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1、2021年江西职称英语考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.A Doctor in the HouseBrushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too. (46) It is one o
2、f many gadgets proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy f
3、or people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (47) _ In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.Intelligent bandages are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly Ident
4、ify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics would work best. (48) _Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer is coming up.All the projects should have far-
5、reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. (49)_ If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctors surgery.If all this sounds troublesome, then help is at hand. (50)_ A standard compute
6、r would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.A. Experts are also working on a digital doctor, complete with a comforting bedside manner.B. Instead of relying on hi- tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted
7、 to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.C. The cut could then be treated instantly, so avoiding possible complications.D. That is going to be the difficult part.E. The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.F. A toothbrush that checks blood s
8、ugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in the USA. 2.Ecosystem1. The word ecosystem is short for ecological (生态的) system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms (生物)
9、 such as plants, animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes, we are all members of an ecosystem!2. There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or r
10、ainforest. Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation (兴居) between living and non-living things in a monitored environment, such as a zoo or garden.3. Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and thats because they are the natural food producers f
11、or everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow, the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals, microorganisms (微生物) and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to functio
12、n, and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4. Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things. We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist, we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to
13、 care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species (物种), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5. To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much ener
14、gy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat (栖息地) of plants and animals, and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement (搬迁): imagine being thrown out of your home be
15、cause there is no more space for everyone. Worse, overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.Paragraph 5： 3.Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补) with machines in the lab a
16、nd write computer software to control these devices. Theyre the best toys out there, says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a robotics, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, an
17、imals. He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Chose
18、ts labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形). Snakes are far more interesting than the
19、 cars, Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Chosets team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes us
20、ually dont, such as rolling. Chosets snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patients chest, cutting through the breastbone. Re
21、covering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practice
22、d using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his teams creations, I still dont get bored of watching the motion of my robots, Chose
23、t says.The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 4.第三篇The Development of BalletBallet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.Ballet began in the
24、 royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them.
25、Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.It was also in the 1600s that professiona
26、l ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simpl
27、y dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers to rise on their toes to make it appear that were floating.Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ball
28、et when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found
29、 the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.Professional ballet was first performed inAFrance.BItaly.CRussia.DAmerica. 5.A Doctor in the HouseBrushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it w
30、ill make the rest of your body healthy too. (46) It is one of many gadgets proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.The devices seem fanciful, but the ba
31、sic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (47) _ In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.Intelligent bandages are a good exam
32、ple. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly Identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics would work best. (48) _Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you
33、when an ulcer is coming up.All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. (49)_ If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctors surgery.If all this sounds
34、 troublesome, then help is at hand. (50)_ A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.A. Experts are also working on a digital doctor, complete with a comforting bedside manner.B. Inste
35、ad of relying on hi- tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.C. The cut could then be treated instantly, so avoiding possible complications.D. That is going to be the difficult part.E. The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare
36、 it with previous images.F. A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in the USA. 6.第一篇Energy and Public LandsThe United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of U.S. energy production; the U.S. Department of
37、 the Interior manages federal energy leasing, both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual U.S. energy production.In 2000, 32 percent of U.S. oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced f
38、rom federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered U.S. oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing pr
39、ovide significant returns to U.S. taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the U.S. Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public land
40、s also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.Alternative energy production from federal lands lags behind conventional energy product
41、ion, though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from U.S. geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing e
42、lectricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.Because of the growing U.S. thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on the public lands to meet U.S. ene
43、rgy demands is intensifying. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact mitigation measures may
44、 be imposed, or mineral production may be banned altogether.There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands becauseAmany Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.Bthe US is demanding more and more energy.Cquite a few public lands are banned for ene
45、rgy development.Dmany Americans think public lands are being abused. 7.第三篇The Development of BalletBallet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that t
46、ime it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much moveme
47、nt, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himse
48、lf a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays.
49、Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers to rise on their toes to make it appear that were floating.Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the