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1、2021北京大学英语考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Right now, Internet phone calls are typically made on a computer, using a special headset or on a phone with a special adaptor. Increasingly, they can also be made over mobile phones, using Wi-Fi technology
2、. Eventually, the companies say, they will be available on all devices, from televisions to iPods to appliances like refrigerators. The idea is that screens and voice technology will be everywhere, bringing your calls to you wherever you happen to be. And the old notion that a phone number is linked
3、 to a specific place is about to disappear. Already, someone in Mumbai can purchase a number with a Manhattan area code and carry it with him wherever he goes. Road warriors can get local, rather than long-distance, dialing rates by making calls with their laptops. The Internet is free, and the tech
4、nologies it is based on are open. That also makes it easier and cheaper for the new telephone companies to offer expanded features. Voice greetings could be customized to each caller, and a different ringtone could flag each member of the family. Bars and clubs could be equipped with a device at the
5、 door that finds your likely match in a computer database and automatically places a call to your potential sweetheart. Like a broadband connection, an Internet phone is always on. For teens, that means mobile phones that allow endless chats with several friends at the same time, or an open hot line
6、 to Mom and Dad. VoIP will mean the end of picking up a phone, talking and then hanging up, Says Paul Saffo, director of the Institute for the Future in Palo Alto, Calif. Which of these features comes to pass, though, is anybodys guess. Experts say VoIP will make the old idea of digital convergence
7、a reality, blurring lines between telecoms, cable, computers and consumer electronics. The race among firms like Samsung, Sony and Apple to invent the next killer apps for consumers will grow more anarchic. And analysts are already speculating about the bizarre merger possibilities: Microsoft, Sony
8、or Google buying a telephone company In a speech late last year, FCC chairman Michael Powell described the Internet phone call as a revolution with profound implications for the telecom industry, and called for a new constitution for the regulation of such services, one befitting that revolution. Sh
9、ortly after that speech, to the delight of Vonage and other upstarts, the FCC announced that VoIP would be regulated like the Internet (that is, lightly) rather than like the rules-heavy old phone system.By the sentence Road warriors can get local, rather than long-distance, dialing rates by making
10、calls with their laptops ,the author wants to say _.A. people fight so as to get back their laptops.B. people who fight in the street strive to make phone calls at a reduced price.C. it is possible for people to get cheap phone rates, thanks to the Internet.D. Internet is changing our life. 2.Since
11、we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among peopl
12、e based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to hea
13、rt disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and coworkers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is st
14、rengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisu
15、re-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support-financial aid, material resources, and needed services-that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with
16、our problems.Interpersonal relationships are important because _.A. they are indispensable to peoples social well-beingB. they awaken peoples desire to exchange resourcesC. they help people to cope with life in the information eraD. they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.3.A r
17、ambling frame building dating back to 1710, the Robert Morris Inn stands three stories high at the foot of Morris street on the riverfront at the public ferry dock. Its size, location and bright yellow color make it the center of Oxford, Maryland, which has retained its small town atmosphere and low
18、 population, thanks to its isolated location. Robert Morris himself, who lived in the house shortly after he came to Maryland in 1738 at the age of twenty-seven was termed a jovial soul, a bon vivant who made friends easily. In 1747, after he had established himself as an important businessman in th
19、e community, he brought over his thirteen-year-old son, who he had left behind in Liverpool with relatives. The junior Robert Morris came to be one of the most important men in the American Colonies.When was the senior Robert Morris born A. 1738 B. 1747 C. 1727 D. 1711After living with his father fo
20、r a few years, the youth was sent to Philadelphia for further study. He made good at once, and by the time he was twenty he was a full partner in the largest mercantile house there. In time he branched out into banking, and the job of financing the American Revolution ultimately fell to him. Without
21、 his efforts, George Washingtons army would have dwindled away in the early days before the young colonies had established a financial system of their own. His activities ranged from the bureaucratic role of Superintendent of Finance to the Congress, to the non-bureaucratic role of paying soldiers i
22、n the field out of his picket.Before the Revolution, Morris was already the richest man in colonial America. He loved the challenge of money and sought to continue his successes after the war was over. He was far from a financial conservative, being inclined, rather, to the grand gesture. As a specu
23、lator he bought up millions of acres from land in the unsettled parts of the new nation and, at one time, held title to almost all the western half of the State of New York.When Congress decided to locate the new capital city on the banks of the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia, he was on
24、 the scene early and brought 7,234 lots within the 100 square mile area. Of the two hundred in Washington in 1,800, he constructed fifty. His ideas for his own housing were grandiose in scale. Deciding upon a very unfrontierlike structure of marble, he hired Major Pierre Charles LEnfant, the designe
25、r of the new City of Washington, to build the Morris Mansion for him. Before it was completed. Morris lost his fortune through overextension, was arrested for debt and imprisoned. The three years he spent in the Philadelphia jail has a certain style about them nevertheless. His visitors included Geo
26、rge Washington, Alexander Hamilton and the Governor of Pennsylvania. He was released in 1801 under terms of the new Federal bankruptcy laws. Thus the man who4.While radio broadcasting was still (31) its early stage the wonder of television was (32) being developed. The first step towards its inventi
27、on was (33) in 1873 but the person responsible for developing (34) was John Logie Baird. In 1926 he gave the (35) of a television picture.A. exhibition B. glimpse C. demonstration D. reviewAs a home entertainment, (36) rapidly became more popular than any (37) form. A news broadcast became more imme
28、diate (38) people could actually see the scene (39) question and the movements of the figures. Films could also be available. One of the advantages of travel programmes was the (40) of far-away places which many viewers (41) not otherwise have seen. (42) much of the entertainment was of a popular (4
29、3) like quiz competitions, some remarkable cultural programmes were also broadcast. Just as (44) radio in earlier days, a group of actors and actresses became familiar in (45) household. (46) of the most popular programmes on television was sport and an interesting (47) of the television broadcast w
30、as the increased (48) at the actual events. How far this was due to a growth in interest (49) the game and how far out of the peoples desire to appear on the (50) is not clear.5.There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Ch
31、oose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as muchC. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much 6.A rambling frame building dating back to 1710, the Rob
32、ert Morris Inn stands three stories high at the foot of Morris street on the riverfront at the public ferry dock. Its size, location and bright yellow color make it the center of Oxford, Maryland, which has retained its small town atmosphere and low population, thanks to its isolated location. Rober
33、t Morris himself, who lived in the house shortly after he came to Maryland in 1738 at the age of twenty-seven was termed a jovial soul, a bon vivant who made friends easily. In 1747, after he had established himself as an important businessman in the community, he brought over his thirteen-year-old
34、son, who he had left behind in Liverpool with relatives. The junior Robert Morris came to be one of the most important men in the American Colonies.What made the Robert Morris Inn the center of Oxford, Maryland A. It was built as early as i710. B. Its unusual size, location and color. C. Robert Morr
35、is once lived in the house. D. It was rebuilt recently.After living with his father for a few years, the youth was sent to Philadelphia for further study. He made good at once, and by the time he was twenty he was a full partner in the largest mercantile house there. In time he branched out into ban
36、king, and the job of financing the American Revolution ultimately fell to him. Without his efforts, George Washingtons army would have dwindled away in the early days before the young colonies had established a financial system of their own. His activities ranged from the bureaucratic role of Superi
37、ntendent of Finance to the Congress, to the non-bureaucratic role of paying soldiers in the field out of his picket.Before the Revolution, Morris was already the richest man in colonial America. He loved the challenge of money and sought to continue his successes after the war was over. He was far f
38、rom a financial conservative, being inclined, rather, to the grand gesture. As a speculator he bought up millions of acres from land in the unsettled parts of the new nation and, at one time, held title to almost all the western half of the State of New York.When Congress decided to locate the new c
39、apital city on the banks of the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia, he was on the scene early and brought 7,234 lots within the 100 square mile area. Of the two hundred in Washington in 1,800, he constructed fifty. His ideas for his own housing were grandiose in scale. Deciding upon a very
40、unfrontierlike structure of marble, he hired Major Pierre Charles LEnfant, the designer of the new City of Washington, to build the Morris Mansion for him. Before it was completed. Morris lost his fortune through overextension, was arrested for debt and imprisoned. The three years he spent in the Ph
41、iladelphia jail has a certain style about them nevertheless. His visitors included George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and the Governor of Pennsylvania. He was released in 1801 under terms of the new Federal bankruptcy laws. Thus the man who7.California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost ev
42、ery type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joa
43、quin Val!ey, the ar id Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance. Contrast abounds in California. The highest point
44、in the United States ( outside Alaska ) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three
45、miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens La
46、ke in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried-up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.Where is the highest point in the United States locate
47、dA. Lake Tahoe. B. Sierra Nevada.C. Mount Whitney. D. Alaska. 8.Right now, Internet phone calls are typically made on a computer, using a special headset or on a phone with a special adaptor. Increasingly, they can also be made over mobile phones, using Wi-Fi technology. Eventually, the companies sa
48、y, they will be available on all devices, from televisions to iPods to appliances like refrigerators. The idea is that screens and voice technology will be everywhere, bringing your calls to you wherever you happen to be. And the old notion that a phone number is linked to a specific place is about
49、to disappear. Already, someone in Mumbai can purchase a number with a Manhattan area code and carry it with him wherever he goes. Road warriors can get local, rather than long-distance, dialing rates by making calls with their laptops. The Internet is free, and the technologies it is based on are open. That also makes it easi