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1、2021年河北公共英语考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.During the meal, youd better be careful not to leave a spoon in a soup bowl or coffee cup or any other dish. The coffee spoon ought to be on the saucer, the soup spoon ought to be on the plate under the bo
2、wl. When you are having soup, make the least noises and use the side of your spoon inside out this way, not the tip. And you mustnt pick up your soup bowls so as to drink away the last drops of your soup from the bottom of the bowl. Very often there is only one main course and salad, followed by you
3、r sweet. If you find the meal not square enough, say Oh, its delicious! and ask for some more of the chicken or steak or whatever you have just had. The hostess will be very glad that you appreciate her cooking and will give you an extra portion. But if you observe the Chinese way of being polite an
4、d say No, thank you when the hostess offers you more, you will most probably starve later. Because Americans will never press food on you. Yet it is not polite to keep silent and not to talk with the person next to you. It would be considered good manners if you handle your silverware with care so t
5、hat they dont clatter. Do not belch in the presence of the others and do not hiccup more than you can help. When coffee comes, drink it from your cup. The coffee spoon should rest on the saucer while you are drinking. And smoking, of course, is rarely seen at a dinner table. Well, when the meal is f
6、inished, the guests put their napkins on the table and stand up, the men again helping the ladies with their chairs. Do not fold your napkin in the original folds unless you are asked to stay for another meal. After the dinner, the guests usually stay for an hour or two, then they would say, well, I
7、m afraid I must be going now. The host and hostess would of course urge everyone to stay longer, What, already Wont you have another coffee The guests, for instance, would say, 1 love to, but I have to be up early tomorrow. Thank you for a most enjoyable evening. Good-night. And if you stay overnigh
8、t or over the weekend, it will be courteous to send a thank-you note to the host or hostess the following day, very often with a small gift such as a box of chocolate or some flowers as a token of appreciation of their hospitality.The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is_.AHow
9、 to Eat DinnerBTable Manners in the USACHow to Prepare for a MealDNever Press Food on Your Guest 2.Before the 1930s, workers were only paid as long as they were smart. If they were smart enough not to be ill, they were paid. If they were smart enough not to be injured, they were paid. And if they we
10、re very smart, they would find strength to work every day until they died. When people were not this smart, they looked for help. Their families, private charities, and churches did what they could. All of these groups helped when the economy was healthy. When the Depression hit, families, charities
11、, and churches were weakened. And there was more need of them than ever before. Pat Cauley, a construction worker, kept a diary. Here is an entry from 1932: Went to church. I said the family needed something to keep going. Got a nice sermon. Came home, pockets empty. Cauleys story was told by millio
12、ns of others. Even when charities did help, people were not completely happy. People on soup lines did not starve. But their pride went hungry. In 1933, Democrat Franklin Roosevelt became president. He said government should replace charities. Since people paid for government, government support was
13、 not charity. Government support was peoples tax money at work. People could feel they deserved government support. In 1935, Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act provided money for the elderly, the blind, and the handicapped. Workers benefited, too. Workers who were ill
14、or injured were to receive money. Families were to receive assistance when working fathers died. People laid off from work were to be helped until they found new jobs.What did Pat Cauley want to get from the churchAA prayer.BA sermon.CWork.DCharity. 3.Automation refers to the introduction of electro
15、nic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial R
16、evolution. Labors concern over automation arises from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employm
17、ent, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, however, there will be major shifts in jobs within plants and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in bringing
18、about this transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved liv
19、ing standards. To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in a SUB plan has a direct financial stake in
20、 preventing unemployment, he will have a strong incentive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently laid off workers be paid a sum of money based on length
21、of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increase based on increases in productivity. It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.We learn from paragraph I
22、 that automation will probably lead to_.Aindustrial disruptionBan increase in employmentCdisplacement of labor from one industry to anotherDan increase in unemployment 4.After the First World War, a small group of veterans returned to their village. Most of them managed to get along, but Lebeau was
23、unable to work regularly. In time he became poverty-stricken. Once every year the veterans held a reunion dinner. On one of these occasions they met in the home of Grandin, who had made a good deal of money and grown pompous. Grandin showed them a large gold coin. Each man examined it with interest
24、as it passed around the table. All, however, had drunk wine freely and the room was resounded with noisy talk, so that the gold piece was soon forgotten. Later, when Grandin remembered it and asked for it, the coin was missing. Instantly there arose a hubbub of questions and denials. Finally the vil
25、lage attorney suggested everyone be searched, to which all agreed except Lebeau. You refuse, then asked Grandin. Lebeau flushed. Yes, he said. Do you realize what your refusal implies 1 did not steal the gold piece, and I will not submit to such a search. One by one, the rest of the group turned out
26、 their pockets. When the coin failed to appear, attention was focused on poor Lebeau. Surely you will not persist in your refusal the attorney demanded. Lebeau made no reply. Grandin stalked out of the room in anger. A few years later, when the.incident had become almost forgotten, Grandin made some
27、 alterations in his house. A workman found the gold coin, buried in dirt on the floor in the room where the reunion had been held. Grandin hurried to Lebeau and apologized for having suspected him. But, he said, why did you not allow yourself to be searched Because I was a thief, he said brokenly. F
28、or weeks my family and I had not had enough to eatand my pockets were full of food that I had taken from the table to carry home to my wife and hungry children.Whats the purpose of this getting togetherAFor the veterans to meet each other.BFor helping the poor soldiers.CTo exhibit the wealth of Gran
29、din.DTo discuss charity problems. 5.Even a careful motorist may have the misfortune to commit a motoring offence. In this case, he will appear in a police court. This is a court ruled by a judge without a jury. A judge has powers to pass sentence for relatively minor offences only; serious charges a
30、re dealt with by a judge and a jury. In certain cases, the accused may choose to go before a judge and a jury, instead of appearing before just a judge. A court is also used for the conduct of preliminary inquiries to determine whether or not an accused person shall appear for trial in a higher cour
31、t. When his case comes up in court, the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to identify himself. The judge then calls for the policeman who charged the offender and asks him to give evidence. The officer takes the oath to tell the truth, the whole truth, nothi
32、ng but the truth. He also is expected to give an account of what happened when the offence was committed and to mention any special circumstances. For example, the offence may have been partly due to the foolishness of another motorist. It would be unwise for the accused motorist to exaggerate this.
33、 It will not help his case to try to blame someone else for his own mistake. If you are guilty, it is of course wise to say youre guilty and apologize for committing the offence and taking up the courts time. Judges are not heartless and a motorist may be lucky enough to hear one say: Youve got good
34、 reasons, but you have broken the law and I am obliged to impose a fine. Pay five pounds. Next case. Some short-tempered people forget that both policemen and judges have a public duty to perform, and are rude to them. This does not pay! A judge will not let off an offender merely because he is resp
35、ectful, but a courteous law-breaker may certainly hope that the judge will extend him what tolerance the law permits.Why do some accused not to choose to appear in a police courtAThe judge there is a policeman,BThere is no jury there.CThey dont want to be inquired,DThey dont think their case is seri
36、ous enough to be charged, 6.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The developmen
37、t of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. Labors concern over automation arises from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technological change is futile.
38、In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, however, there will be major shifts in jobs within plants and displacement of
39、 labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in bringing about this transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be s
40、hared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards. To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized th
41、at since the employer involved in a SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong incentive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiri
42、ng that permanently laid off workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increase based on increases in productivity. It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in orde
43、r to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.Labor has the opinion that_.Aall efforts must be made to prevent automationBautomation will cause a rise in consumer costsCits main interest lies in increasing all wagesDtechnological change cannot be stopped 7.After the First World War, a small gro
44、up of veterans returned to their village. Most of them managed to get along, but Lebeau was unable to work regularly. In time he became poverty-stricken. Once every year the veterans held a reunion dinner. On one of these occasions they met in the home of Grandin, who had made a good deal of money a
45、nd grown pompous. Grandin showed them a large gold coin. Each man examined it with interest as it passed around the table. All, however, had drunk wine freely and the room was resounded with noisy talk, so that the gold piece was soon forgotten. Later, when Grandin remembered it and asked for it, th
46、e coin was missing. Instantly there arose a hubbub of questions and denials. Finally the village attorney suggested everyone be searched, to which all agreed except Lebeau. You refuse, then asked Grandin. Lebeau flushed. Yes, he said. Do you realize what your refusal implies 1 did not steal the gold
47、 piece, and I will not submit to such a search. One by one, the rest of the group turned out their pockets. When the coin failed to appear, attention was focused on poor Lebeau. Surely you will not persist in your refusal the attorney demanded. Lebeau made no reply. Grandin stalked out of the room i
48、n anger. A few years later, when the.incident had become almost forgotten, Grandin made some alterations in his house. A workman found the gold coin, buried in dirt on the floor in the room where the reunion had been held. Grandin hurried to Lebeau and apologized for having suspected him. But, he said, why did you not allow yourself to be searched Because I was a thief, he said brokenly. For weeks my family and I had not had enough to eatand my pockets were full of food that I had taken