans love having things that are new and different. Perhaps this love of novelty comes from their pride in their inventiveness. Ameri
13、can have always been interested in inventing new products and improving old ones. They like to see changes in cars, clothing, and products for the home. Advertisements encourage people to get rid of old products and try new ones, whether the old ones still work or not. And if they cannot afford to b
14、uy something now, advertisers encourage consumers to charge it on a credit card. Buy now-pay later. Which of the following statements is true（）。A. Most Americans don’t care deodorants because they like the natural odor of the body.B. The Puritans thought there was something evil about sexual d
15、esire.C. Americans don’t mind if others don’t follow their standards of cleanliness.D. Most Americans pay much attention to keeping their body clean, but often ignore their houses, cars and pets.3.What makes Reader’s Digest the most successful magazine in publishing history Beneath
16、 the fun and excitement that fill our pages, we are, above all else, a serious magazine. Our readers are serious people. The Digest never loses sight of the fact that each day all of us confront a tough, challenging world. To millions who know our record of viewing this world, we are not a luxury; w
17、e are a necessity.Basic to our magazine is a steady focus on the power of the individual. We show that man’s greatest ideas and accomplishment, his often stunning (极好的) faith and courage and hope, can be seen in the conduct of ordinary men and women. We reflect the universal skepticism that go
18、vernment can solve our problems; we herald the unending promise of self-determination and individual enterprise. Readers depend upon us for truth and accuracy, logic and common sense.Our stories come from the grit of human experience-the tough, the tender, the funny. These storiesalways told in a po
19、werful narrative stylespring from love and caring, from a sense of right and wrong, from a dedication to the vitality (活力，生命力) of the human spirit. We are at the forefront of major issues of medicine, health, environment, human rights. We take readers behind the headlines to the cause and meaning of
20、 world events. We celebrate courage, champion adventure and always seek to expand the mind, and to enrich the spirit and the body. It is this clear voicenever preaching (说谎), always showing-that has made readers set us apart from all other magazines.Deep within our widely varied package of humor, dr
21、ama, and helpful information, there hums (哼唱) a subtle power that guides people in every aspect of their lives. They listen because what we put forth rings true. They are comfortable with our clear, concise words that inform them, entertain them, and remind them of those eternal values that fortify
22、all decent people as they seek clarity and coherence in a confusing world. Our readers recognize that our compass is good for the long haul-that our principles are good for all seasons, good for all ages, good for all those who wish to play a role in making their world a better place. So long as we
23、never lose sight of these powerful principles that are at the soul of our magazine-and so long as we remain at the cutting edge of life in our worldthen we are prepared to lay claim to a future as brilliant and as exciting as our past.All of the following about the Readers Digest are true EXCEPT tha
24、t （）。A. it firmly believes that the government can be trusted with ready helpB. people can strengthen their minds and will by reading itC. it trusts that the ordinary people are capable of glorious deeds in their livesD. it can help the ordinary people to discover truth for themselves4.Britain&rsquo
25、;s emissions of greenhouse gases, blamed by many scientists for contributing to global warming, have fallen by 14 percent since 1990, according to the latest government report.British lakes and rivers are also on the road to recovery from acid rain poisoning, following successful curbs to air pollut
26、ion from cars and heavy industry.The report by the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) attributed the drop in greenhouse gas emissions to several factors including: the introduction of catalytic converters on cars, a move toward low sulphur and lead-free petrol and a switch to gas from c
27、oal and oil in power generation.Environment Minister Michael Meacher said the downward trend was welcome, but warned of complacency.Even though these figures are encouraging, we must not be complacent. There are still significant problems where we need to do more, for example, to further reduce gree
28、nhouse gases and harmful pollutants (污染物) such as ammonia and particulate matter, he said in a statement.The government has a target to cut greenhouse gases by 23 percent by 2010 on 1990 level, This is almost double the target of 12. 5 percent to which the UK is committed under the Kyoto Protocol an
29、d there are signs that emissions are rising as generators return to using coal-fired power stations in the face of rising natural gas prices.The Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) said substantial curbs on sulphur dioxide emissions across the UK and Europe had cut acid rain by
30、half over the last 12 years. Damaged freshwater lakes and streams are showing signs of recovery, it said.But DEFRA warned of a new threat: Nitrogen oxides and ammonia are the main air pollutants that must be tackled to stop future damage. The bulk of Britain’s ammonia emissions come from farm
31、animal manure (粪肥), causing over-enrichment of land and waterways, said the report. Certain species rampage unchecked through this ultra-fertile environment, smothering the slower growing plants beneath them and choking streams and rivers. Nitrogen oxides enter the atmosphere from car exhausts and i
32、ndustry, creating health-damaging ozone and contributing to acid rain.Which of the following has Britain NOT done to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases（）。A. Introduced catalytic converters on cars.B. Encouraged use of low sulphur and lead-free petrol.C. Replaced coal and oil with gas in power ge
33、neration.D. Closed down some heavy industry factories.5.Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn’t itNew fake fat products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products,
34、which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it’s up to consumers to decide whether
35、 the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can’t be digested at all.Normally,
36、 special chemicals in the intestines (肠道) grab molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitam
37、ins A, D, E and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides throu
38、gh the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it’s that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fit substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can pr
39、event vitamins A, D, E and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are
40、still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be （）。A. just as anticipatedB. commercially uselessC. quite unexpectedD. somewh
41、at controversial6.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases (51) the decisions we make, an d the roots of our habits and skills are to be (52) in our past experiences, which are brought into the present (53) memory
42、.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep (54) available for later use. It includes not only remembering things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is (55) when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspi
43、cious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory (56) not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare th
44、e memory-storage capacity of a computer (57) that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100000 words ready for (58) use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the tot
45、al (59) of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of wor
46、ds and (60) of words.52（）。A. keptB. foundC. soughtD. stored7.People in the mass advertising business and others who study American society have been very interested in the question: What does the American consumer like Max Lerner, a well-known scholar who has studied American society, has said that
47、American consumers are particularly fond of three things: comfort, cleanliness, and novelty.Lerner believes that the American love of comfort perhaps goes back to the frontier experience, where life was tough and there were very few comforts. This experience may have created a strong desire in the p
48、ioneers and their children for goods that would make life more comfortable. Today, the American’s love of comfort is seen in the way they furnish their homes, design their cars, and travel. How Americans choose a new mattress for their bed is an example of the Americans love of comfort. Many A
49、mericans will go to a store where beds are set up, and they will lie down on several mattresses to see which one is the most comfortable.Cleanliness is also highly valued by Americans. There is a strong emphasis on keeping all parts of the body clean, and Americans see lots of TV commercials for soap. shampoo, deodorants, and mouthwash. Perhaps the Puritan (清教徒的) heritage has played some role in the desire for cleanliness. The Puritans, a strict Protes