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1、2021年广东在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. How much sleep does a person need (31) the physiological bases of the need for sleep remain conjectural (猜想), rendering conclusive answers to this question impossible, much evidence has been gathered
2、on how much sleep people do in fact obtain. Perhaps the most important conclusion to be (32) from this evidence is (33) there is great variability among individuals in total sleep time. For adults, (34) between six and nine hours of sleep as a nightly average is not unusual, and 7.5 hours probably b
3、est expresses the norm. Such norms, of course, forms inevitably vary with the criteria of sleep employed. The most (35) and reliable figures on sleep time, including those cited here, come from studies in sleep laboratories, where EEG criteria are employed. (36) consistently has been associated with
4、 the varying amount, quality, and pattern of electrophysiologically defined sleep. The newborn infant may spend an average of about 16 hours of each 24-hour period in sleep, (37) the sleep time drops sharply; by two years of age, it may (38) from nine to 12 hours. Decreases to approximately six hour
5、s have been observed among the elderly. (39) will be discussed from below, EEG sleep studies have indicated that sleep can be considered to consist of several different stages. Developmental changes in the relative proportion of sleep time (40) in these sleep stages are as striking as age-related ch
6、anges in total sleep time. AunlessBhoweverCalthoughDeven if 2. How much sleep does a person need (31) the physiological bases of the need for sleep remain conjectural (猜想), rendering conclusive answers to this question impossible, much evidence has been gathered on how much sleep people do in fact o
7、btain. Perhaps the most important conclusion to be (32) from this evidence is (33) there is great variability among individuals in total sleep time. For adults, (34) between six and nine hours of sleep as a nightly average is not unusual, and 7.5 hours probably best expresses the norm. Such norms, o
8、f course, forms inevitably vary with the criteria of sleep employed. The most (35) and reliable figures on sleep time, including those cited here, come from studies in sleep laboratories, where EEG criteria are employed. (36) consistently has been associated with the varying amount, quality, and pat
9、tern of electrophysiologically defined sleep. The newborn infant may spend an average of about 16 hours of each 24-hour period in sleep, (37) the sleep time drops sharply; by two years of age, it may (38) from nine to 12 hours. Decreases to approximately six hours have been observed among the elderl
10、y. (39) will be discussed from below, EEG sleep studies have indicated that sleep can be considered to consist of several different stages. Developmental changes in the relative proportion of sleep time (40) in these sleep stages are as striking as age-related changes in total sleep time. AextendBra
11、ngeCalterDrise 3. How much sleep does a person need (31) the physiological bases of the need for sleep remain conjectural (猜想), rendering conclusive answers to this question impossible, much evidence has been gathered on how much sleep people do in fact obtain. Perhaps the most important conclusion
12、to be (32) from this evidence is (33) there is great variability among individuals in total sleep time. For adults, (34) between six and nine hours of sleep as a nightly average is not unusual, and 7.5 hours probably best expresses the norm. Such norms, of course, forms inevitably vary with the crit
13、eria of sleep employed. The most (35) and reliable figures on sleep time, including those cited here, come from studies in sleep laboratories, where EEG criteria are employed. (36) consistently has been associated with the varying amount, quality, and pattern of electrophysiologically defined sleep.
14、 The newborn infant may spend an average of about 16 hours of each 24-hour period in sleep, (37) the sleep time drops sharply; by two years of age, it may (38) from nine to 12 hours. Decreases to approximately six hours have been observed among the elderly. (39) will be discussed from below, EEG sle
15、ep studies have indicated that sleep can be considered to consist of several different stages. Developmental changes in the relative proportion of sleep time (40) in these sleep stages are as striking as age-related changes in total sleep time. AWhatBItCThatDAs 4. How much sleep does a person need (
16、31) the physiological bases of the need for sleep remain conjectural (猜想), rendering conclusive answers to this question impossible, much evidence has been gathered on how much sleep people do in fact obtain. Perhaps the most important conclusion to be (32) from this evidence is (33) there is great
17、variability among individuals in total sleep time. For adults, (34) between six and nine hours of sleep as a nightly average is not unusual, and 7.5 hours probably best expresses the norm. Such norms, of course, forms inevitably vary with the criteria of sleep employed. The most (35) and reliable fi
18、gures on sleep time, including those cited here, come from studies in sleep laboratories, where EEG criteria are employed. (36) consistently has been associated with the varying amount, quality, and pattern of electrophysiologically defined sleep. The newborn infant may spend an average of about 16
19、hours of each 24-hour period in sleep, (37) the sleep time drops sharply; by two years of age, it may (38) from nine to 12 hours. Decreases to approximately six hours have been observed among the elderly. (39) will be discussed from below, EEG sleep studies have indicated that sleep can be considere
20、d to consist of several different stages. Developmental changes in the relative proportion of sleep time (40) in these sleep stages are as striking as age-related changes in total sleep time. Ais spentBare spentCspentDspending 5.下列关于法律规则的论述，正确的是_。A法律规则可分为公理性规则和政策性规则。公理性规则由法律原理构成，而政策性规则则是基于一定的政策考量制定B
21、我国宪法规定：禁止非法拘禁和以其他方法非法剥夺或者限制公民的人身自由，禁止非法搜查公民的身体。该规则属于命令性规则C我国律师法规定：法律援助的具体办法，由国务院司法行政部门制定，报国务院批准。该规则属于委任性规则D我国立法法规定：全国人民代表大会通过的法律由国家主席签署主席令予以公布。该规则属于准用性规则6.法的特征之一：法是具有普遍性的社会规范。这里关于“法的普遍性”的理解，最恰当的一项是_。A法律面前人人平等，任何人都不得有超越法律的特权B法律的内容与人类的普遍要求相一致C法律在国家权力管辖范围内具有普遍效力D法律面临着全球化、一体化的趋势，我国的法律要与国际接轨7.关于法学的性质，下列表
22、述错误的是_。A由于法学在其几千年的发展过程中，已经形成了较为完整的知识体系，并具有自己独特的研究方法，故法学是一门科学B由于法学解决的是人们生活中所面临的问题，要为人们在规则下生活提供精神导向，因此具有人文科学的性质C由于法学以法律现象为研究对象，它考察法的产生、发展及其规律，各种法律规范、法律制度的性质、特点与相互关系，研究法与其他社会现象的联系、区别及相互关系，因此具有社会科学的性质D由于法学考察法的产生、发展及其规律，研究法的内部联系和调整机制，因此具有自然科学的性质8.2001年全国人大常委会作出解释：刑法第410条规定的“非法批准征用、占用土地”，是指非法批准征用、占用耕地、林地等
23、农用地以及其他土地。对该法律解释，下列哪一种理解是错误的_A该解释属于立法解释B该解释的效力与所解释的刑法条文的效力相同C该解释与司法解释的效力相同D该解释的效力具有普遍性9.公司法第154条第2款规定：公司发行公司债券应当符合中华人民共和国证券法规定的发行条件。这一条文属于法律规则中的_。A授权性规则B确定性规则C禁止性规则D准用性规则10.关于法的本质的社会控制论观点的主要代表人物是_。A梅因B韩非C康德D庞德11.根据马克思主义法学的基本观点，下列表述哪一项是正确的_A法在本质上是社会成员公共意志的体现B法既执行政治职能，也执行社会公共职能C法最终决定于历史传统、风俗习惯、国家结构、国际
24、环境等条件D法不受客观规律的影响12.下列关于法的效力的表述哪项是正确的_A法律不经公布，就不具有效力B一切法律的效力级别高低和范围大小是由刑法、民法、行政法等基本法律所规定的C“法律仅仅适用于将来，没有溯及力”，这项规定在法学上被称为“从新原则”D法律生效后，应该使一同之内的所有公民知晓，所谓“不知法者得免其罪”13.下列有关规范性法律文件与非规范性法律文件的区别，表述错误的是_。A规范性法律文件具有普遍的效力，非规范性法律文件不具有效力B规范性法律文件适用的对象是不特定的人，非规范性法律文件则适用于特定的人C规范性法律文件可以反复适用，非规范性法律文件仅能适用一次D规范性法律文件规定的内容
25、是一般的行为模式和标准，非规范性法律文件规定的内容是特定的事项14.按照法律的调整范围，法律可分为_。A根本法和普通法B一般法和特别法C实体法和程序法D成文法和不成文法15.最高人民法院关于审理盗窃案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释规定：各地高级人民法院可根据本地区经济发展状况，并考虑社会治安状况，在本解释规定的数额幅度内，分别确定本地区执行“数额较大”、“数额巨大”、“数额特别巨大”的标准。依据法理学的有关原理，下列表述正确的是_。A该规定没有体现法的普遍性特征B该规定违反了“法律面前人人平等”的原则C该规定说明：法律内容的决定因素是社会经济状况D该规定说明：政治对法律没有影响16.我国刑法第1
26、2条规定：中华人民共和国成立以后本法施行以前的行为，如果当时的法律不认为是犯罪的，适用当时的法律；如果当时的法律认为是犯罪的，依照本法总则第四章第八节的规定应当追诉的，按照当时的法律追究刑事责任，但是如果本法不认为是犯罪或者处刑较轻的，适用本法。这一规定表明我国刑法在有无溯及力问题上采用_。A从旧原则B从轻原则C从旧兼从轻原则D从新兼从轻原则17.下列关于法律部门的表述，正确的有_。A凡是调整同一种类社会关系的法律规范就应该归入同一法律部门B法律的制定和实施是一种客观的事实，因此，法律部门的划分是客观的C同一法律制度只能规定在同一法律部门D法律部门是由规范性法律文件构成的，因此，一个规范性法律
27、文件只能归入同一法律部门18.下列关于法律和政治的说法，表述正确的有_。A政治和法律的控制和调整功能都是通过对主体权利义务的确认和保障实现对社会的控制和调整B总体上，法律的产生和实现往往与一定的政治活动相关，反映和服务于一定的政治，政治活动和政治关系的发展变化必然在一定程度或意义上影响法律内容或价值追求的发展变化C政策与法律的基本指导思想和价值取向是不同的D政策与法律的意志属性是一致的19.法的实施方式按_可以分为法的遵守、法的执行、法的适用。A法的内容B实施法律的主体C履行义务的主体D实施法律的主体和法的内容20.Male chauvinism-the attitude that women
28、 are the passive and inferior servants of society and of men-sets women apart from the rest of the working class. Even when they do the same work as men, women are not considered workers in the same sense, with the need and right to work to provide for their families or to support themselves indepen
29、dently. They are expected to accept work at lower wages and without job security. Thus they can be used as a marginal or reserve labor force when profits depend on extra low costs or when men are needed for war. Women are not supposed to be independent, so they are not supposed to have any right to
30、work. This means, in effect, that although they do work, they are denied the right to organize and fight for better wages and conditions. Thus the role of women in the labor force undermines the struggles of male workers as well. The boss can break a union drive by threatening to hire lower paid wom
31、en or blacks. In many cases, where women are organized, the union contract reinforces their inferior position, making women the least loyal and militant union members. (Standard Oil workers in San Francisco recently paid the price of male supremacy. Women at Standard Oil have the least chance for ad
32、vancement and decent pay, and the union has done little to fight this. Not surprisingly, women formed the core of the back to work move that eventually broke the strike.) In general, because women are defined as docile, helpless, and inferior, they are forced into the most demeaning and mind rotting
33、 jobs-from scrubbing floors to filing cards-under the most oppressive conditions where they are treated like children or slaves. Their very position reinforces the idea, even among the women themselves, that they are fit for and should be satisfied with this kind of work. Apart from the direct, mate
34、rial exploitation of women, male supremacy acts in more subtle ways to undermine class consciousness. The tendency of male workers to think of themselves primarily as men (i.e., powerful) rather than as workers (i. e., members of an oppressed group) promotes a false sense of privilege and power, and
35、 an identification with the world of men, including the boss. The petty dictatorship which most men exercise over their wives and families enables them to vent their anger and frustration in a way which poses no challenge to the system. The role of the man in the family reinforces aggressive individ
36、ualism, authoritarianism, and a hierarchical view of social relations-values which are fundamental to the perpetuation (不朽) of capitalism. In this system we are taught to relieve our fears and frustrations by brutalizing those weaker than we are: a man in uniform turns into a pig; the foreman intimi
37、dates the man on the line; the husband beats his wife, child, and dog.Unfair working status of women also produces negative effects on men in that _.A. men face the threat of being replaced by low wage womenB. men have to deal with womens complaints all the timeC. womens low income often irritate th
38、eir husbandsD. womens inferior working condition worries their husbands21.Large lecture classes are frequently regarded as a necessary evil. Such classes (21) be offered in many colleges and universities to meet high student (22) with limited faculty resource, (23) teaching a large lecture class can
39、 be a (24) task. Lecture halls are (25) large, barren, and forbidding. It is difficult to get to know students. Students may seem bored in the (26) environment and may (27) read newspapers or even leave class in the middle of a lecture. Written work by the students seems out of the (28) .Although th
40、e challenges of teaching a large lecture class are (29) , they are not insurmountable. The solution is to develop (30) methods of classroom instruction that can reduce, if not (31) , many of the difficulties (32) in the mass class. In fact, we have (33) at Kent State University teaching techniques w
41、hich help make a large lecture class more like a small (34) .An (35) but important benefit of teaching the course (36) this manner has involved the activities of the teaching assistants who help us mark students’ written work. The faculty instructor originally decided to ask the teaching assis
42、tants for help (37) this was the only practical way to (38) that all the papers could be evaluated. Now those (39) report enjoying their new status as junior professors, gaining a very different (40) on college education by being on the other side of the desk, learning a great deal about the subject
43、 matter, and improving their own writing as a direct result of grading other students’ papers.21（）A.shouldB.willC.canD.haveto22.To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. One such cause now seeks to
44、 end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal ri
45、ghts movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly
46、woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from of is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. W
47、hen assured that they do, she replied, Then I would have to say yes. Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the publ
48、ic in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those w