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1、1. 1. 通读全文,把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一步非常重要。2. 2. 结合语境,试填空格。结合语境,试填空格。读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的结构和意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况:(1)(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧:
2、技巧技巧1 1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词( (多考代词多考代词) )。如:例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. 解析:and连接前后两个句子,and后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推知,“马上可到达那里”的是the message,替代the message用代词it。 技巧技巧2 2:名词前面,若没有限定词:名词前面,若没有限定词( (冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词冠词、形容词性物主代
3、词、不定代词) ),很可,很可能是填限定词。能是填限定词。如:例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. 解析:名词rice crop前还没有限定词,应当填限定词;根据句意,这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词his。例3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _
4、35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析:因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词,应填限定语;根据句意,是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理,表示“一个”,用不定冠词,故填a。技巧技巧3 3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。定是填介词。例4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house.
5、解析:因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面一定是填介词,使其成为该介词的宾语;又由句意可知,他们“把我当作客人”来接待,表示“当作”,用介词as。技巧技巧4 4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。填连词。例5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析:因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多波尔蒂纳里)这两个名
6、词之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,应填and。 例6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 解析:因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,故填and。技巧技巧5 5:若两句:若两句( (一个主谓关系算一个句子一个主谓关系算一个句子) )之间没有连词,也没有之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是
7、填并列连词或从属连词。分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. 解析:因I wanted to是一个句子,I was to return也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前,故填before。例8 He was very tired after doing this for a
8、whole day, _37_he felt very happy解析:因He was very tired是一个句子,he felt very happy也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系,故填but。技巧技巧6 6:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词助动词(do, does,
9、 did(do, does, did等等) )。例9What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. 解析:句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句,空格后的be considered是谓语;因其中的be是原形,故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数);由句意及作者的语气可知,需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。例10 He had no time or energy to play with his c
10、hildren or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.解析:这是一个由but连接的并列句,由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知,后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时;可是,bring却用的是原形,既与语境的时态不附,也与主语he不一致,该句不是倒装句,因此,此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did;由句意和作者的语气推测,应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词did(的确) 技巧技巧7 7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)(1)由由it isit istha
11、tthat强调结构形式,判断填强调结构形式,判断填itit还是还是thatthat。如:例11 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)解析:由句式结构可知,本句为强调句,应填it。(2)(2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, hadnor, never, hardly,
12、seldom, not, until, had等,还是填等,还是填do, do, does, diddoes, did等。等。如:例12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析:由can you expect to可知,这是倒装句,根据构成倒装的条件可知,应填副词only,因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首,句子要用倒装。(2) (2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧技巧8 8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然
13、已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。例17His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 解析:因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词;因主语与keep是主动关系,应用主动语态;由从句谓语动词pl
14、ayed可知,要用一般过去时,故填kept。例18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. 解析:虽然句中已有谓语动词declined,但由and walked可知,所填词与declined和walked是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式closed。例19 In Logan, three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treat
15、ed at a local clinic. 解析:因主语three people与take是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由were treated可知,要用一般过去时,故填were taken。技巧技巧9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用语动词就要确定用ing形式、形式、ed形式,还形式,还是用不定式是用不定式形式。形式。例20 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on
16、 the contrary解析:句中已有谓语wont make,所以speak应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填Speaking。例21 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析:因句中已有谓语will have to work,所以complete应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填To complete。(3)(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧、词类转换
17、题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有:技巧技巧1010:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如:例28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析:因在系动词felt后作表语,用形容词,故填silent。例29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析:在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填dangerous。例30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析:因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣”,填interested。3. 3. 重读全文,解决难题。重读全文,解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。