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1、非谓语动词 语法讲解非谓语不定式不定式 to do 分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing)过去分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词现在分词(-ing)非谓语动词分类动词动词-ing形式形式 It was reported that she was the first person _(become) a US-dollar billionaire by writing books. to become At the age of six, she began _ (write) . The story of a rabbit interested her sister and her friends.
2、Since then the desire _(create) more stories has never left her.to writeto create _(make) a living, she once worked as a teacher _(teach) English.To maketo teach Once travelling by train, a lovely boy happened_ (attract) her attention, then she decided _(write) her famous book Harry Potter.to attrac
3、tto write不定式不定式不定式的构成不定式的构成不定式的基本用法不定式的基本用法不定式的否定与省略不定式的否定与省略不定式的构成不定式的构成语态时态主动式被动式一般式to do进行式完成式to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done(1). 主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for / of sb) to do sth.It is +
4、a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2). 表语表语 PredicativeMy jobisYour
5、 task _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式宾语形式宾语
6、4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 巩固练习2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补宾补 Complement五看五看 w
7、atch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to doI made him do his work.He _by me.S
8、ee sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定语定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is no
9、thing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olym
10、pics 2008.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live inv其它的情况：其它的情况：v1 1）如果是序数词或者中心词被序数词修）如果是序数词或者中心词被序数词修饰，用不定式作定语饰，用不定式作定语 a .I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole.b. The last one to come pays the bill.v2) )名词是抽象名词，用不定式作定语，常名词是抽象名词，用不定式作定语，常见的有：见的有：ability, chance, idea, excuse， reply, bel
11、ief, reason, attempt等。等。va. He has the ability to read and write.vb. I have no chance to go to college. 表目的：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致（常翻译成主语要一致（常翻译成“为了为了”） To save money, every means has been tried.
12、 To save money, he has tried every means. 6.6.作状语作状语wrongright表结果：表结果：vHe arrived late to find the train gone.v常用常用only放在不定式前表示强调：放在不定式前表示强调：va. I visited him only to find him out. b. I hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed. 表原因：表原因： They were very sad to hear the news.特别补充：特别补充：v1.
13、be.enough to dovHe is old enough to finish this task.v他足够大以至于能完成这项任务。他足够大以至于能完成这项任务。v2.too.to.(太太.而不能而不能.).)vHe is too young to go to school. 他年纪太小他年纪太小,还不能上学还不能上学 但是，但是，如果如果too 后面跟形容词：后面跟形容词：ready, easy, pleased, glad, willing,eager等时等时，含义却，含义却相当于相当于very(十分，非常），十分，非常），此时此时too前面前面还有还有only/but用以加强语气。
14、用以加强语气。a. I am only too glad to help others.b. She is only too pleased to go.1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.1. 作主语作主语2. 作表语作表语3. 作宾语作宾语4. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5. 作定语作定语6. 作状语作状语在句
15、中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式Tense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)(
16、(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telli
17、ng D. to have been told巩固练习33. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weavewho, whi
18、ch, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.( (表语表语)
19、 )不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用:关于省略关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不不定式一般省略到定式一般省略到to，但是如果后面有，但是如果后面有be，have要保留。要保留。 e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.-Hasnt he finish
20、ed writing the report?-No, but he ought to have .1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to巩固练习4不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, ex
21、cept, besides后时后时,如如果这些介词前有行为动词果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么那么介词后的不定式不带介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带相反则带to.v(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry)v(2). I have no choice but_. (go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleep.7.7.下列常用短语用作独立成分下列常用短语用作独立成分to be honest=honestly speaking（说实话）（说实话）to
22、be exact=exactly speaking（准确的说，精确的说）（准确的说，精确的说）to be frank=frankly speaking（坦白的说）（坦白的说）to tell (you) the truth（说实话）（说实话）to be honest with you（跟你说说话吧）（跟你说说话吧）to begin/start with（首先，开始）（首先，开始）to make matters worse(更糟糕的是更糟糕的是)to be brief（简言之）（简言之）to make a long story short（长话短说;总而言之 ）.vhad better+ (not
23、) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事vWhy (not) do sth.?vprefer to do/prefer doingvprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bvprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bvwould rather (not) do sth.vwould rather do A than (do) Bvwould rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式）v （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做 (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teac
24、her was made _ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so
25、.to have told 1. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She
26、cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海上海14) A.to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said
27、 _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good f
28、or the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learn B. to learn C. l
29、earned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Ive wor
30、ked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D.
31、 not to makeAssignment:1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do all the exercise in the paper.不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：v(1)动宾关系动宾关系 vI have a lot of work to do. v(2)主谓关系主谓关系 vHe is always the first to come.
32、v(3)同位关系同位关系vWe all have a chance to go to college.vhad better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事vWhy (not) do sth.?vprefer to do/prefer doingvprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bvprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bvwould rather (not) do sth.vwould rather do A than (do) Bvwould rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去
33、式）v （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to leave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize, know用在用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not
34、to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this mornin
35、g so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The A
36、rctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B. learning C. to be learne
37、d D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, m
38、aking B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. p
39、lanned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.B.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?C.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning ti
40、ll night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.B.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.C.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he stud
41、ied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect
42、 C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what
43、to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned
44、 up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating
45、11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ t
46、o the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to makev1.To see you is glad. =
47、Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see youv9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.v10. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）
48、（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成分和疑问词连用和疑问词连用Gerund一一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. 时态和语态时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语三三. 在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作定语作定语
49、4. 作表语作表语Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is believing. e.g. -What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。
50、vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.v类似的还有：vIt is no good doing sth.vIt is no use doing sth.I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语: Vt. Prep.+doing下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine,