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1、2021年云南职称英语考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of th
2、e earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing
3、 these mysterious high tides The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and pola
4、r (极地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate they would be swallowed by the
5、 sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the m
6、oney for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.The people of Kiribati
7、 worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 18.Robots 1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control
8、software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.
9、3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introduc
10、ing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of
11、 all material published in Japan. 6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased
12、 reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and co
13、nsistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. A Ongoing Research B Extension of Use C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Falling Demand F Hidden Danger 23.Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 5 _ 26. Paragraph 6 _ 27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28. Robots ar
14、e less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _. 30. The use of robots increases _. A too much energy B based on American designs C they are too costly D they are not reliable E quality control F free of charge 19.Bertrand Russell, a famo
15、us philosopher, said in 1944, “The one thing the study of the past teaches us is that the future is never how people imagine it will be.” In 1946, physicists predicted that within twenty years, most of the worlds energy would be supplied by nuclear power. _ (46) In 1951, a famous surgeon said that h
16、e and his colleagues were confident that “by the end of the 1950s, a cure for most if not all cancers will have been found.” In 1954, an American economist predicted Americans would go on getting richer and richer. _ (47). In the year 1969, an automation engineer working for Max Factor Cosmetics in
17、Britain said that “within twenty or twenty-five years factories that today employ hundreds of workers will need only five or ten computer technicians to run them.” _ (48). In the early 1970s, there were many predictions that before the end of the century most homes in the United States, Europe and J
18、apan would have computers in them. _ (49) Long before 1980, it was predicted that instead of letting nature and luck choose their childrens characteristics, people would have to decide which characteristics they wanted their children to inherit from them and previous generations in their families. _
19、 (50) We may be able to have “undesirable” characteristics changed or destroyed through genetic therapy. Perhaps we may even begin to wish that Bertrand Russell was right when he said that history teaches us that the future is never like that future we imagine.A “By the end of the century,” he said,
20、 “there will be no poverty anywhere in the country.”B If this prediction comes true, we will be faced with a much greater responsibility than ever before.C According to the same predictions, this would result in “an information explosion” as well as “radical and revolutionary changes in the way we w
21、ork, learn, and do business.”D When this prediction came true, more people would be killed than ever before.E They were certain that this would not only be “far cleaner than coal and other fossil fuels but far safer and much cheaper.”F He added that this “will lead to enormous social problems for un
22、skilled manual workers in particular, who will be unable to find work.” 20.第二篇 Please Fasten Your SeatbeltsSevere turbulence (湍流) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test flights over the Rocky Mountains, NASA (美国航空航天局) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds bef
23、ore an aircraft hits it.Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去) passengers about the cabin. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines fl
24、ight over the Pacific to drop 300 metres in a few seconds.However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. “It is the only antidote (对策) for this sort of things,” says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.The centres new t
25、urbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser radar, Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique depends on the Doppler effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In
26、calm air, the speed equals the planes airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence. In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repe
27、atedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometres ahead, and its forecasts of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered.Bogue says that he had “ a comfortable
28、 amount of time” to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidars range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial aircraft in the next few years.What does “clear-air turbulence” probably mean (Paragraph 1)AA not very rough storm.BUnexpected dist
29、urbed air.CA kind of visible storm.DA storm over mountain ridges. 21.第三篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim
30、 Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Re
31、search Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants
32、. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America,
33、 irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these pr
34、oblems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are
35、ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in
36、the poorer countries of the world.Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is trueAThey are students at Sussex University.BThey are rice breeders.CThey are husband and wifeDThey are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 22.第一篇 New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 year
37、s, nothing about people not their clothes, ideas, or languages has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the coca tree (可可树)by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very exp
38、ensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so depende
39、nt on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine(饥荒)” of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the
40、opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arab during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was
41、discovered when a person name Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most i
42、n the last 500 yearsAFoodBClothingCIdeology.DLanguage. 23.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (宽容) of American parent
43、s. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are encouraged to be _ (55) at an early
44、age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _ (58) their parental fami
45、lies by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live _ (62) t
46、he age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely wi
47、th neither an occupation nor a close family group.AseniorBjuniorColdD young 24.The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, whic