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1、2021年四川在职攻读硕士联考考试考前冲刺卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, whi
2、le others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty. basically, is that Lt is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of que
3、stionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such-as murder. But some are more extreme than other
4、s.For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some convic
5、tion that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the over whelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protect
6、s them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100000 population. Since 1964 the death pen
7、alty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100000 population. The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence (巧合). It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the
8、 bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed (否决), innocent people will be murdered some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.The passage attempts to establish a
9、relationship between ().A. the importance of equal rights and that of the death penaltyB. executions and murdersC. the murder rate and the imposition of the death penaltyD. the effects of execution and the effects of isolation2.Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land.
10、Geographers compare and contrast various places on the earth. But they also (51) beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The English word geography means to describe the earth. (52) geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region,
11、 a nation, or an (53) continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another (54) to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the (55) starts with human beings and studies how human beings
12、and their environment act (56) each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, (57) branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the (58) between places. If all places (59) alike, there would be little need for geographers
13、. We know, however, that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, (60) is a point of view, a special way of looking at place.52().A.SomeB.ManyC.MostD.Few3.Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast various places on the earth. But t
14、hey also (51) beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The English word geography means to describe the earth. (52) geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an (53) continent. Many geography books deal with the
15、 whole earth. Another (54) to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the (55) starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act (56) each other. But when geography is co
16、nsidered as a single subject, (57) branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the (58) between places. If all places (59) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, that no two places are exactly the same. Geogra
17、phy, (60) is a point of view, a special way of looking at place.53().A.extensiveB.entireC.overallD.enormous4.With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to mur
18、der, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty. basically, is that Lt is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it i
19、s of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such-as murder. But some are more extreme th
20、an others.For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with som
21、e conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the over whelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty
22、 protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100000 population. Since 1964 the d
23、eath penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100000 population. The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence (巧合). It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers
24、. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed (否决), innocent people will be murdered some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.The authors response to thos
25、e who argue the death penalty for all degrees of murders would most likely be ().A. supportiveB. hostileC. negativeD. friendly5.When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or
26、patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain made between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates (终止).Only in most exceptional circumstances is the life-sp
27、an of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi: his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of re
28、ward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, pat
29、ent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidate
30、s (使无效) further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most new ideas are, in fact, as old as the hil
31、ls. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity of dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the l
32、ate 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent of a cart with the horse at the rear.Which of the following is true according to the passage().A. When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.B. It is necessa
33、ry for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.C. A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.D. One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office.6.Health-care services will a
34、ccount for almost one-fifth of all job growth during the 19962005 period. Home health-care aids will assist the elderly, disabled, and seriously ill in the patient’s home instead of a health facility. A large number of openings for this field is expected due to very rapid growth and high turno
35、ver. In fact, home health-care aids are expected to more than double in number by the end of 2005.Part of the reason for this increase is the growing population of elderly people. The number of people in their 70s and older is projected to rise substantially. This age group is characterized by mount
36、ing health problems that require assistance. There will also be an increasing reliance on home care for patients of all ages. This trend reflects several developments: Efforts to contain (抑制，控制) costs by moving patients out of hospitals and nursing facilities as quickly as possible; the realization
37、that treatment can be more effective in familiar surroundings; and the development of portable medical equipment for in-home treatment.Turnover in this field is high, which is a reflection of the relatively low skill requirements, low pay, and high emotional demands of the work. Therefore, people wh
38、o are interested in this work and properly suited for it should have excellent job opportunities, particularly those with previous experience.Physical therapy, too. is predicted to increase rapidly through 2005. A growing population of elderly people, who are vulnerable to chronic and debilitating (
39、虚弱的) conditions, means that more therapeutic services will be needed. More young people will also need physical therapy as medical advances save the lives of a larger proportion of newborns with severe birth defects. Growth will also result from advances in medical technology that permit the treatme
40、nt of more disabling conditions. In the past, for example, the development of hip and knee replacements for those with arthritis gave rise to employment for physical therapists to improve flexibility and strengthen weak muscles.The growing interest in health promotion should also increase the demand
41、 for physical therapy services. More employers are now evaluating work sites, developing exercise programs, and teaching safe work habits to employees in the hope of reducing injuries.A shortage of physical therapists that once existed has all but disappeared. The number of physical-therapy educatio
42、n programs has increased, and more graduates have moved into the labor force. Most graduates receive multiple job offers, and job prospects are expected to continue to be excellent. Physical therapists who are willing to work in rural areas will experience even better opportunities.The high turnover
43、 in the field of home health care reflects().A. the relatively high skill requirementB. the high pay of the workC. high emotional demand of the workD. bad job opportunities in the field7.In considering how the American family is changing, the starting point is the traditional family. a form which ha
44、s developed over time on the basis of a number of assumptions. It is assumed that the family is heterosexual (异性的) institution, with prescriptions about how a man and a woman ought to be joined together and live together. The proper family form is assumed to be the nuclear family, that is, a family
45、composed of a married man and woman and their children. It is assumed that the husband is the head of the family, with ultimate authority over wife and children, and that in their clearly separated roles the husband is the income-earner and the wife is the homemaker and provider of child care. It is
46、 assumed that the family lives by itself in its own house or residence.Observers of family life have suggested that numerous changes are taking place in this traditional American family form. Included are the following general observations about trends:More men and women seem to be living together b
47、efore getting married.Women and men seem to be marrying at a later age.Married couples are having fewer children.Unmarried women appear to be having more children.Wives, even mothers with small children, are increasingly likely to be employed outside the home.Marriages are more likely to end with di
48、vorce.Single-parent families are more prevalent.Remarriage is likely to follow divorce rather than widowhood.Remarriage rates are declining, especially for women.Some trends, viewed in a long-range historical context, appear not to be trends at all. The age at which men and women normally marry is t
49、he same now as it was 100 years ago, though it has fluctuated (变动，波动); a short-range increase in the 1940s and 1950s due to widespread postponement of marriage in war time made it appear that a change had occurred. Other trends appear to be following established patterns rather than representing a sharp break with tradition. Divorce rates have been increasing and families have been having fewer children for well over a century. Single-parent families a