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1、2021年吉林职称英语考试真题卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention 2.First Self-contained Heart Implanted 3.Stage Fright 4.Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention 5.First Self-contained Heart Implanted 6.Azeri Hills Hold S
2、ecret of Long Life 7.Beyond the Pap 8.Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention 9.Stage Fright 10.Azeri Hills Hold Secret of Long Life 11.First Self-contained Heart Implanted 12.Beyond the Pap 13.Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention 14.Stage Fright 15.Beyond the Pap 16.Azeri Hills Hold Se
3、cret of Long Life 17.They (debated) for hours, but could not agree on an answer.AconsultedBarguedCexaminedDforgot 18.I have a (permanent) job here.AnewBhigh-paidCstableDtemporary 19.The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing componen
4、ts to be packaged more (densely).AcompactlyBinexpensivelyCquicklyDcarefully 20.Glassmaking was the first (major) industry in the United States.AproductiveBprofitableCspecializedDsizable 21.The earthquake has caused serious (damage) to this city.AdestructionBhurtCinjuryDwound 22.Comets are still rega
5、rded with (fright) by some people.AdreadBconcernCdetachmentDresentment 23.Three straight lines meeting at three points (constitute) a triangle.Acenter onBcome down toCconsist ofDform 24.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the people in our major cities.AadditionalBefficient
6、CexcessiveDadequate 25.Our plan is to (allocate) one member of staff to handle appointments.AassignBpersuadeCaskDorder 26.I think this is a (deliberate) insult.AcarelessBintentionalChumiliatingDserious 27.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).AangryBhurtCtroubledDstimula
7、ting 28.The Asian Flu Virus In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called flu or as bad cold. He took specimens from the throats of patients in his hospital and was able to find the virus of this influenza
8、. There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the sub-group. He reported the outb
9、reak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H. 0. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%-20% of the population had become ill. As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They
10、 found that by reproducing itself at a very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gave any protection. T
11、his then, was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever. Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contract influenza in the same way as human beings do
12、. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like general public, called it simply Asian flu.The Asian flu virus_.Awas a killerBwas very weakCcould reproduce very quicklyDdied very fa
13、st 29.The (current) edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin America.AfirstBlatestColdDspecial 30.Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish and hard to (detect).AexplainBuncoverCdiscoverDignore 31.The Department of Resources notified the town counci
14、l that the water supply was (contaminated).AcutBdangerousCdivertedDpolluted 32.He (maintained) that the opinion was wrong.AemphasizedBrepairedCstuckDhelped 33.Competition The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this qu
15、estion, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competi
16、tors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process b
17、y which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and
18、 is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Soc
19、ial animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有)of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve
20、 to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among na
21、tions there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and proper (繁荣); the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict
22、, it cannot be said that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.In first paragraph, the author gives the definition of some terms in order to distinguish between two kinds of opposition.ARightBWrongCNot Mentioned 34.Ice Cream For Dogs1. Humans not only love eating ice
23、cream, they enjoy feeding it to their pets(宠物). Market studies show that two-thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to their dogs. Unfortunately, says William Tyznik, an expert on animal nutrition(营养)at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. It has milk sugar in it, he says, which d
24、ogs cannot digest very well. 2. Bothered by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to please their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much fun to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-pro
25、duct (副产品) of cheese and milk with the sugar removed. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It took Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz)and another dog food (named Tizbits), three years to perfect the Frosty Paws formulas, an
26、d two attempts to commercialize it. After losing B 25, 000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westervile, Ohio, which makes the product and packages it in cups.3. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested extensively and that dogs love it.
27、Of 1,400 dogs that have been offered the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first try. Three out of four preferred it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be available in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in packs of three or four cups, costing between 6 1. 79.4. Wha
28、t would happen if a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream Nothing, says Tyznik. Its harmless, but frankly, he says, it wont taste very good.A. The price of Frosty PawsB. No harm to humanC. The creation of a new kind of ice cream for dogsD. Harm to humanE. Feeding ice-creams to dogsF. A
29、ttraction to dogsPara 1 35.The Asian Flu Virus In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called flu or as bad cold. He took specimens from the throats of patients in his hospital and was able to find the viru
30、s of this influenza. There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the sub-group. H
31、e reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H. 0. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%-20% of the population had become ill. As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the s
32、tandard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at a very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gav
33、e any protection. This then, was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever. Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contract influenza in the same way
34、 as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like general public, called it simply Asian flu.The outbreak, was due to a virus (in para. 2) means that it was _ by a
35、virus.AkilledBfoundCcausedDweakened 36.How to Be a Nurse The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the view point of the patients, the nursing staff i
36、s particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However each must be equally dedicated. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long
37、days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a p
38、eriod of duty usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true
39、 in all nursing situation, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. Serving as a nurse can be a very rewa
40、rding job. But it is not an easy one. Not every person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession.The nursing staff_.Aare central to the medical staffBplay an important role in caring patientsCcan work effectively without physiciansDare always in clos
41、e contact with the patients 37.Old Mothers Children Have Higher Diabetes (糖尿病) Risk Children of older mothers run a higher risk of developing insulin-dependent (胰岛素依赖型的) diabetes, the British Medical Journal said. A strong association was found between increasing maternal (母亲的) age at delivery and r
42、isk of (insulin-dependent) diabetes in the child. Risk was highest in firstborn children and decreased progressively with higher birth order, Professor Edwin Gale and colleagues at Southmead Hospital in Bristol said. Diabetes is a serious, incurable, lifelong disease characterized (以.作为特性) by all in
43、ability to control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin-dependent diabetes, which mainly affects children, is treated by administering the hormone insulin. Gale looked into 1,375 families in the Oxford area where one or more children had diabetes and found that the risk of a child developing in
44、sulin-dependent diabetes increased by 25 percent for each five-year band of the mothers age. The risk of developing diabetes was also linked to the age of the father. For every five-year band of the fathers age the risk of the child developing diabetes increased by nine percent. The risk of diabetes
45、 was high est among the firstborn children of mothers who started their families late and the risk decreased by about 15 percent for each subsequent child, the BMJ said. The older the mother, the earlier the start of insulin-dependent diabetes in the child. Other studies have already shown that chil
46、dren born to older mothers, over the age of 35, have an increased risk of diabetes but this study is the first to establish that risk increases continuously in relation to increasing maternal age, Dr. Polly Bingley of Southmead Hospital told Reuters (路透社). The new study is the first to show that risk is related to birth order. The study also partly explains increasing diabetes. Between 1970 and 1996 the proportion of children born to mothers aged between 30 and 34 increased to 28 percent from 15 percent and this could account for rising numbers