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1、Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause（定语从句）（定语从句）1.什么是定语和定语从句？什么是定语和定语从句？ 定语从句定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语是在名词或名词性短语前对其进行是在名词或名词性短语前对其进行修饰和限制的成分修饰和限制的成分2.定语从句的位置？定语从句的位置？He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词引导词引导词引导词引导词关系代词关系代词:关系副词关系副词:who, wh
2、om, that, which, whose aswherewhenwhy定语从句一般放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面定语从句一般放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面1.The fan which you want is on the desk.2.The army dug out the people who were trapped in the ruins.3.The magazine which has been taken away is mine.注意翻译顺序注意翻译顺序主句主句 The fan is on the desk 主句主句The army dug out the people 主句
3、主句 The magazine is mine 指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人；物人；物主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省which物物主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省who人人主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省whom人人宾语宾语可省可省whose人；物人；物定语定语不可省不可省1.that1)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.人人 主语主语2)The noodles( that) I cooked were delicious.物物 宾语宾语that 指人指人/物，作主
4、语或宾语物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略） The woman who/ that lives next door is a teacher.1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door. 在下列情况下在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has rea
5、d.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。5.当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只
6、能用当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.2. which 1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. 2) The fish (which )we bought were not fresh. 物物 主语主语物物 宾语宾语 可省可省which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省作宾语可省略略, 如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省) A plane is a
7、machine which/ that can fly. 1 A plane is a machine.2 The machine can fly.It was written by Laoshe.Jane has borrowed the book. Jane has borrowed the book that/which was written by Laoshe.3.关系代词关系代词: who和和whom1). who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person wh
8、o steals things is called a thief.2). whom指人指人, ,作宾语作宾语 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略) )The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.Do you know the man who spoke just now?Do you know the man?He spoke just now.The girl is from America.I called her just nowThe girl (whom ) I called just now is from America. The lady (
9、who/ whom) we met yesterday is Miss Green. 1 The lady is Miss Green.2 We met her yesterday.1. This is our monitor whose English is very good. 2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”. whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。用来指人或物，只用作定语。4.关系代词关系代词 whoseDo you know the girl whose hair is very s
10、hort in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. Which house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。房顶是棕色的房子是我的。1.The house is mine.whose roof is brown2.The house is brown ismine.the roof of which
11、3.The house is brown is mine .of which the roof 1.The eggs _ were in the basket were not fresh.2.The friend_ came to supper last night wasnt hungry.3.The noodles _ you cooked were delicious.4.He saw a house _ windows were all broken.which/thatwho/that(which/that)whoseFill in the blanks with who, who
12、m, whose, which and that.1.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. that2. Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week? A. who B. in which C. which D. whenA/DC5.Choose the best answer3. Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that ac
13、cident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. thatBThe relative adverb (关系副词）关系副词）Referring to Function in the clausewhen(=at / in/ on which)where (=in/ at which)why(= for which)time时间状语时间状语place地点状语地点状语reason原因状语原因状语关系副词关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词名词,并在定语从句中作并在定语从句中作时间状语时间状语,相当相当于于“介词介词+关系代词关系
14、代词(which)”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.when = on which =on the dayTheyll never forget September 1 when they went into high school.The days when we were children are gone forever.There was a time when the businessman lost heart.where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词名词,并在定语从句中作并在定语从
15、句中作地点状语地点状语, 相当相当于于“介词介词+ 关系代词关系代词(which)”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.where = in which = in the houseWere just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.where特殊的先行词特殊的先行词situation, point, position, case, activity，scene, stage, degree, condition, 要注意具体情况具
16、体分析，作主语、宾语要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用和表语用that / which，作状语用，作状语用where1. There are many reasons why people like traveling. why = for which = for the reasons2. Is this the reason why he refused (拒绝）拒绝）our money?why = for which =for the reason关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词why关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分a
17、、This is the place where he works.This is the place which(that)we visited last year.b、That was the time when he arrived.Do you still remember the days that (which)we spent together?c、This is the reason why he went.The reason that (which)he gave us was quite reasonable.1.The mines _ I worked were 9km
18、 from my home.2.The reason _ I got a job was because of my hard work.3.The time _ I arrived was late at night.4.The government building _we voted was very tall.5.The date _ I joined the ANC Youth League was 5th of August.wherewhywhenwherewhen5. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.6. Ill n
19、ever forget the days _ we spent together.7. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when /in whichwhichwhere/ in which8. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.9. This is the reason _ he was late. 10. This is the reason _ _ he gave. whichwhy/ for whichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词“介词介词+关系代词
20、关系代词”的用法的用法1)The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. = The school _ _ he once studied is very famous. (他曾经就读过的学校很出名他曾经就读过的学校很出名.)in which【小结小结】关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语，从句常常由语，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导。引导。2) This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. = This i
21、s the boy _ _ I played tennis yesterday. (这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩.)3)This is the watch for which I am looking .(改错改错)This is the watch which I am looking for.with whom_【小结小结】含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词后面介词仍放在短语动词后面,如如:look for, look after, take care of, look at ,listen to等。等。“介词介词+关系代词
22、关系代词“前还可有前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或数词。等代词或数词。He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。好。【I can】用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空1.This is the classmate _ whom Ill go to the cinema.2.The subject _ which Im most interes
23、ted is English.3.The year _ which he was born was 1984.4.I”ll never forget the day in which I went to college.(改错改错)5.The necklace(项链项链) you borrowed to me wasnt expensive at all.(改错改错) within_inon_fromthat/which1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you li
24、ke the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ i
25、s the Yellow River.8. The tower _people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.under whichof whichfrom whichto whomof whichas与与which均可引导非限
26、制性定语从句，有时可均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换以互换.区别如下：区别如下：1. as引导的引导的非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句可位于可位于句首句首和句末和句末,“正如，正像”; which引导的从句不能放在句引导的从句不能放在句首首,翻译成“这”。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.Mary was late for school, which made our teacher angry.as 即可指人即可指人/ /物。在从句中可做主语，宾语。物。在从句中可做主语，宾语。2.2.当从句和主句语义一致时当从句和主句语义一致时, ,用用a
27、s, ,反之则用反之则用whiche.g.She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected4. 必背的必背的as 的习惯用语的习惯用语as we know / expect / can see 正如我们知道正如我们知道/期盼期盼/看见的那样看见的那样 as we had expected as is well known (to us all) 众所周知众所周知as often happens 正像经常发生的那样正像经常发生的那样as is often the case 情况往
28、往如此情况往往如此as is mentioned above 如上所述如上所述as has been said before 如前所述如前所述as will be shown in Fig 3 将如图将如图3所示所示as is reported 正如报导的那样正如报导的那样 as was expected 正如预料的那样正如预料的那样 3. suchas和和同样的同样的; the same as像像一样的一样的e.g. Mr. Lee is such a good teacher as we all like. I have the same plan as you have.Mr. Lee
29、is such a good teacher as we all like.Mr. Lee is such a good teacher that we all like him.比较比较 分析分析定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句He told us such a funny story that we all laughed . I have never heard such funny stories as he told .That is the same bike as I lost. That is the same bike that I lost. the same as 同一类
30、同一类the same that 同一个同一个1. It rained hard yesterday,_prevented us from going to the park.A. that B.which C.as D. it 2._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which B. As C.That D.What 3. Chongqing is not the same city _ we have seen in other places. A. that B. which C. 不填不填 D. as BBD