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1、第十讲定语从句除了在语法填空中会考查定语从句外,在基础写作和读写任务中正确恰当地运用定语从句也是作文得高分的关键。另外,在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。关系词先行词充当成分例句关系代词who人主语 This is the doctor who saved my life. 这就是那个救了我的医生。whom人宾语 She is the new student (whom) I want to introduce to you. 她是那个我想给你介绍的新生。that人、物主语、 宾语 Football is a game that is liked by many people.足球是一项
2、许多人都喜爱的运动。 The man (that) you met just now is my friend.你刚刚碰到的那个人是我的朋友。一、关系代词和关系副词的用法关系词先行词 充当成分例句关系代词which物主语、 宾语 Please pass me the book which is lying onthe table.请把桌上的那本书递给我。The novel (which) Tom bought is veryinteresting.汤姆买的那本小说很有趣。as物主语、 宾语 As is known to all, the earth is round.众所 周知,地球是圆的。
3、whoseof whom/of which人、物定语 The professor whose daughter teaches youEnglish is Dr.Williams.这是威廉姆斯教授,他的女儿教你英语。关系副词 whenat/in/on/ during which时间状语Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的日子。 whereat/in/to which地点状语 This is the house where he lived.这是他
4、住过的房子。whyfor which原因状语 I know the reason why she works so well. 我知道她工作出色的原因。续表二、关系词的选用1只能用 that 不用 which 作关系代词的情况(1)当先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little,none, one 等不定代词时(something 除外)。(2)当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。(4)如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时
5、兼指人和物时。(5) 当先行词被 the only, the last, the very, the same 等修饰时。(6)在以疑问词 who, which, what 开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用 that。(7)当定语从句为 there be 句型时,关系代词只能用 that,也可以省略。(8)当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,关系代词只能用 that,也可以省略。2指物只能用 which 不用 that 的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如:St.Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a verybeautif
6、ul city.圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市,它曾被称作“列宁格勒”。(2)在介词后面。如:This is the room in which we lived last year.这是我们去年住的那个屋子。3指人时只能用 who 不用 that 的情况先行词为 one, ones, those, anyone, he 时。如:Those who break the law must be punished.那些违反法律的人必须受到惩罚。4as 与 whichas 与 which 均可引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换,但也存在区别:(1)与 such 或 the same 连用时,一般用 as。(2)as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 表“正如”之意。(3)当 as 在从句中作主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态。(4)当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用 which。三、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如:Dont choose me, who am not fit for this job.别选我,我不适合这份工作。