《【高分指导】2015中考(人教版)英语复习+第一部分+第9讲+动词的时态和语态课件(共42张PPT).ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《【高分指导】2015中考(人教版)英语复习+第一部分+第9讲+动词的时态和语态课件(共42张PPT).ppt(42页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第9讲动词的时态和语态一、用恰当的时态完成句子,每空一词1.Nancy often _ (go) swimming in summer.2.She _ (join) the school dancing club last year.3.Listen! Someone _ (sing) in the next room.4.Mom _ (cook) when I got home yesterday.5.I want to know what the earth _ (be) like in 100years.6._ you ever _ (be) to Guangzhou?Yes.I hav
2、e been there twice.goes joined is singing was cooking will be Have been 二、单句改错1I buy a new shirt yesterday._2When we reach there, they work for a long time.3 The child not allow to play computer games beforefinishing homework._4Jane go to school by bus._5The meeting holds next week._buybought workha
3、ve worked not allowis not allowedgogoes holdswill be held _年份考点题型2014过去进行时(was working)现在完成时(has done)被动语态(will be found)单项填空 31单项填空 36单项填空 392013被动语态(was reported )现在完成时(have spent)单项填空 42单项填空 432012过去进行时(was cooking)被动语态(is supplied )现在完成时(have been)单项填空 31单项填空 35单项填空 39再现中考动词的时态题1(2014 年广东)I didn
4、t see you at the beginning of theparty last night.I _ on my biology report at that time.AworkedCwas workingBworkDam working点拨选C。根据时间状语at that time可知是表示在过去的某一时间点的动作,应该用过去进行时。故选C。题2(2014年广东)What do you think of the new foreignteacher Thomson?Pretty good.I think he _ a great job so far.AdoesChas doneBd
5、idDwas done点拨选C。so far (至今为止)表明是描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,应该用现在完成时。故选C。题3(2012年广东)Jenny _ in the kitchen when youcalled her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cookingCcooksBwas cookingDcooked 点拨 选B 。根据时间状语从句 when you called her at 5oclock this afternoon 可知是表示在过去的某一时间点的动作,应该用过去进行时。故选B。被动语态题1(2014 年广东)Although Fl
6、ight MH370 has beenmissing for months, I do believe it _ some day in thefuture.Awill findCwill be foundBwont findDwont be found点拨选C。由句子前面的 Flight MH370 可知主语是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态,且时间是in the future,应该用将来时。故选C。题2 (2013年广东)It _ last week that the haze (雾霾)in Beijing caused many problems.A.reportsCis reportedB
7、reportedDwas reported点拨选D。it is reported that.表示“据报道”,由句中的 last week 可知应该用一般过去时。故选D。题3(2012 广东)Hot water_ in the students flatsfrom 5 pm.to 7 pm.now.AsuppliesCsuppliedBis suppliedDwas supplied点拨选B。由句子前面的hot water 可知主语是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态,且时间是now,应该用一般现在时。故选B。句子种类含 be 动词含行为动词肯定句主语am/is/are其他 主语do/does其他否定
8、句主 语 am/is/are not其他主语do/doesnot do其他一般疑问句Am/Is/Are 主 语 其他?Do/Does主语do其他?动词的时态一般现在时1结构2.用法(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,常与 seldom, often,usually, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays 等时间状语连用。如:I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点上学。(2)表示客观真理和科学事实。如:The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。(3)在时间和条件状语从句中代替
9、一般将来时。如:Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空,我将和她去购物。种类构成方法例词一般情况直接加-sworkworks stopstopslooklooks readreads以 s, x, o, ch, sh结尾的词加-esmissmisses fixfixeswatchwatches dodoes以 “ 辅 音 字 母y”结尾的词把 y 变 i ,再加-escrycries hurryhurriesdrydries carrycarries3动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则注意:(1)be 动
10、词的三种形式:am, is, are(2)特殊:havehas典题分析题(2012年大理 )What does your mother do to keephealthy, Tim?She usually _.A.swimC.is swimmingBswimsDto swim 点拨 选B 。句意:“蒂姆, 你母亲做什么来保持健康?”“她通常游泳。”根据句意和副词usually可知本题应用一般现在时,故选B。用法例句表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态His friend was at work yesterday.他的朋友昨天在工作。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作, 常与 often, al
11、ways 等表示频度的时间状语连用We often went to work by bus lastyear. 去年我们经常乘公共汽车上班。一般过去时1结构:主语动词过去式其他2用法构成方法例词一般情况直接加-edrainrained cleancleanedwatchwatched以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词,只加-dlivelived likelikedmovemoved以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-eddropdropped stopstoppedplanplanned以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,应变 y为 i 再加-edcarrycarried study
12、studiedcrycried3.动词过去式的变化规则规则动词不规则动词:不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律性不强,只能分别记忆。典题分析题(2014 年长沙)Your brother is an excellent basketballplayer.So he is.He _ to play basketball three years ago.Ahas startedBstartsCstarted点拨选C。根据时间状语 three years ago可知用一般过去时 started,故选C。用法例句表示目前正在进行的动作,常与now, at the moment 等时间状语连用。当有 l
13、isten, look 等提示词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时Listen! She is singing in the nextroom. 听!她正在隔壁房间唱歌。表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作We are going over the lessons thesedays.这些日子我们在复习功课。趋向动词 come, go, leave, fly 等用现在进行时表示将来They are leaving for Englandtomorrow.他们明天要去英国。现在进行时1结构:主语am/is/are动词-ing 形式其他2用法构成方法例词一般情况在词尾加-inglistenlis
14、tening dodoingstudystudying以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词,去 e 加-inghavehaving makemaking以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ingrunrunning getgettingbeginbeginning以字母 ie 结尾的动词,变 ie 为y 再加-ingdiedying lielying3.现在分词的变化规则典题分析题(2013 年舟山)I have to be off now.My friends_ outside.AwaitChave waitedBare waitingDwere waiting点拨选B。hav
15、e to be off 的时态为一般现在时,为了说明离开的原因,应用现在进行时,故选B。句意:我现在必须走了。我的朋友们正在外面等着呢。用法例句表示将要发生的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有 soon, next time,tomorrow, from now on 等Fish will die without water.离开水,鱼就会死。表示“主观意愿,打算”用 begoing to;根据迹象推测将要发生的事情也用 be going toHe is going to learn English nextterm.下学期他打算学英语。Look at the black clouds! Its g
16、oing torain.看那些乌云!马上要下雨了。一般将来时1结构主语助动词 will/shall动词原形其他主语am/is/are going to动词原形其他2用法典题分析题(2014 年安徽)Mr.Wang has left for Guangzhou. He_ a speech there in two days.A givesCwill giveBgaveDhas given点拨选C。句子最后出现关键词 in two days,“in一段时间”表将来,故选C。用法例句表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,可与 just, already, yet, ever, never, befo
17、re 等时间状语连用I have seen the filmalready. 我已经看过这部电影了。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的 动 作 或 状 态 , 常 与 “since 时 间点”“for时间段”等时间状语连用He has learned Englishfor three years. 他学英语三年了。现在完成时1结构:主语have/has动词过去分词其他注意:过去分词的变化规则基本与过去式变化相同,有些特殊变化需单独记忆。2用法3.现在完成时中的一些重要用法(1)非延续性动词和延续性动词非延续性动词可用于完成时态,说明某个动作的结果还存在,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,也不
18、能用于 how long引导的特殊疑问句中。如果时间状语表示一段时间,要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如:I have had the book for two days.这本书我买了两天了。(用had 而不用 bought)He has been in Beijing for two weeks.他来北京两周了。(用been in 而不用 come to)have arrived/comehave been inhave lefthave been awayhave closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave m
19、arriedhave been marriedhave begunhave been onhave boughthave hadhave borrowedhave kepthave joined/taken part inhave been a member ofhave finishedhave been over注意:常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转化如下表:用法例句have/hasgone to强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”,人还未回来Has he gone to Qingdao ?他去青岛了吗?have/hasbeen to强调“去过某地”,人已经回来了Have you been to
20、 our townbefore ?你以前曾经去过我们镇吗?have/hasbeen in强 调 “ 一 直 待 在 某地”,常与一段时间连用He has been in Guangzhousince 1989.他自从 1989 年就待在广州了。别(2)have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响,与现在有关;一般过去时只是说明动作是在过去发生的,强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作,与现在无关。如:He has studied English for five years.他学英语五年了
21、。(说明他现在还在学)He studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。(只说明他过去学过五年英语,但现在学不学就不知道了)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。(3)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别题1(2014年长沙)Jim isnt in the classroom.Where is henow?He _ the library.Awill go toChas gone toBhas been toDgoes to 点拨 选C 。句意:“吉姆不在教室里面,他现在在哪儿?”“他去图书馆了。”has gone to
22、 表示现在不在说话的地方,符合句意。故选C。典题分析题2(2012年聊城)Do you know the Englishman?Yes.I _ him for two years.Aget to knowCknewBhave knownDgot to know点拨选B。句意:“你认识这个英国人吗?”“是的,我已经认识他两年了。”for two years 表明应该用现在完成时,故选B。过去进行时1结构:主语was/weredoing其他2用法:表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作,常与 at this time yesterday, from 9 to 11 last night 等时
23、间状语连用。如:I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.昨天上午我一直在做作业。题(2013年菏泽 )Linda, I called you this morning, butnobody answered the phone.Im sorry.I _ football with my friends then.AplayCam playingBplayedDwas playing点拨选D。句意:“琳达,今天早晨我给你打电话了,但是没有人接。”“真抱歉,那时我正在跟朋友们一起踢足球。”表示过去某个时间进行的动作用过去进行时,故选D。典
24、题分析被动语态动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者;被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。中考考纲只要求考生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。时态句式结构一般现在时肯定句主语am/is/are过去分词其他否定句主语am/is/arenot过去分词其他一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are主语过去分词其他?一般过去时肯定句主语was/were过去分词其他否定句主语was/werenot过去分词其他一般疑问句 Was/Were主语过去分词其他?一般将来时肯定句主语will/shallbe过去分词其他否定句主语will/shallnotbe过去
25、分词其他一般疑问句 Will/Shall主语be过去分词其他?含情态动词肯定句主语情态动词be过去分词其他否定句主语情态动词notbe过去分词其他一般疑问句 情态动词主语be过去分词其他?被动语态的构成典题分析题(2014年重庆B)Keep quiet, please! Talking _during the meeting.A is not allowedCdoesnt allowBis allowedDallows点拨选A。 主语是talking,物作主语应用被动语态,排除C、D 两项;再由be quiet 可知应为“不允许讲话”。故选A。用法例句当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时,用被动
26、语态He was seen to go to the church.他被看到去了教堂。This bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥于1981 年竣工。需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后,也可省略She is liked by everyone. 她被每个人所喜爱。The novel was translated, read and filmed bypeople.这部小说被人们翻译、阅读并拍成电影。当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态The whole village has been washed away b
27、ythe flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。The window was blown open by the wind.窗户被风吹开了。被动语态的用法用法例句表示客观的说明常用 “Itis过去分词that 从句”句型It is said that.据说It is believed that.大家相信It is reported that.据报道It is known to all that.众所周知为了使句子简练,上下文紧凑、连贯,常使用被动语态Apples are good for health and are liked byalmost everyone.苹果对健康有益,几乎所有人都喜
28、欢。When he was five, he was taught how toswim.文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略 are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)(续表)五岁的时候,他就被教会如何游泳。典题分析题1(2014年河南)When Tim _ why he was latefor school, he just kept silent.Awas askedCwas askingBaskedDis asking点拨选A。分析句子结构可知,时间状语从句中的主语Tim 与动词 ask 之间构成了逻辑上的被动关系
29、,应用被动语态表达;根据主句中的动词 kept 可知从句应用一般过去时。故选A。题2(2013 年福州)Excuse me, sir, smoking _ inthe gas station.Oh, Im really sorry.Adoesnt allowBisnt allowedCarent allowed点拨选B。根据句意“对不起,先生,在加油站不允许抽烟。”可知动词应为被动语态的否定式;主语 smoking 为动名词,后接动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。被动语态注意事项1动词短语是一个不可分割的整体, 在被动语态中,不可丢掉短语中的介词或副词。如:The old man should
30、 be spoken to politely.跟那个老人说话要有礼貌。2在主动语态中,make/see/hear/watch/notice/warn sb.do sth.的结构中 do 前不加 to,但在被动语态中必须有 to。如:The workers are made to work ten hours a day.工人们被迫每天工作十小时。3双宾语结构中的被动语态,直接宾语做主语时,sb.前须用介词 for/to。如:A new car was bought for my brother as a birthday gift. 一辆新车被作为礼物送给了我兄弟。4. 不 及 物 动 词 (
31、 短 语 )happen/take place, appear, disappear,come true, come out, belong to 等无被动语态。如:An accident happened last night.昨晚发生了一起事故。The car belongs to Mr.Wang.那辆车是王先生的。5主动语态表示被动意义的有:(1)系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become 等的主动结构表示被动意义。(2)动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:I have many things to do ev
32、ery day.我每天都有很多事要做。(3)need doing ( need to be done) 用主动形式表示被动意义。如:This room needs sweeping.This room needs to be swept. 这房间需要打扫了。典题分析题(2013 年呼和浩特 )If you see the cartoon film, youwill_ laugh.Abe madeCmake toBbe made to Dmake点拨选B。由句意“你会被逗笑”可知应用一般将来时的被动语态; make sb.do sth.的被动语态为 sb.be made to do sth.。故选 B。