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1、2021年广东职称英语考试模拟卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The Gene Industry Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a mi
2、croprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls metalhungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry t
3、hat there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of microbe spills that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbe
4、s, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down o
5、n the food chain Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us Should we attempt to eliminate inferior people and breed a super-race ( Hitler tried this, but
6、without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate unfit babies Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a savings bank full of spare kidney, liv
7、ers or hands Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God Broad Scale genetic engine
8、ering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.Acc
9、ording to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the mostAThe unanticipated explosion of populationBThe creation of biological solar cells.CThe accidental spill of oil.DThe unexpected release of destructive microbes. 2.A New Method to Kill AIDS Virus _(46). But researchers wont
10、know for a year or more whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections. This is a study thats in progress, said Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York. The study involves 20 people who started combina
11、tions of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. Theyve been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system. The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undete
12、ctable levels in the blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes (淋巴结) and semen (精液) from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there._(47). Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining virusesat least from
13、 known reservoirs throughout the bodyin two to three years._(48). Oh Wednesday, Ho said he wouldnt ask any patient to consider that step before 2.5 years of treatment. And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials._(49). _(50). A fe
14、derally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California, San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be
15、offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.A. The attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus continues to be hopeful.B. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.C. But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.D. Bea
16、r in mind that undetectable does not equal absent, Ho says.E. No one knows the long-term risks.F. A high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise. 3.Problems that Manufacturers Face Manufacturers who wish to export their goods to other countries many pr
17、actical problems. Firstly, there is the question of evaluating the market, and where the product well. This examining rival products to see these already fill the demand or not, and considering if the proposed selling price will be competitive. is to find someone in the chosen market will buy the pr
18、oduct. The buyer could be a wholesaler, who will sell the product to shops and stores, or someone with a retail outlet of own. Finally, theres whole question of arranging the details of the deal, such as finance, transportation, storage. a manufacturer knows the export market very well indeed, the b
19、est answer to all these problems is undoubtedly to find a good agent, who can make the whole project viable. An agent will provide information, introductions and contacts, and in return, he or she will get an percentage form the manufacturer. When Paul Osman, the Sales Manager of Jayal Motors, which
20、 mopeds, visited a city in an attempt to break into a new market, finding an agent was his first job. He was fortunate to be introduced to Adam Fortesque, a well established agent, who is impressed by the Jayal mopeds to put his assistant, Eve Sorrell, on to the job of helping Paul in his proposed e
21、xpansion into the export market. , this attempt brings its own problems, and Paul has realized that Jayal Motors will have to adapt quickly if it is to become an expanding international company.Ato find outBfinding outCfind outDin finding out 4.The Function of Tomatoes How do we love tomatoes Lets c
22、ount the ways: we love them in pasta, on pizza, in juice, in salad and soup, sliced on sandwiches, stuffed with tuna, even dried and baked in bagels, but most of all, we love them right off vineripe, red, and delicious. While tomato lovers dont need an excuse for eating them by the bushel (蒲式耳), now
23、 theres even more reason to savor these delicious fruits. Evidence is mounting that people who eat tomatoes have a substantially lower risk for cancer. In a thousand-person study of eating habits and health, Harvard Medical School researchers found that those who ate tomatoes every week had the lowe
24、st chance of dying form cancer. Recently, a study of 48, 000 American men showed a 21 to 34 percent lower risk for prostate cancer(前列腺癌)among those who consumed tomatoes, tomato sauce, or pizza more than twice a week. And in study of men and women in Italy, eating seven or more serving of raw tomato
25、es a week was linked to a 30 to 60 percent reduction in digestive tract and prostate cancers, depending on the type of cancer. The protective qualities of the tomato are thought to come from lycopene(番茄红素) ,a potent antioxidant(抗氧化的) plant chemical that is abundant in tomatoes. Lycopene is responsib
26、le for the red color of tomatoes; the darker red the tomato is, the more lycopene it contains. Green and yellow tomatoes do not contain lycopene. Lycopoene is also found in watermelon and pink grapefruit, but tomatoes are the most abundant source. Cooking enhances the lycopene more available. Thus,
27、tomato sauce and paste is even a better source for lycopene than fresh raw tomatoes. Lycopene is fat soluble and must be consumed with a certain amount of fat to be absorbed by the body. Tomato recipes must contain a moderate amount of oil to ensure that along with a delicious taste treat, you will
28、also be receiving all the health benefits tomatoes have to offer.Why does the writer say tomato lovers dont need an excuse for eating them by the bushelAIt is proved that lycopene in which tomatoes are the most abundant lower risk for cancer.BExcept its delicacy, there is more reason that not mentio
29、ned in the passage.CTomatoes are the most abundant source of lycopene.DTomatoes are hard to be absorbed by the body. 5.AIDS AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The human immunodeficiency virus (人类免疫缺损病毒)called HIV is believed to cause AIDS. There is no cure. People who get the disease will
30、die. AIDS itself does not kill. However, it attacks and destroys the bodys defense system that fights against infection. When this happens, a person has little ability to fight off many other diseases including pneumonia(肺炎), cancer and tuberculosis (结核病). A new study says the number of women in the
31、 United States with AIDS has increased sharply. The study says AIDS is increasing faster among women than among men. Eighteen percent of AIDS patients are women. This is almost 3 times the rate 10 years ago. Most women get the AIDS virus from having sexual relations with men. Pregnant women with the
32、 disease can pass it to their babies. The effect of AIDS in America is greatest in large cities. AIDS is the leading cause of death among all people in 79 cities. It is the leading cause of death among women in 15 cities. These include New York City and Miami, Florida. Doctors in the United States f
33、irst noted AIDS 14 years ago in homosexual (同性恋的)men in New York and California. In the United States AIDS spread first among homosexual men. Then it appeared in people who shared needles to put illegal drugs into their blood. It also appeared in people who had received infected blood products at ho
34、spitals. The AIDS virus is spread through the exchange of infected blood or body fluids released during sexual activity. It is also spread by having sexual relations with someone who has the virus. And it is spread by sharing drug needles that have infected blood on them. AIDS has affected several f
35、amous American athletes. Two years ago, former tennis player Arthur Ashe died of the disease. At about the same time, former basketball player Magic Johnson announced that he has the AIDS virus. The most recent athlete to be affected is Gregory Louganis. Louganis won a number of gold medals in Olymp
36、ic diving competition. He announced on television that he has AIDS. President Clinton met with Louganis and praised him for discussing his sickness. Mr. Clinton said it is important to educate the public. Activists have succeeded in educating Americans about AIDS and the people who have it. They als
37、o have been urging the federal government to increase efforts to find a cure for AIDS. Scientists first identified the virus that is believed to cause AIDS in 1983. Many of them then thought they could produce an anti-AIDS vaccine(痘苗). Such a medicine could be given to people to protect against the
38、disease. However, scientists at American government agencies, universities and drug companies have failed to produce an anti-AIDS vaccine. But they are continuing effort to find better treatments for a cure.AIDS has created some reactions in America that are mentioned in the text except that_Asome p
39、eople have changed their sexual activity.Bsome Americans kill people with AIDS.Csome Americans hate and fear people with AIDS.Dsome Americans show sympathy for people with AIDS. 6.The Attitude For Computers As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing ab
40、out computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper qu
41、estions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complete, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a
42、 new form of life. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Computers match peop
43、le in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many
44、things at the brain at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the si
45、xth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achiev
46、ements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.In terms of making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with
47、the computer because in the long procedures of evolution the slow pace of life didnt require such an ability of the human brain.ARightBWrongCNot Mentioned 7.Architecture Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings ate often so well constructed that they outla
48、st their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many kind