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1、2021北京公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Not all trips are holidays. For example, when people travel on business, they don’t have the time or the peace of mind to enjoy themselves. But when people take a vacation, do they always have funTh
2、e fact is some people who travel for pleasure get no pleasure from it at all. Others, who travel because they must travel, have a lot of fun doing it. What makes one trip more enjoyable than anotherAny trip can be enjoyable if it is well planned. Every minute that you spend planning your trip may sa
3、ve ten minutes of trouble during your trip. It may also add an hour of pleasure!Many resorts and cities around the world are popular during some months of the year and less popular during other months. Find out if the places you are visiting have an in season and an off season. This may help you dec
4、ide when you want to go.There are some very good reasons to travel during the off-season. Usually everything is much cheaper. It is also less crowded, of course. If you don’t have a lot of money or if you don’t like crowds of tourists go in the off-season.Some places are not as exciting
5、during the off-season. The weather may be too cold or too hot. The beaches may be closed. Hotels and restaurants may be shut. Be sure to find out before you go.There was a time when a person could decide to leave the country on Monday and get on a boat on Tuesday. Now everyone must give a passport t
6、o go abroad. It is not hard to get a passport, but you should ask for one a few months before you begin your journey. To get one, you must have your birth certificate or another legal document to prove that you are a citizen. You will probably also need to bring a few photographs of yourself and som
7、e money. For more information call or write the passport office.Sometimes you need a visa to visit a country. If a visa is necessary you can ask for one at the country’s embassy. Sometimes getting a visa takes many months, so it is very important to plan early. The same is true of health certi
8、ficates. For this information it is a good idea to call or write the embassies. You may also get a lot of other useful information from them.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs ()AWhen people travel on business, they are also on holiday.BWhen people take a vacation, they always have fun.
9、CNot all people on holiday get pleasure from it.DAll trips are holidays.2.We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but, because it is inherited, there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended), tribal group and
10、 even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学) can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees. Pedigrees (家谱) based on such genetic markers can mean a break-through for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to
11、 adoption, illegitimacy or lack of records. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.The main objective of
12、 the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the w
13、orld genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.In the meantime, as the databa
14、se is being created, molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals. For example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample
15、 of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome (染色体), explains George Green, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.If two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor, ().Awe can decide according to their family t
16、reeBwe can find the truth from their genetic markersCwe can compare the differences in their Y chromosomeDwe can look for written records to prove their relationship3.It was 3:12 a.m. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the crackling of flames somewhere below t
17、here was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin, Long Island.With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke filled house to push and pull at Ka
18、ren and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each one through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.The nine-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother’s room. He found it im
19、possible to wake her up. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy remained calm and, as a fireman said later, acted with all the self-control of a trained adult.On the bedroom telephone, luckily still wording, Glenn
20、 called his father and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service, got on with the task of saving his mother.First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the gar
21、den.He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground floorGrasping firmly a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother’s room. Tyin
22、g one end of the string to her hand he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the garden.Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan: The string will lead you to mother. Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedro
23、om floor.What did Glenn do to protect himself ()AHe put a wet cloth around his head.BHe threw water all over himself.CHe hid himself in the bathroom.DHe rushed out to the lawn.4.M: Hi, Ms. Rowling. How old were you when you started to write, and what was your first bookW: I wrote my first finished s
24、tory when I was about 6. It was about a small animal, a rabbit I mean, and I’ve been writing ever since.M: Why did you choose to be an authorW: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you
25、to do it. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing.M: Do you have any plans to write books for adultsW: My fast two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one, but I never really imagine a target audience when I’m writing. The ideas come firs
26、t, so it really depends on the idea that grabs me next!M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter hooks come fromW: I’ve no idea where ideas come from and I hope I never find out. It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny little wrinkle on the surface of my brain which
27、 makes me think about invisible train platforms.M: How do you come up with the names of your charactersW: I invented some of the names in the Harry books, but I also collect strange names. I’ve gotten them from medieval saints, maps, dictionaries, plants, war memorials, and people I’ve m
28、et!According to Ms. Rowling, where did she get the ideas for the Harry Potter books ()AFrom a book.BShe doesn’t really know where they originated.CFrom her children.DFrom her families.5.Although many governments try to convince their respective subjects that atomic energy is an acceptable alte
29、rnative (21) the burning of fossil fuels, no government has taken the least trouble to explain the dangers. Maybe they are (22) them. (23) the reason, the public must learn by experience, even though this (24) may be catastrophic.While it is true that nuclear reactors do not produce visible smoke, i
30、t is certainly not (25) that they do not pollute. And the pollution they produce is much more insidious precisely because it is (26) .(27) inconvenient it may be for governments to publish all the facts, they have no moral excuse for not doing so, (28) they think they are acting in our best interest
31、. At least some of the facts are known, even though they are not widely reported.Nuclear reactors produce radioactive water and gases in vast (29) . What (30) all this waste It is (31) concrete tanks and stored on tank farms. It is (32) in disused salt mines. It is run into fractured rock. It is bur
32、ied. It is (33) about in special trains. But even when dumped, it has to be kept (34) by sprinklers to stop it from boiling. And the contents of the tanks are, of course, extremely corrosive. The efforts of a fracture in the tank or a failure of the cooling system would be (35) .While every effort i
33、s made to (36) that radioactive wastes do not escape into the sea or (37) supplies of drinking water, such a leakage would be too horrible (38) contemplate. But even then, governments would, presumably continue to belittle the hazards.It seems that (39) governments can get away with not telling the
34、truth, they will continue to keep silent. Nevertheless the people (40) to know the full facts. Do you know what happens to the radioactive waste in your country No Wellfind out!25().AuntrueBunrealCtrueDdistrue6.Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, usedwhat a culture produces. Exa
35、mining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot h
36、ear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instr
37、uments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development
38、of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources durin
39、g the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespr
40、ead, on the music culture as a whole.One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other development
41、s. This is all part of the information revolution, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.Which of the following best summarize
42、s the main idea of the passage ()AMusical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.BMusic cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.CFolk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.DThe development of music cu
43、lture is highly dependent on its material aspect.7.Not all trips are holidays. For example, when people travel on business, they don’t have the time or the peace of mind to enjoy themselves. But when people take a vacation, do they always have funThe fact is some people who travel for pleasure
44、 get no pleasure from it at all. Others, who travel because they must travel, have a lot of fun doing it. What makes one trip more enjoyable than anotherAny trip can be enjoyable if it is well planned. Every minute that you spend planning your trip may save ten minutes of trouble during your trip. I
45、t may also add an hour of pleasure!Many resorts and cities around the world are popular during some months of the year and less popular during other months. Find out if the places you are visiting have an in season and an off season. This may help you decide when you want to go.There are some very g
46、ood reasons to travel during the off-season. Usually everything is much cheaper. It is also less crowded, of course. If you don’t have a lot of money or if you don’t like crowds of tourists go in the off-season.Some places are not as exciting during the off-season. The weather may be too
47、 cold or too hot. The beaches may be closed. Hotels and restaurants may be shut. Be sure to find out before you go.There was a time when a person could decide to leave the country on Monday and get on a boat on Tuesday. Now everyone must give a passport to go abroad. It is not hard to get a passport
48、, but you should ask for one a few months before you begin your journey. To get one, you must have your birth certificate or another legal document to prove that you are a citizen. You will probably also need to bring a few photographs of yourself and some money. For more information call or write t
49、he passport office.Sometimes you need a visa to visit a country. If a visa is necessary you can ask for one at the country’s embassy. Sometimes getting a visa takes many months, so it is very important to plan early. The same is true of health certificates. For this information it is a good idea to call or write the embassies. You may also get a lot of other useful information from them.Why does the writer advise you not to tra