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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 必修 1考点要求考点要求 随着世界经济的发展，环境问题也日益随着世界经济的发展，环境问题也日益严峻。极端天气越来越多，严峻。极端天气越来越多，2012年美国遭遇年美国遭遇半个世纪以来最严重的干旱，中国多地也遭半个世纪以来最严重的干旱，中国多地也遭遇极端暴雨天气。关注环境成了全世界人民共同的选择。因此，关遇极端暴雨天气。关注环境成了全世界人民共同的选择。因此，关于环境问题方面的写作也成了高考的高频考点。如于环境问题方面的写作也成了高考的高频考点。如2012年和年和2011年年福建卷以及福建卷以及2011年江西卷都涉及到了这一
2、话题。本书从此单元开始年江西卷都涉及到了这一话题。本书从此单元开始至后面两个单元将围绕此话题设计晨背内容。至后面两个单元将围绕此话题设计晨背内容。 一、话题常用词汇必背一、话题常用词汇必背1常用单词常用单词(1)action n 行为行为(2)desire n. 渴望渴望(3)harmony n. 和谐和谐(4)environment n. 环境环境(5)existence n. 生存生存(6)energy n. 能量；能量； 精力精力 (7)consider v. 考虑考虑 由词连句由词连句背词汇、学连句，让作文丰满起来背词汇、学连句，让作文丰满起来 (8)pour v. 倾倒倾倒(9)ha
3、rm v. 对对有害有害(10)pollute v污染污染(11)threaten v. 威胁威胁(12)totally adv. 完全地完全地(13)badly adv. 严重地严重地(14)effective adj. 有效的有效的(15)severely adv. 严重地严重地(16)lowcarbon adj. 低碳的低碳的(17)reusable adj. 可再使用的可再使用的(18)renewable adj. 可再生的可再生的2常用短语常用短语(1)result in导致导致(2)adjust to 适应适应(3)in ones view 在某人看来在某人看来(4)take me
4、asures 采取措施采取措施(5)to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是使事情更糟糕的是(6)prevent . from . 阻止阻止免于免于(7)form a habit of . 养成养成的习惯的习惯(8)leave .behind 把把抛于脑后抛于脑后(9)be ashamed of 对对感到羞耻感到羞耻二、连词成句并背诵二、连词成句并背诵按括号中的要求，添加适当的词连词按括号中的要求，添加适当的词连词成句成句1in my view, something, be, done, solve this problem, in no time (用被动语态用被动语态)
5、答案：答案：_ _2not only . but also ., they, harm, themselves, cause trouble, others (用倒装句式用倒装句式)答案：答案：_ _Not only do they harm themselves but also theymay cause trouble to others. In my view, something must be done to solve this problem in no time.3the first thing, we, do, consider, whether . or ., good,
6、 others, our society (用定语和宾语从句用定语和宾语从句)答案：答案：_ _4time, us, take measures, prevent . from ., earth, get warmer (用用it 作形式主语作形式主语)答案：答案：_ (Its time for sb. to do sth.)_ (Its high time that .)Its time for us to take measures to prevent theearth from getting warmer.Its high time that we took measures to
7、prevent theearth from getting warmer. The first thing we should do is to consider whether it is good to others or our society.由句连篇由句连篇背佳句、学衔接，让作文流畅起来背佳句、学衔接，让作文流畅起来 一、话题写作佳句必背一、话题写作佳句必背1We have been cutting down too many trees, which causes birds and animals to lose their natural habitats.我们一直在砍伐过多的
8、树木，这使鸟类和动物失去了它我们一直在砍伐过多的树木，这使鸟类和动物失去了它们自然的栖息地。们自然的栖息地。2Water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use.水资源已经被污染得如此严重，以至于一些水已经不适合水资源已经被污染得如此严重，以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或使用。饮用或使用。3Its high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.到了我们应该高度重视环境保护的
9、时候了。到了我们应该高度重视环境保护的时候了。4If we human beings dont take action to protect the earth from now on, well have nowhere to live in the future.从现在起，如果我们人类不采取措施保护地球，我们在将从现在起，如果我们人类不采取措施保护地球，我们在将来将没有地方生存。来将没有地方生存。 二、连句成篇并背诵二、连句成篇并背诵(选用选用“therefore, meanwhile, as far as Im concerned, besides, for example”过渡词衔接成
10、文过渡词衔接成文) Our environment is getting worse and worse. , we have been cutting down too many trees, which causes birds and animals to lose their natural habitats. , towns and cities are pouring rubbish into the river. , factories are pouring waste water into the river. , water sources have become so b
11、adly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use. , its high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment. If we human beings dont take action to protect the earth from now on, well have nowhere to live in the future.For exampleMeanwhileBesidesThereforeAs far as Im
12、concerned.写出下列必考单词写出下列必考单词1.法则，原则，原理n. _2.质量，品质n. _3.报酬，奖金，奖赏n.vt. _4.共和国,共和政体n. _5.人类n. _6.同盟,联盟,联合会n. _7.舞台,阶段,时期n. _8.毛毯,毯子n. _9.乐意的,自愿的adj. _10.总统,会长,校长,行长n. _principle qualityreward mankind league stage blanket willing republic president .写出下列单词的变化形式写出下列单词的变化形式1.活跃的，积极的 adj._不积极的adj._活动n._2.残忍，
13、残酷n._残忍的,残酷的adj._残忍地,残酷地adv._3.教育,训练v._教育n._有教养的，受过教育的adj._教育者n._4.慷慨,大方n._慷慨的,大方的adj._慷慨地,大方地adv._5.献身,专心于v._忠诚,专心n._忠实的,深爱的adj._6.和平,平静，安宁n._和平的，宁静的adj._和平地，宁静地adv._activeinactiveactivitycrueltycruelcruellyeducateeducationeducatedgenerositygenerousgenerouslydevotedevotiondevotedpeacepeacefulpeacef
14、ullyeducator7.法律的,依照法律的adj._非法的adj._非法地adv._8.暴力的,凶暴的adj._暴力n._9.公平的,公正的adj._不公平的,不公正的adj._10.平等的，相等的adj._平等地，相等地adv._平等，相等n._fairunfairviolence violent illegallyillegallegalequalequallyequality活学活用用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.A child receives its early _ at home. A well _ mother will have a great influence on he
15、r child，s future. (educate)2.Although he is quite old, he leads an _ life. His _ include tennis and painting. (act)3.After years of fighting the people longed for _.They wanted to live _.(peaceful)4.The _ master beat Tom heavily with a whip. He couldn，t stand being treated _.(cruelty)5.He was _ and
16、he treated them with _ and thoughtfulness. (generously)6.Mr.Johnson was a _teacher because he had had his teacher _ for more than ten years. (quality) 7.The old teacher all his life to his students and he was admired for his_to his cause. (devote; educate)答案：答案： 1.education; educated 2.active; activ
17、ities 3.peace,peacefully 4.cruel; cruelly 5.generous,generosity 6.qualified,qualification7.devoted, educate, devoted, devotion,education, 2主题串记主题串记请根据词性和汉语提示写出除请根据词性和汉语提示写出除“terror”之外含有之外含有“恐惧恐惧”含义的高频单词含义的高频单词(1) vt.使惊恐；吓唬使惊恐；吓唬vi. 惊恐；害怕惊恐；害怕(2) vt.& vi. (使使)恐慌恐慌 n. 恐慌；惊慌恐慌；惊慌(3) vt. 使恐惧；使害怕使恐惧；使害怕(
18、4) vi. (恐惧地恐惧地)尖声大叫尖声大叫(5) vi. (因害怕等因害怕等)发抖；哆嗦；震颤发抖；哆嗦；震颤frighten panicscarescreamtrembleRead the passages of this unit.lTask1: Find out the following phrases;lTask 2：Find out the following sentences;l1)The attributive clauses with a prep. before it. 2)An inverted sentence ;(倒转句）l3)A personification
19、 sentence ;(拟人句）.翻译下列必背短语翻译下列必背短语1.献身于 2.为而死3.反对而战 4.第一个登上月球的人5.向某人提供关于的指导6.在上很大方 7.因为而感激某人8.付学费 9.对更有希望10.最大数量的 11.被置于一个境地12.在某方面违法 13.以暴制暴14.被关进监狱 15.实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想 16.sth. come back to sb.翻译下列必背短语翻译下列必背短语1.在危险、痛苦等处境中在危险、痛苦等处境中 _2.设立，建立 _3.丧失信心或勇气 _4.事实上 _5.使充气，爆炸 _6.失业 _7.被判处(徒刑) _8.担心，担忧 _9.上台，当权
20、 _。In troubleset uplose heartas a matter of factblow upout of workbe sentenced toworry about/be worried aboutcome to power活学活用根据括号中的解释，用恰当的短语完成下列句子。1.A group of people _ an organization to support him. (formed)2.She failed this time, but she did not _.(feel discouraged)3.There is no point in _ thing
21、s that you can，t change. (be anxious about)4.She _for a year. (be jobless, be without work)5.After _,he carried out a series of reforms. (control politically) 6.I thought the work would be difficult. _,it，s very easy. (in fact, actually)答案：答案： 1.set up 2.lose heart 3. worrying about 4.has been out o
22、f work ing to power 6.As a matter of fact.语篇领悟语篇领悟根据课文Elias Story完成下列短文Nelson Mandela, 1 (bear) on July 18,1918,is the 2 (one) black president of South Africa. He studied 3 after he entered university. Then in 1952 he set up 4 law office to help poor black people. Because of his fight 5 the governme
23、nt and anti-black laws, he 6 (sentence) to five years of hard labour. After that he formed ANC Youth League. Fighters from ANC began 7 (blow) up buildings in 1963 and he was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island. Twenty seven years 8 ,he was freed by the white government. In 1993 he was ma
24、de president of South Africa 9 the government by and for the black people was 10 (final) set up.devote found vote attack blow escape educate beg reward sentence .单元重点动词单元重点动词活学活用用上述动词的适当形式填空。1._ in a most famous university in the United States,George formed a special way to solve the problems he cam
25、e across and finally became an outstanding scientist. 2.The People，s Republic of China _ in 1949 by Mao Zedong and the old revolutionaries.3.The United States _ by some terrorists on September 11,2001.4.Tom _ for having saved an old man with a cash bonus.5._to his husband, she never makes close frie
26、nds with other men.6.The criminal managed _ from the country after the court _ him to life imprisonment.答案：答案： 1.Having been educated 2.was founded 3.was attacked 4.was rewarded 5.Devoted 6.to escape, sentenced .重点句型重点句型1. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.(P38)第一次我向（参观）小组谈论（罗本岛监狱的情况）时，心
27、第一次我向（参观）小组谈论（罗本岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。里觉得很不好受。“the first/second/last time+从句”“某人第一次/第二次/最后一次的时候”活学活用模仿造句。(1)我第一次见到他时，就认为他诚实可信。_ (2)我第一次见到他的时候,他正在为一个老人免费修单车。_答案：答案： （1）The first time I saw him, I thought him honest and reliable.（2）The first time I saw him, he was repairing a bike for an old man for free.
28、2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(P34)只有在这时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。只有在这时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。Only+状语+部分倒装。 其中状语可以是副词，介词短语或状语从句等。 模仿造句。(1)只有他父亲回来了他才睡觉。_ (2)只有通过大叫他才能使人们听到他。_ 答案：答案：（1）Only when his father came back did he go to bed.（2）Only by shouting was he able to make himself hear.语篇领悟语篇领悟
29、根据课文Elias Story完成下列短文Nelson Mandela, 1 (bear) on July 18,1918,is the 2 (one) black president of South Africa. He studied 3 after he entered university. Then in 1952 he set up 4 law office to help poor black people. Because of his fight 5 the government and anti-black laws, he 6 (sentence) to five ye
30、ars of hard labour. After that he formed ANC Youth League. Fighters from ANC began 7 (blow) up buildings in 1963 and he was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island. Twenty seven years 8 ,he was freed by the white government. In 1993 he was made president of South Africa 9 the government by a
31、nd for the black people was 10 (final) set up. Nelson Mandela was really a great man!答案：答案： 1.born 2.first 3.law 4.a 5.against 6.was sentenced 7.to blow/blowing 8.later 9.and 10.finally .考点活用考点活用用本单元所学词组、句型翻译下列短文。 Tom是一个活跃而又拥有好品质的男孩。但是现在是一个活跃而又拥有好品质的男孩。但是现在他的家庭陷入了困境，因为他的父母都失业了。所以他的家庭陷入了困境，因为他的父母都失业了
32、。所以他很担心他的家庭不能支付他的学费了。但是，他很担心他的家庭不能支付他的学费了。但是，Tom没有失去信心。他愿意去自己挣钱。有一天，一个男没有失去信心。他愿意去自己挣钱。有一天，一个男人叫人叫Tom帮助他对付帮助他对付Jack。尽管。尽管Tom充满了恐惧并且充满了恐惧并且知道这可能会犯法，他为了实现挣钱的梦想还是同意知道这可能会犯法，他为了实现挣钱的梦想还是同意了。事实上，了。事实上，Tom不但使用了暴力，而且炸毁了不但使用了暴力，而且炸毁了Jack的房子。结果，的房子。结果，Tom被送进了监狱并被判了五年的劳被送进了监狱并被判了五年的劳役役.高考总复习高考总复习人教版人教版英语英语 To
33、m was an active boy and had good qualities. But now his family was in trouble because his parents were out of work. So he was worried that his family would be unable to pay his school fees. However, Tom didn，t lose heart and was willing to make his own money. One day, a man asked Tom to help him fig
34、ht against Jack. Although Tom was full of fear and knew it would break the law, he agreed in order to realize his dream of making some money. As a matter of fact, Tom not only fought with violence, but also blew up Jack，s house. As a result, Tom was put in prison and sentenced to a period of five ye
35、ars of hard labor.(127 words)1.What qualities does a great person have?(P33)一个伟人应具备哪些素质？一个伟人应具备哪些素质？即学即练即学即练阅读下列句子，说出各句中quality的意思。(1)He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.(2)Quality is more important than quantity.(3)The quality of iron is hardness; the quality of sugar is sweetness.
36、 答案答案: (1)(人的)品质(可数) (2)质量(和数量相对,不可数) (3)特点，特性自主学习自主学习2.He fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way. (P33)他以和平的方式他以和平的方式,为祖国摆脱英国的统治而斗争。为祖国摆脱英国的统治而斗争。fight vt.和战斗，和打架/作战 词语拓展词语拓展fight for 为而战 fight against 与作战，和作斗争 fight back 还击，忍住 fight with 与作战，与并肩作战 即学即练将下列句子译成英语。(1)在战争中，英国与
37、德国作战。_ (2)若是敌人来了，我们就还击。_(3)为了祖国,战士们勇敢地与侵略者斗争。_答案答案: (1)Britain fought against Germany in the war.(2)If the enemy comes, we，ll fight back.(3)The soldiers were fighting bravely against the invaders for their country. 3.I had to leave, because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the
38、 bus fare.(P34)我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。 归纳总结continue的意思是 “继续,持续”,它可作及物动词,后接名词、动名词或不定式。 它还可作不及物动词,表示 “继续(下去)，持续(下去)”。 即学即练根据括号中的提示完成下列句子。(1)We_(继续我们的行程),thinking to see him later.(2)After I had graduated I_.(继续致力于研究工作)(3)He _(继续工作)as if nothing had happened.(4)After a shor
39、t break _(演出继续进行).答案答案: (1)continued our journey (2)continued to devote myself to research (3)continued working (4)the play continued4.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.(P34)那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能要坐牢。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能要坐牢。 词语拓展(1)break(out of) prison 越狱(2)be in
40、 prison 在狱中，被监禁(3)go to prison 入狱(4)be taken to prison 被关进监狱(5)put/cast/throw sb. in prison 把投入监狱即学即练选用上述短语完成下列小片段。 Tom （1）_once （2）_ for killing his wife.After he （3）_ for three years, he tried （4）_. However, the police captured him and thus he（5）_ again.答案答案: (1) was, (2) put/thrown/cast in prison
41、, (3) had been in prison,(4) to break out of prison, (5)was taken to prison 5.because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(P34)因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。词语拓展equal adj.相等的，平等的equal n.平等的人或物(可数)equally adv.相等地，平等地equality n.平等be eq
42、ual to 相当于，能胜任，能应付 即学即练根据括号中的提示完成下列句子。(1)All men are born _,so everyone hopes to be treated _ because _ is the essential demand. (equal)(2)Women are demanding_.(同工同酬)(3)Women are still struggling for_.(男女真正平等) (4)Mary is_(与相当)Bill in brains.(5)I，m_.(不称职)答案答案: (1)equal equally equality (2)equal pay f
43、or equal work (3)true equality with men (4)quite equal to (5)not equal to the position6.Elias went to see Mandela when he was in trouble.(P35)伊莱亚斯有麻烦事的时候伊莱亚斯有麻烦事的时候,就去找曼德拉帮忙。就去找曼德拉帮忙。词语拓展be in trouble 身处困境ask for/look for/borrow trouble 自找麻烦,自讨苦吃have trouble(in）doing sth. 做某事很费力make trouble 闹事,捣乱get
44、 into trouble 陷入困境get out of trouble 摆脱困境put sb to the trouble of doing sth. 给某人增添做某事的麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事尽心做某事 即学即练选用上述短语填空。(1)I，m sorry _ working out such a difficult figure. (2)Don，t _ to break the rules of the company.(3)Jack _ because he killed the master，s pet dog. (4)Our teacher
45、s _great _collect all the information for us.(5)I ， m sorry to say that you don ， t give us any help. Instead, you are _.(6)Don ， t hesitate to come to me whenever you_. 答案答案: (1)to have put you to the trouble of (2)ask for trouble (3)got into trouble/was in trouble (4)took trouble to (5)making trou
46、ble (6)are in trouble 7.All the terror and fear of that time came back tome.(P38)我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。阅读下列句子,注意 fear的词性和意思。I fear (that) he is going to die.（fear v .担心）There was a look of fear in his eyes.(fear n .恐惧)词语拓展for fear of 由于怕，以防 for fear that 惟恐,以防，怕的是 in fear 惊恐地 in fe
47、ar of 害怕，担心 即学即练将下列句子译成英语。(1)由于怕失业，我没有勇气结婚。_ (2)她很担心，生怕孩子会受到伤害。_ (3)我惊恐地闭上了双眼。_ 答案答案: (1)I did not have the courage to get married for fear of losing my job.(2)She was worried for fear that the baby would be hurt.(3)I shut my eyes in fear.如何写好简单句如何写好简单句(5)There be 句型There be句型是由“there+be+主语”构成，用以表达存
48、在关系。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。一般地说，全句意为：“某地有某物/某人。”如：There are about four thousand students in our school.温馨提示：温馨提示：学生受汉语的干扰，会运用一些汉式表达。请观察下列句子：(1)There are two boys are waiting for you.(去掉第2个are或在boys 后加who)(2)There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.（去掉There
49、are）写作步步高写作步步高在第一句中，如去掉第2个are，waiting for you是现在分词短语作定语修饰two boys；如在boys 后加who，who are waiting for you是定语从句修饰two boys。第二句如果不去掉there are，句子结构就非常混乱。另外，除了be, live, stand, come, go, lie, exist等动词也能用于这个句型来代替be，表示存在。在there引导的存在句中，谓语有时态和情态变化。如：There stand two huge trees in the middle of the park.Once upon
50、a time there lived an old king in the town.There is/lies a river in front of my house.There used to be a school here.这里过去曾经有一所学校。There happened to be no buses that day.那天碰巧没有车。There seems/seemed to be something wrong with the machine.机器似乎出了毛病。There must be a use for my talent.天生我才必有用。温馨提示：温馨提示：在书面表达