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1、2021吉林在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.一经济管理杂志刊登的文章提出：在对外经济交往中不能一味好让不争。在必要的时候，也要用“反倾销”的武器来保护自己。除哪项以外，下面都是对上述观点的进一步论述A一些国家频频对我国的某些产品提出“反倾销”，而我国却常常把市场拱手让人。B某外国公司卖的某商品的价格远远低于专家推算的成本价。C“反倾销”是一把双刃剑，可能影响我国的商品出口。D某外国公司计划用高额的代价取得在我国彩电市场上的绝对优势。2.“打猎不
2、仅无害于动物，反而对其有一定的保护作用。” 以上观点最有可能基于以下哪个前提A许多人除非自卫不会杀死野生动物。B对经济困难的家庭来说，打猎也是一种经济来源。C当其他食物缺乏时，野生动物会偷吃庄稼。D当野生动物过多时，减少其数量有利于种群的生存和发展。3.有车的人都知道，从短期看，在小型维修和日常保养上缩减开支可能省一笔钱，但从长远角度看，这样做成本很大。然而，这样一个基本的道理却经常被那些呼吁政肘减少社会项目开销的人所忘记。 下面哪项不是上面对比所暗含的意思A花在维修和保养上的费用能保证车辆持续地发挥功用。B车主们可以带着侥幸的心理不去进行车辆的维修和保养。C为了让车能一直正常行驶，通常须要对
3、车进行维修。D一辆车只能使用有限的时间，然后必须淘汰掉。4.青少年如果连续看书时间过长，眼睛近视几乎是不可避免的。菁华中学的学生个个努力学习。尽管大家都懂得要保护眼睛，但火多数的学生每天看书时间超过10小时，这不可避免地导致连续看书时间过长。其余的学生每天看书也有8小时。班主任老帅表扬的都是每天看书时间超过10小时的学生。 以上的叙述如果为真，最能得出以下哪项结论A菁华中学的学生中没有一个学生的视力正常，大家都戴近视镜。B每天看书时间不满10小时的学生学习不太用功。C菁华中学的学生比其他学校的学生学习更刻苦。D得到班主任老师表扬的学生大部分是近视眼。5.相传古时候某国的国民都分别居住在两座坚城
4、中，一座“真城”，一座“假城”。真城里的人个个说真话，假城里的人个个说假话。一位知晓这一情况的国外游客来到其中一座城市，他只向遇到的该国国民提了一个是非问题，就明白了自己所到的是真城还是假城。 下列哪个问句是最恰当的A你是真城的人吗 B你是假城的人吗 C你是说真话的人吗 D你是这座城市的人吗 6.一袋10磅的新鲜土豆一般值2美元，而脱水的速食土豆平均每磅值3美元。可以得出结论，一些消费者为了方便愿意支付15倍的价格，因为这种方便食品的销量在持续增加。 下面哪项如果正确，则指出了上面的论证有较大的缺陷A购买方便的两磅一包的新鲜土豆每袋1美元，或者说比10磅一包的新鲜土豆贵2.5倍。B因为新鲜土豆
5、有80%的水分，每磅脱水土豆相当于5磅新鲜土豆。C罐装的削了皮的土豆也比相对不方便的土可贵。D1960年以来脱水土豆的零售价格已经下降了20%，达到了日前的每磅3美元的水平。7.下列句子中标点符号用法有误的一项是：A华而不实，脆而不坚。自以为是，老子天下第一，“钦差大臣”满天飞。这就是我们队伍中若干同志的作风。这种作风，拿了律己，则害了自己；拿了律人，则害了别人；拿了指导革命，则害了革命。B我从事本题研究的初期，就觉得要解决这个困难问题，应当从研究家养动物和栽培植物着手；果然没有使我失望，我经常获得动物因由家养而变异的知识，虽然还不够完备，但总可以为处理这个问题和其他一切复杂事件提供最良好最可
6、靠的线索。C这一片天地好像是我的；我也像超出了平常的自己，到了另一个世界里。我爱热闹，也爱冷静；爱群居，也爱独处。D我深信生物的种不是不变的；所谓同属的种，都是其他大概已经灭亡的种所传下来的直系后代；而现在认为同种的各项变种，都是这同种的后代。8.下列有关文学常识的表述，不正确的一项是：A荷马，古希腊诗人，作品有伊利亚特、奥赛罗。B白居易，字乐天，晚年号香山居士，祖籍太原，著有白氏长庆集。C冰心，原名谢婉莹，著有诗集繁星、春水和散文集寄小读者，其中繁星、春水受印度诗人泰戈尔的影响较大。D诗经是我国古代最早的一部诗歌总集，起初称做诗，收录从周初(公元前11世纪)到春秋中期(公元前7世纪)的作品共
7、305篇，包括风、雅、颂三部分，以四言诗为主，普遍运用赋、比、兴的手法。9.下列各组词语中加点字的读音，完全相同的一组是：A落落寡合落井下石落拓不羁失魂落魄B安步当车当仁不让锐不可当独当一面C屡见不鲜鲜为人知寡廉鲜耻鲜衣美食D随机应变应接不暇应有尽有应运而生10.对下面句子的修辞手法及其作用的表述，不正确的一项是：A有的人活着，但他已经死了。有的人死了，但他还活着。用了对比修辞手法，突出表现了鲁迅精神不死。B这是整个宇宙吗不，这是构成宇宙的一个微不足道的小点点。用了反问修辞手法，突出说明“这”并不是整个宇宙。C“友邦人士”从此可以不必“惊诧莫名”，只请放心来瓜分就是了。用了反语的修辞手法，怒斥
8、了帝国主义对中国的侵略和腐败政府的软弱无能。D夺取全国胜利，这只是万里长征走完了第一步。用了比喻的修辞手法，生动地说明了夺取全国胜利的历史意义。11.依次填入下面文字中横线处的关联词语，最恰当的一项是： 有人认为，文章以朴素为贵，_能把一个意思说得清楚明白就行了，不必花力气去打扮。 对于这种意见要分析一下。_是说文章的修辞应当先求准确，应当恰如其分，不要矫揉造作_是对的。_以为随随便便就叫做朴素，实际上使朴素变成了简陋和寒伧，那是我们所反对的。A如果 如果 无疑 假如B只要 即使 当然 假如C只要 如果 当然 如果D如果 即使 无疑 如果12.下列各句中，加点成语使用正确的一句是：A当时我蛰居
9、陋巷，性尧伉俪来访，仓促之间，不能招待，耿耿于怀，不能自已，屈指计之，整四十年。B他写了一部描写农民现状的小说空槐以后，便一发而不可收拾。C中美双方经过长达二十几个月的九轮磋商之后，终于就中美知识产权问题达成协议，已于今日缔结城下之盟。D朱先生年幼时，经常蹲在教室窗下听父亲讲课，父亲无意间发现，便让他登堂入室，成为最年幼的学生。13.下列加点字的释义全部正确的一组是：A结(结束)业B解乏(缺乏)娇生惯(纵容养成不良习惯)养腹背(后面)受敌高谈阔(宽、广)论翻(爬过)山越岭C盛典(典礼)D殊(特殊的)荣持(坚持)之有故万(很多)不得已饱(充分地)经沧桑处(存，居)心积虑14.填入横线上最恰当的一
10、句是： 国家开发大西北的伟大工程已经启动，国内外的大量财力、物力和技术将投向西北五省区，西北地区将出现空前繁荣的新局面。可是，我们五省区的人民能否因此而坐等繁荣局面的到来呢还要不要发扬自力更生、艰苦奋斗的光荣传统呢_。A显然，我们不能这样去认识B如果我们缺乏主人翁的态度，就可能作出错误的回答C十分明显，我们的回答是肯定的D只要想想我们的美好远景，我们应该认识到：这个问题必须认真考虑15.阅读下面短文，回答问题。 帽子语 16.阅读下面短文，回答问题。 帽子语 17.阅读下面短文，回答问题。 帽子语 18.阅读下面短文，回答问题。 帽子语 19.阅读下面短文，回答问题。 帽子语 20.It sh
11、ows how economic and social and, above all, political changes have played their part, so that, correctly _, the postage stamp in which millions of people, young and old, find pleasure, knowledge and even profit, has always been a faithful mirror of the. times.AinterpretingBinterpretedCto be interpre
12、tedDbeing interpreted 21.Man: Id like to sign up for some voluntary work with the environment council. I hear its a great way to connect with the community.Woman: It sure is, but youll have to put in a lot of hours. So you must leave some room in scheduling your time.Question: What does the woman im
13、plyAVoluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community.BThe mans voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.CVoluntary work with the environment council requires a time commitment.DA lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment council. 22.D
14、irections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage OneThe Warranty Holdings Group, a European leader in mechanical breakdown insurance and a researcher and commentat
15、or on trends in motoring, says that the motorists world 20 years from now will be marked by more cars, more choice and more technology. Built-in safety features will increase and will include night-vision and collision-avoidance system, and monitoring devices to stop drivers falling asleep at the wh
16、eel. A growth in tele-working and home shopping should cut the numbers of trips in a car made by most motorists and fun sports cars will become popular as private motoring becomes more recreational in nature. The survey results show that despite years of research into alternative fuel sources for ve
17、hicles, no clear winner has emerged for a replacement for the conventional petrol-engined car. Gas and electricity are the best possibilities, with Toyotas design division in Japan claiming it already has an electric car that will drive up to 250kin on a single charge. However, while electric and hy
18、brid powered vehicles will be far more in evidence in the future, it will take a major technological breakthrough to steer the car industry away from its current path of gradual improvements to the petrol-driven internal combustion engine. Professor Garel Rhys, of the Cardiff Business School in Wale
19、s, says engine fuel injection systems of the future will be far more frugal than anything that exists at the moment. It will be like putting a pipette of petrol into the cylinders, rather than just throwing it in by the bucket load, which is almost what we do at the moment when you compare it with w
20、hat could be possible. Some environmentalists point to the Twingo, the small car developed by Frances Renault company, to show that what could be achieved by the worlds car industry if it moved away from a trend towards bigger and more powerful cars and radically cut the fuel consumption of its prod
21、ucts. Public opinion polls in many countries show motorists wanting access to this kind of environmentally-aware car. A prototype environmental car, the SMILE (smaller, intelligent, lighten, efficient) has been put together by the environmental group Greenpeace. The group hopes the concept will catc
22、h on. It depends heavily on supercharging or forcing fuel mixture into the cylinders at higher than normal pressure. Some experts say this is a good way to extract high performance and high fuel efficiency from small engines. Cutting the fuel consumption has had no negative effect on the handling or
23、 performance of the car, according to the designers. Top speed, flexibility and acceleration from the engine is as good or better than the original Twingo. They say the technology used to create the Twingo SMILE could just as easily be used on other brands of car. What remains to be seen is whether
24、the enthusiasm of environmental designers catches on with the dollar-driven international car industry, and whether motorists back up with their chequebooks their desire for greener cars.Which of the following is true about the motorists world 20 years from now AThe number of cars will reduce as mor
25、e people work and shop at home.BPeople will only use cars for recreational purposes.CCars will be better equipped to enhance bigger safety.DFun sports cars will be the mainstream of car industry. 23.Passage TwoConventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich worl
26、d can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not
27、emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed worlds environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants well-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions
28、might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say,
29、have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty. But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about in
30、disputable harm being caused today by, above all, contaminated water and polluted air. The survey will argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm. In
31、most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra
32、 people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also
33、 immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will. Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritati
34、on: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A World Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $ 54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the countrys GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of
35、these cities income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.It is conventionally thought that _. Aonly rich countries can afford to care about environmental problemsBdeveloping countries should also be thinking about the environmentCe
36、nvironmental problems exist only in the rich worldDrich countries have not paid enough attention to the health of the planet 24.Passage ThreeA chain of shops in East Yorkshire, England has been told that it would be a criminal offence to sell thousands of tubes of toothpaste made by a leading French
37、 manufacturer simply because the small print giving the firm importing it does not include the letters UK. Under cosmetics regulations implementing 25 separate European Union instructions, unless the address is London, which is a major city, the letters UK must be added. The suppliers response, when
38、 Gordon Rodgerss A2Z chain asked them to take back the toothpaste, was that this would pose no problem, because trading standards officials elsewhere in Britain do not bother about such fault-finding to a very minute detail. A2Z, which sells a range of more than 10 000 household items from its 14 di
39、scount stores in Hull and East Yorkshire, first stumbled into these mysterious requirements of cosmetic labelling when summoned by East Yorkshire trading standards officials on a criminal charge of selling tubes of the same brand of toothpaste, Mentadent, designed for the South African market. These
40、 carried the name of a German distributor but no UK supplier. The council had no complaint about the toothpaste itself. It is common and legal practice for supermarkets and discount stores to buy up a wide range of branded products packaged by leading European and American manufacturers for non-EU m
41、arkets. These can then be sold at prices lower than those recommended for identical products in Europe, which are only more expensive because EU consumers can supposedly afford to pay more. Council officials were quick to point out that they support the contribution this gray economy makes to health
42、y competition. The only problem was that importers details must be given by the regulation formula. For a major city such as London only a postcode is necessary, but for other cities and towns the letters UK must be added. When A2Z asked how it was expected to examine the small print on the labellin
43、g of each of 10 000 products it carries, East Yorkshire replied that it was up to the firm to improve the quality of their inspection procedures. A2Z then supplied the council three weeks running with examples of similar products carrying illegal labelling, bought from major supermarkets in the same
44、 area, asking why these large firms were not also prosecuted. The council said it did not have the resources to chase up every case of illegality, to which Mr. Rodgers responded that he did not have the resources to improve the quality of their inspection procedures, which the council was asking of
45、him. Last week his firms case was adjourned.Why did Gordon Rodgerss A2Z chain have trouble with East Yorkshire Council AThey sold fake product.BThey sold stolen goods.CThe product they sold was incorrectly labelled.DThey were not licensed to sell this product. 25.Passage TwoConventional wisdom has i
46、t that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. Tru
47、e, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed worlds environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants well-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when