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1、2021年河南职称英语考试模拟卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Ebola Outbreak 1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted t
2、he virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported conf
3、irmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected
4、person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symp
5、toms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of th
6、e body .This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ulti
7、mately lead to organ failure and death. 6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.paragraph
8、 3（）A.Am I at risk of contracting the virusB.Is the current outbreak the deadlinesC.How do I know if I have contracted the virusD.What areas are currently affectedE.What exactly does Ebola do to the bodyF.What caused the Ebola outbreak2.第一篇Ear BreakthroughNew research published in the journal Curren
9、t Biology has added significantly to understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people.The latest research, conducted by Dr. Jorg T. Albet, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Colo
10、gne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory(感觉的)cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates(脊椎动物)including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be
11、 used to target how the ear works.Dr.Albert says.The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing.We may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic(机械学的)similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that bring abou
12、t hearing.But even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and what is sometimes even more important -will surely help us ask the right
13、 questions.The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK, the countrys only medical research chanty for deaf people.Vivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UK.says, This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafness.The charily will
14、 continue to support culling-edge(尖端的)research through its Fellowship programme at the UCI.Ear institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of securing audical improvements in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of all forms of hearing impairmentThere are nine million
15、 deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as hair, cells.The cells can be images and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and, because the cells dont regenerate, the result is progressive -
16、and irreversible -hearing loss .Damage to these cells can also lead to tinnitus(耳鸣),which affects around five million people in the UK.Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used.Ato target how the ear worksBto study the fruit flyCto stimulate sensory cellsDto amplify sound signals 3.Young A
17、dults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ ScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Aca
18、demy of Sciences (PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good
19、 physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain
20、gets plenty of oxygen ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength . We are also seeing that there are growth factors
21、that are important.”By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 1
22、5 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other th
23、eoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.Which of the following is
24、 an implication of physical fitnessABrain size.BGood logical capacityCClear logical thinkingDMuscular strength 4.15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The di
25、sorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and i
26、rrational fear of social or performance situations, Jerilyn Ross, the associations president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing the
27、mselves, Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance，Ross noted. It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships， she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Rose noted. “But
28、they feel powerless to do anything about it, she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.This is a disorde
29、r that starts affecting people early on1， Pollack said. The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13，and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to2 earlier childhood. The disorder also has physical symptoms，including heart palpitations，feelings that their throat will
30、 close up3，sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didnt want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were emba
31、rrassed by their condition，Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had
32、 received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.People with the disorder think that their fear of _.AjustifiedBbeneficialCbeyond controlDcontrollable 5.Stage Fright Fall down as you come onstage. Thats an odd trick. Not recommended. But
33、it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic, Mr. Feltsman said,All my fright was_（51）. I already fell. What else could happen Today, music schools are addressing the
34、 problem of anxiety in classes that_（52）with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to _（53） stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind. Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, fro
35、m basics like learning pieces inside out, _（54） mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Dont _（55） that youre jittery ,they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience. Psychotherapi
36、st Diane Nichols suggestssome _（56） for the moments before performance, Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,she says.And not one of theseplease dont kill mesmiles. Then _（57） three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, an
37、d make eye contact with them.She doesnt want performers to think of the audience _（58） a judge. Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the _（59） of stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achie
38、ve. When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Clever land Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright.There were times when I got so _（60） I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a _（61） where I thought,If
39、I have to go through this to play music, I think I m going to look for another job. Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that _（62） his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster. It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary
40、pianist Vladimir Horowitzs nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example.They had to push him on stage,Soprano Renata Scotto recalled. _（63）, success can make things worse.In the beginning of your career, when youre scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they dont hav
41、e any _（64）,Soprano June Anderson said.Theres _（65） to lose. Later on, when youre known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose. Anderson added,I never stop being nervous until Ive sung my last note.AdealBwordCenrollDcommunicate 6.Ebola Outbreak 1.Yo
42、u are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 2.
43、 To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries,
44、 your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only a
45、n infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust,
46、weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .T
47、he virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .W
48、hile diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.paragraph 4（）A.Am I at risk of contracting the virusB.Is the current outbreak the deadlinesC.How do I know if I have contracted the virusD.What areas are currently affectedE.What exactly does Ebola do to the bodyF.What caused the Ebola outbreak7.One-third of parents lack facts about child developmentO