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1、2021安徽考研英语考试模拟卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 1In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and
2、middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of etiquette has
3、 contained three elements= basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.In the first category are consideration for weak and respect for age. Amo
4、ng the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.Practic
5、al rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties of other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible, before the handke
6、rchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the so
7、cial equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private lift in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.Provence had become wealthy. The loads had returned to their castles from the crusades, and there the
8、 ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love
9、, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.The ideals of chivalry demanded that（）Aa knight should never have physical relationship with women.Ba knight should inspire his lady to valiant dee
10、ds.Ca knight should dedicate his valiant deeds to a woman.Dromantic people should influence literature.2.Text 2Once free of Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until the first century BC, and provided important continuity for Roman institutions. The
11、 motto S. P. Q. R. -Senatus Populusgue Romanus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman political and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It meant that sovereignty rested in the people themselves, and not in any particular go
12、vernmental form. Yet in many ways the Roman Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at a series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other hand, conducted the business of government including the passage of legislation
13、and the supervision of elected magistrates. Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played out as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary institution comprising an assembly of heads-patres-of old patrician families and late
14、r wealthy members of the citizenry-plebs. The three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and social interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls, elected by the representative assemblies for one-year terms
15、, at the end of which they became members of the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry were little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant had widened appreciably-the former growing in riches and the latter sinking furthe
16、r and further into poverty. Yet the constitutional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together, warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-trained leaders who knew how, above all else, to keep the Republic functioning and
17、alive. It was, in fact, the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next phase of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and industry existed in Rome, unlike Athens, and the quality of life in Rome came to depen
18、d directly upon the wealth of conquered regions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the second century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had thus assumed a position of political dominance in the Hellenistic world. The inter
19、nationalization of culture, evident in Hellenic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its control throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.In the last paragraph, Roman expansion was described vividly, what is the base of the expasion（）AMilitary conquestBSup
20、erior military strategyCThe scientific structure of the societyDAdvanced culture3.Text 2Once free of Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until the first century BC, and provided important continuity for Roman institutions. The motto S. P. Q. R. -Sen
21、atus Populusgue Romanus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman political and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It meant that sovereignty rested in the people themselves, and not in any particular governmental form. Yet in
22、 many ways the Roman Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at a series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other hand, conducted the business of government including the passage of legislation and the supervision of
23、elected magistrates. Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played out as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary institution comprising an assembly of heads-patres-of old patrician families and later wealthy members of th
24、e citizenry-plebs. The three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and social interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls, elected by the representative assemblies for one-year terms, at the end of which t
25、hey became members of the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry were little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant had widened appreciably-the former growing in riches and the latter sinking further and further into pove
26、rty. Yet the constitutional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together, warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-trained leaders who knew how, above all else, to keep the Republic functioning and alive. It was, in fact,
27、 the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next phase of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and industry existed in Rome, unlike Athens, and the quality of life in Rome came to depend directly upon the wea
28、lth of conquered regions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the second century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had thus assumed a position of political dominance in the Hellenistic world. The internationalization of cult
29、ure, evident in Hellenic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its control throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.What kind of social form immediately followed the Roman Republic Age（）AfeudalismBEtruscan dominationCsocialismDimpericalism4.Text 2Once free
30、of Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until the first century BC, and provided important continuity for Roman institutions. The motto S. P. Q. R. -Senatus Populusgue Romanus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman p
31、olitical and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It meant that sovereignty rested in the people themselves, and not in any particular governmental form. Yet in many ways the Roman Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at
32、a series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other hand, conducted the business of government including the passage of legislation and the supervision of elected magistrates. Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played ou
33、t as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary institution comprising an assembly of heads-patres-of old patrician families and later wealthy members of the citizenry-plebs. The three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and s
34、ocial interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls, elected by the representative assemblies for one-year terms, at the end of which they became members of the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry wer
35、e little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant had widened appreciably-the former growing in riches and the latter sinking further and further into poverty. Yet the constitutional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together,
36、 warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-trained leaders who knew how, above all else, to keep the Republic functioning and alive. It was, in fact, the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next pha
37、se of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and industry existed in Rome, unlike Athens, and the quality of life in Rome came to depend directly upon the wealth of conquered regions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the
38、second century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had thus assumed a position of political dominance in the Hellenistic world. The internationalization of culture, evident in Hellenic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its c
39、ontrol throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.What does the word patrician mean in the second sentence of the second paragraph（）APatronBSupporterCGovernmentalDAristocrat5.Text 2Once free of Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until th
40、e first century BC, and provided important continuity for Roman institutions. The motto S. P. Q. R. -Senatus Populusgue Romanus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman political and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It mea
41、nt that sovereignty rested in the people themselves, and not in any particular governmental form. Yet in many ways the Roman Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at a series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other
42、 hand, conducted the business of government including the passage of legislation and the supervision of elected magistrates. Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played out as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary inst
43、itution comprising an assembly of heads-patres-of old patrician families and later wealthy members of the citizenry-plebs. The three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and social interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the st
44、ate were the consuls, elected by the representative assemblies for one-year terms, at the end of which they became members of the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry were little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant h
45、ad widened appreciably-the former growing in riches and the latter sinking further and further into poverty. Yet the constitutional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together, warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-tr
46、ained leaders who knew how, above all else, to keep the Republic functioning and alive. It was, in fact, the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next phase of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and indus
47、try existed in Rome, unlike Athens, and the quality of life in Rome came to depend directly upon the wealth of conquered regions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the second century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had t
48、hus assumed a position of political dominance in the Hellenistic world. The internationalization of culture, evident in Hellenic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its control throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.Which of the following hold the most
49、important position in the Senate（）AConsulsBPlebsCPeopleDPatres6.Text 3It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew