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1、2021年贵州专升本考试考试真题卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Most dictionaries will tell you a number of (21) about a language. There are three things in particular that (22) important. These three things are spelling, pronunciation, and meanings. The first and mos
2、t obvious thing is that a dictionary will (23) you the spelling of a word. If you’ re not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c, and so on .For example, on a dictionary page the word poor p, o
3、, o, r-comes before poverty-p, o, v, e, r, t, y and the word poverty comes (24) the word power’-p, o, w, e, r. The words are always given in alphabetical Order. The second thing a dictionary will tell you is (25) . Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabe
4、t. This special alphabet is called a phonetic, or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you generally (26) a word is pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation. The (27) thing a dictionary will t
5、ell you is the meanings of words. You can (28) a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will ex plain all of the word’ s meanings. For example, in English the common word get has over 20 different meanings. The meaning, of course, (29) the
6、 sentence in which the word’ is used. These three things-spelling, pronunciation, and meanings-are some of the important (30) that you learn from dictionaries.25（）AbooksBpeopleCthingsDthing2.Most dictionaries will tell you a number of (21) about a language. There are three things in particular
7、 that (22) important. These three things are spelling, pronunciation, and meanings. The first and most obvious thing is that a dictionary will (23) you the spelling of a word. If you’ re not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are
8、listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c, and so on .For example, on a dictionary page the word poor p, o, o, r-comes before poverty-p, o, v, e, r, t, y and the word poverty comes (24) the word power’-p, o, w, e, r. The words are always given in alphabetical Order. The second thing a dictionary wi
9、ll tell you is (25) . Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet. This special alphabet is called a phonetic, or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you generally (26) a word is pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionar
10、ies use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation. The (27) thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words. You can (28) a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will ex plain all of the word’ s meanings. For exa
11、mple, in English the common word get has over 20 different meanings. The meaning, of course, (29) the sentence in which the word’ is used. These three things-spelling, pronunciation, and meanings-are some of the important (30) that you learn from dictionaries.28（）AgiveBsayCspeakDtell3.Most dic
12、tionaries will tell you a number of (21) about a language. There are three things in particular that (22) important. These three things are spelling, pronunciation, and meanings. The first and most obvious thing is that a dictionary will (23) you the spelling of a word. If you’ re not sure abo
13、ut the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c, and so on .For example, on a dictionary page the word poor p, o, o, r-comes before poverty-p, o, v, e, r, t, y and the word poverty comes (24) the word power’-p,
14、 o, w, e, r. The words are always given in alphabetical Order. The second thing a dictionary will tell you is (25) . Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet. This special alphabet is called a phonetic, or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you ge
15、nerally (26) a word is pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation. The (27) thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words. You can (28) a word and find out what it means. Many words have more t
16、han one meaning, and a good dictionary will ex plain all of the word’ s meanings. For example, in English the common word get has over 20 different meanings. The meaning, of course, (29) the sentence in which the word’ is used. These three things-spelling, pronunciation, and meanings-are
17、 some of the important (30) that you learn from dictionaries.29（）AfirstBsecondCthirdDthe last4.Most dictionaries will tell you a number of (21) about a language. There are three things in particular that (22) important. These three things are spelling, pronunciation, and meanings. The first and most
18、 obvious thing is that a dictionary will (23) you the spelling of a word. If you’ re not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c, and so on .For example, on a dictionary page the word poor p, o,
19、 o, r-comes before poverty-p, o, v, e, r, t, y and the word poverty comes (24) the word power’-p, o, w, e, r. The words are always given in alphabetical Order. The second thing a dictionary will tell you is (25) . Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet
20、. This special alphabet is called a phonetic, or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you generally (26) a word is pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation. The (27) thing a dictionary will te
21、ll you is the meanings of words. You can (28) a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will ex plain all of the word’ s meanings. For example, in English the common word get has over 20 different meanings. The meaning, of course, (29) the
22、sentence in which the word’ is used. These three things-spelling, pronunciation, and meanings-are some of the important (30) that you learn from dictionaries.27（）AdependBdepends onCdepend onDis depending5.We are happy（）we are not very rich.AhoweverBthoughCbutDeven if6.Most dictionaries will te
23、ll you a number of (21) about a language. There are three things in particular that (22) important. These three things are spelling, pronunciation, and meanings. The first and most obvious thing is that a dictionary will (23) you the spelling of a word. If you’ re not sure about the spelling o
24、f a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c, and so on .For example, on a dictionary page the word poor p, o, o, r-comes before poverty-p, o, v, e, r, t, y and the word poverty comes (24) the word power’-p, o, w, e, r. The
25、words are always given in alphabetical Order. The second thing a dictionary will tell you is (25) . Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet. This special alphabet is called a phonetic, or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you generally (26) a wo
26、rd is pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation. The (27) thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words. You can (28) a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning,
27、and a good dictionary will ex plain all of the word’ s meanings. For example, in English the common word get has over 20 different meanings. The meaning, of course, (29) the sentence in which the word’ is used. These three things-spelling, pronunciation, and meanings-are some of the impo
28、rtant (30) that you learn from dictionaries.26（）AbeforeBafterCin front ofDbehind7.Most dictionaries will tell you a number of (21) about a language. There are three things in particular that (22) important. These three things are spelling, pronunciation, and meanings. The first and most obvious thin
29、g is that a dictionary will (23) you the spelling of a word. If you’ re not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c, and so on .For example, on a dictionary page the word poor p, o, o, r-comes b
30、efore poverty-p, o, v, e, r, t, y and the word poverty comes (24) the word power’-p, o, w, e, r. The words are always given in alphabetical Order. The second thing a dictionary will tell you is (25) . Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet. This specia
31、l alphabet is called a phonetic, or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you generally (26) a word is pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation. The (27) thing a dictionary will tell you is the
32、 meanings of words. You can (28) a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will ex plain all of the word’ s meanings. For example, in English the common word get has over 20 different meanings. The meaning, of course, (29) the sentence in w
33、hich the word’ is used. These three things-spelling, pronunciation, and meanings-are some of the important (30) that you learn from dictionaries.30（）AwhatBwhichCwhereDhow8.中国农村“家庭化养老”的_缺陷，加上市场经济带来的新变数，使得推行“社会化养老”_。然而，由于各种条件的限制，商业保险及慈善救助迄今极少进入河南的农村地区，政府仅在新农合、低保和敬老院三个方面有所作为。这种情况下，宗教信仰在“社会化养老”上起到
34、了令人意想不到的作用。填入横线上最恰当的一项是（）。A传统 迫在眉睫B固有 迫不及待C陈旧 燃眉之急D长久 无关大局9.若幂级数的收敛区间是-1，1)，则级数的收敛区间是()。A-1，1B-1，1)C(0，2D0，2)10.具有屈光作用的是（）A巩膜B虹膜C脉络膜D角膜E视网膜11.肝脾破裂的症状或体征是（）A阵发性剑突下钻顶样疼痛伴呕吐B突发上腹剧痛伴腹膜刺激征C外伤后剧烈腹痛伴休克D上腹部绞痛伴畏寒、发热E腹痛呕吐便闭，肠鸣音亢进或消失12.中心静脉压高、血压正常时，应选择（）A适当补液B充分补液C扩张血管D强心、利尿E补液试验13.腹膜炎的症状或体征是（）A腹肌紧张B压痛C腹部包块D压痛
35、、反跳痛E波动感14.骶骨有（）A结节B较小的椎体C侧块D耳状面E较长且伸向后下方的棘突15.能防止血液从左心室逆流至左心房的结构是（）A三尖瓣B二尖瓣C冠状窦D窦房结E房室结16.二尖瓣狭窄的杂音（）A局限B向颈部传导C向左腋下传导D向心尖部传导E向胸骨下端传导17.参与构成尿生殖膈的是（）A肛提肌B肛门外括约肌C肛门内括约肌D会阴深横肌E会阴浅横肌18.实现细胞免疫功能的白细胞是（）AT淋巴细胞BB淋巴细胞C巨噬细胞D单核细胞E嗜碱粒细胞19.胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的症状或体征是（）A阵发性剑突下钻顶样疼痛伴呕吐B突发上腹剧痛伴腹膜刺激征C外伤后剧烈腹痛伴休克D上腹部绞痛伴畏寒、发热E腹痛呕吐
36、便闭，肠鸣音亢进或消失20.中心静脉压正常、血压低时，应选择（）A适当补液B充分补液C扩张血管D强心、利尿E补液试验21.具有调节进入眼内光线作用的是（）A巩膜B虹膜C脉络膜D角膜E视网膜22.位于冠状沟后部的结构是（）A三尖瓣B二尖瓣C冠状窦D窦房结E房室结23.腹腔积液的症状或体征是（）A腹肌紧张B压痛C腹部包块D压痛、反跳痛E波动感24.寰椎有（）A结节B较小的椎体C侧块D耳状面E较长且伸向后下方的棘突25.主动脉瓣狭窄的杂音（）A局限B向颈部传导C向左腋下传导D向心尖部传导E向胸骨下端传导26.参与构成盆膈的是（）A肛提肌B肛门外括约肌C肛门内括约肌D会阴深横肌E会阴浅横肌27.实现体
37、液免疫功能的白细胞是（）AT淋巴细胞BB淋巴细胞C巨噬细胞D单核细胞E嗜碱粒细胞28.二尖瓣狭窄的症状是（）AS1增强BS2减弱C钟摆律DS1、S2均减弱E射枪音29.细胞兴奋时，膜内电位负值减小是（）A极化B除极C复极化D超极化E反极化30.成年人的心动周期和心率是（）A0.20s，心率70次/min以下B0.19s，心率7090次/minC0.18s，心率91110次/minD0.17s，心率110130次/minE0.16s，心率130次/min以上31.膜内电位负值增大是（）A极化B除极C复极化D超极化E反极化32.二尖瓣闭锁不全的症状是（）AS1增强BS2减弱C钟摆律DS1、S2均减
38、弱E射枪音33.1417岁少年的心动周期和心率是（）A0.20s，心率70次/min以下B0.19s，心率7090次/minC0.18s，心率91110次/minD0.17s，心率110130次/minE0.16s，心率130次/min以上34. 阅读下面的现代文，完成第710题。 寻找最有效、最经济的汽车燃料 当一些研究人员集中精力研究汽车并改进汽车系统和材料时，另一些人的研究重点则放在汽车的燃料上。至少在一定情境下，改进汽车和提炼燃料是携手并进的。在研制出催化转化器之后，石油工业必须使汽油变成无铅汽油。含铅汽油排放的废气中有铅，使转化器中的金属涂上一层膜，导致这些金属失效。由于铅已与癌症联
39、系起来并能引起儿童神经系统损伤，因此无铅汽油是针对汽车污染的一项重要发展。 研究人员继续寻找改善汽油的办法。提炼原油以产生汽油涉及给石油加热并在石油挥发过程中提取各种碳氢化合物。有一些碳氢化合物是容易挥发的轻量分子，另一些碳氢化合物则重一些，它们有形成沉积物和微粒的趋势，并可能引起癌症。 石油公司通过多使用重量等级居中的碳氢化合物既不很轻也不很重的碳氢化合物，就能创造出污染较少的汽油。提炼厂也能分解或“裂化”较重的碳氢化合物以产生较轻的化合物。一些汽油添加剂在其结构中含有氧原子。这有助于促使燃料燃烧更完全。 研究人员也在调查除汽油之外的其他燃料。甲醇排放的污染物数量较少，这些污染物通常与汽油燃
40、烧有关。但是甲醇的潜能比汽油少，而且甲醇更难点燃。甲醇也能腐蚀许多金属。最后，甲醇产生一种刺激眼睛、鼻子和咽喉的有害化合物，被认为能引起癌症。从积极方面来说，甲醇比汽油燃烧得更完全，在与15%的汽油混合在一起形成一种叫M-85的燃料时，这种新燃料的启动性能令人满意。一种使用“灵活燃料”的引擎既能烧汽油也能烧甲醇，或者同时烧两种燃料。特殊传感器能决定使用哪一种燃料，并能把这个信息传达到中央电脑系统。 天然气是专家们认为能代替汽油的另一种储量丰富的燃料。天然气主要由甲烷气构成，比汽油便宜，也比汽油清洁得多。这种燃料的主要缺点是，不像汽油和甲醇，天然气在正常的气温和气压下无法以液态存在。天然气必须装
41、在压力罐中，或者液态时要装在绝缘罐中这是消费者可能拒绝的汽车设计之外的陌生附加物。加注天然气最多可能需要几个小时的时间。 一些科学家对把氢气作为一种未来的燃料感兴趣。氢燃烧比其他燃料燃烧都更清洁，而且容易生产。但是在氢气能广泛用于汽车之前，必须先解决复杂的技术问题。 电车安静，实际不排放任何废气。但是，电车用以获取能源的电池通常含有有害的化学物质。在电池被抛弃后这些化学物质就变成了污染物。由于电池供应的能量不如汽油燃烧产生的能量大，因此今天的电车不可能像汽油驱动的车辆跑得那样远或那样快。此外，电池必须经常充电，充电所需的能源来自发电厂，而发电厂本身也是污染源。尽管如此，在像加利福尼亚这样一些已
42、制定零排放法的地区，电车是满足零排放要求的可能选择。 设法使汽车更清洁的继续不断的探索是对工程师以及化学家、材料科学家和技师提出的严峻挑战。我们的夙愿是维护汽车给我们发达的世界带来的行动自由。而目前这种广泛探索同我们的夙愿一起，反映出我们对环境所给予的新的和强烈的关注。无铅汽油代表着在寻找更清洁燃料方面的一种飞跃，是因为_ A它对人体危害更小B它使催化转换器工作更高效C它对环境无污染D它与汽车改进是携手并进的 35. 阅读下面的现代文，完成第710题。 寻找最有效、最经济的汽车燃料 当一些研究人员集中精力研究汽车并改进汽车系统和材料时，另一些人的研究重点则放在汽车的燃料上。至少在一定情境下，改
43、进汽车和提炼燃料是携手并进的。在研制出催化转化器之后，石油工业必须使汽油变成无铅汽油。含铅汽油排放的废气中有铅，使转化器中的金属涂上一层膜，导致这些金属失效。由于铅已与癌症联系起来并能引起儿童神经系统损伤，因此无铅汽油是针对汽车污染的一项重要发展。 研究人员继续寻找改善汽油的办法。提炼原油以产生汽油涉及给石油加热并在石油挥发过程中提取各种碳氢化合物。有一些碳氢化合物是容易挥发的轻量分子，另一些碳氢化合物则重一些，它们有形成沉积物和微粒的趋势，并可能引起癌症。 石油公司通过多使用重量等级居中的碳氢化合物既不很轻也不很重的碳氢化合物，就能创造出污染较少的汽油。提炼厂也能分解或“裂化”较重的碳氢化合
44、物以产生较轻的化合物。一些汽油添加剂在其结构中含有氧原子。这有助于促使燃料燃烧更完全。 研究人员也在调查除汽油之外的其他燃料。甲醇排放的污染物数量较少，这些污染物通常与汽油燃烧有关。但是甲醇的潜能比汽油少，而且甲醇更难点燃。甲醇也能腐蚀许多金属。最后，甲醇产生一种刺激眼睛、鼻子和咽喉的有害化合物，被认为能引起癌症。从积极方面来说，甲醇比汽油燃烧得更完全，在与15%的汽油混合在一起形成一种叫M-85的燃料时，这种新燃料的启动性能令人满意。一种使用“灵活燃料”的引擎既能烧汽油也能烧甲醇，或者同时烧两种燃料。特殊传感器能决定使用哪一种燃料，并能把这个信息传达到中央电脑系统。 天然气是专家们认为能代替
45、汽油的另一种储量丰富的燃料。天然气主要由甲烷气构成，比汽油便宜，也比汽油清洁得多。这种燃料的主要缺点是，不像汽油和甲醇，天然气在正常的气温和气压下无法以液态存在。天然气必须装在压力罐中，或者液态时要装在绝缘罐中这是消费者可能拒绝的汽车设计之外的陌生附加物。加注天然气最多可能需要几个小时的时间。 一些科学家对把氢气作为一种未来的燃料感兴趣。氢燃烧比其他燃料燃烧都更清洁，而且容易生产。但是在氢气能广泛用于汽车之前，必须先解决复杂的技术问题。 电车安静，实际不排放任何废气。但是，电车用以获取能源的电池通常含有有害的化学物质。在电池被抛弃后这些化学物质就变成了污染物。由于电池供应的能量不如汽油燃烧产生
46、的能量大，因此今天的电车不可能像汽油驱动的车辆跑得那样远或那样快。此外，电池必须经常充电，充电所需的能源来自发电厂，而发电厂本身也是污染源。尽管如此，在像加利福尼亚这样一些已制定零排放法的地区，电车是满足零排放要求的可能选择。 设法使汽车更清洁的继续不断的探索是对工程师以及化学家、材料科学家和技师提出的严峻挑战。我们的夙愿是维护汽车给我们发达的世界带来的行动自由。而目前这种广泛探索同我们的夙愿一起，反映出我们对环境所给予的新的和强烈的关注。下面几种燃料在产生能量方面最高效的是_ A电池B汽油C甲醇D天然气 36. 阅读下面的现代文，完成第710题。 寻找最有效、最经济的汽车燃料 当一些研究人员
47、集中精力研究汽车并改进汽车系统和材料时，另一些人的研究重点则放在汽车的燃料上。至少在一定情境下，改进汽车和提炼燃料是携手并进的。在研制出催化转化器之后，石油工业必须使汽油变成无铅汽油。含铅汽油排放的废气中有铅，使转化器中的金属涂上一层膜，导致这些金属失效。由于铅已与癌症联系起来并能引起儿童神经系统损伤，因此无铅汽油是针对汽车污染的一项重要发展。 研究人员继续寻找改善汽油的办法。提炼原油以产生汽油涉及给石油加热并在石油挥发过程中提取各种碳氢化合物。有一些碳氢化合物是容易挥发的轻量分子，另一些碳氢化合物则重一些，它们有形成沉积物和微粒的趋势，并可能引起癌症。 石油公司通过多使用重量等级居中的碳氢化合物既不很轻也不很重的碳氢化合物，就能创造出污染较少的汽油。提炼厂也能分解或“裂化”较重的碳氢化合物以产生较轻的化合物。一些汽油添加剂在其结构中含有氧