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1、1六合区实验初中六合区实验初中龙龙Unit1-Unit3Unit1-Unit32Grammar 1 We use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past(在一个确切的过去时间在一个确切的过去时间).Past present Eddie was born four years ago.3We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and still have so
2、me connection with the present与现在有一些联系与现在有一些联系. Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. Eddie has lived with Millie for four years. He has cleaned our classroom.(Its clean now.) presentPastPastpresent4 years4一、现在完成时的构成、现在完成时的构成1现在完成时的现在完成时的肯定句肯定句句型句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数）主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+have 主语（第三人称复
3、数）主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去过去分词分词 主语（第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数） +has We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework.52现在完成时的现在完成时的否定句否定句句型句型 主语主语+have/has+not+过去分词过去分词+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing .6现在完成时的现在完成时的一般疑问句一般疑问句句型句型 Have/Has+Have/Has+主语主语+ +过去分
4、词过去分词+ +. . Have you finished the work? Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here? Has she arrived here? Yes, she has./No, she hasnt. Yes, she has./No, she hasnt.7Unit 14 4现在完成时的现在完成时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句句型句型 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+have/has+主语主语+ +过去分词过去分词+ +. .How many times have you been How many times
5、have you been to the Great Wall?to the Great Wall?8 have/has been to 曾经去过某地 have/has gone to 已经去了某地 have/has been（ in ） 已经在某地多久1.He ( ) the USA twice.2.Where is Tom? He ( )the bookshop.3.Sandy ( ) Nanjing for a long time. has been tohas gone tohas been in9完成时中的延续性动词与非延续性动词完成时中的延续性动词与非延续性动词 .延续性动词延续性
6、动词表示能够延续的动作表示能够延续的动作,如：如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间一段时间,for 2 years; since从句从句,since he came here; since+时间点时间点名词名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for
7、a long time等。等。 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。词与非延续性动词。 10 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? . 非延续性动词非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不表示不能延续的动作能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立
8、即结束。这种动作发生后立即结束。 如如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例例:He died 5 years ago. 例例: He has died. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I haven
9、t heard from him for 3 weeks.11.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换： borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish / endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there, begin / startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed, diebe dead , leavebe away（from）,go to schoolbe in school / be
10、 a student, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost, becomebe, return / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember of, join the armybe in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy
11、 ,go (get) out be out， put on wear 121.The old man died 4 years ago. a. The old man has been dead for 4 years. b. It is 4 years since the old man died. c. Four years has passed since the old man died. 2.2.HeHe joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years. 3.3.I bought the book
12、5 days ago I have had the book for 5 days. 1314构成构成Many peopleEnglishEnglish.by many people.15A recordera recorder use inin ourEnglish class every day.16 FootballA camerais often playedall over the world.for taking photos.17A man-made satelliteA banksend up last yearwas robbedyesterday.was sent upsp
13、ace last year.into18must plantThe treeThe groundbe covered withmust beplanted on theground.will becovered with in a few years time. trees19 dig(挖)The earthThe food eat upis beingdug now.has beeneaten up already.20Football is played all over the world.A camera is used for taking photos.A bank was rob
14、bed yesterday.A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.The tree must be planted on the ground.The ground will be covered with trees in a few years time. They will be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will be given by Mr. Wang soon.The earth is being dug now.The food has been eaten u
15、p already.21 一般过去时一般过去时： was / were + vt.p.p. 一般将来时一般将来时: will be / be going to be + vt.p.p. 情态动词情态动词：must /can /could /may + be + vt.p.p.现在进行时现在进行时: be (am / is / are) + being + vt.p.p.现在完成时现在完成时: have / has +been + vt.p.p.被动语态的构成被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p.被动语态：被动语态：主语是动作的承受者主语是动作的承受者 。22主动语态如何改成被动语态？主动语态如
16、何改成被动语态？2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。谓语动词。do3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。注意保持时态和人称的一致。 4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词须加适当的介词: to, for.be done23pass, show, send 此类动词有：此类动词有：注注: 1. 不及物动词（不及物动词（vi.)不用被动语态不用被动语态。buy如如：givebe given to 此类动词还有：此类动词还有：e.g. happen, a
17、ppear, disappear24 e.g. A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词连系动词(后加形容词后加形容词)（Link.v.)不用不用被动语态被动语态。 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become e.g. Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds 3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态不用被动语态 。 e.g. The pen _(write) very fast.writes This kind of sweater _(sell) well. sells252627 ChineseI A new bike is spoken by manywas boughta new bikeyesterday. Many people speak Chinese.people.yesterday.28The boss made him do the heavy work in the old days.heavy work in the old days.to dowas made Hethe29