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1、Unit 4EarthquakeLearning about languageDiscovering useful words and expressions 1 Find the correct word or expression for each of the following meanings. 1. _ of no use2. _ all the people in a country3. _ a lot of4. _ matter that not clean5. _ finished 6. _ very great in degree7. _ immediatelyuseles
2、snationa great number ofdirtat an endextremeright away8. _ gas that hot water gives out9. _ make someone feel very surprised 10. _ metal bars that a train moves along11. _ save something or somebody from danger 12. _ the part of a building left after the rest has been destroyed steamshocktrackrescue
3、ruin2 What words would be used when we talk about earthquakes?EarthquakesFeelingssadnervouslonelydamageshomesmoneyRescue workdoctorsnursessoldierseventsSanFranciscoTangshanWenchuanbuildingslives It was a frightening night. The dam cracked and then _ under the weight of the water. The water went all
4、over the fields and _ quite a few villages along the river. burstdestroyed3 Complete the passage with words from the text. Some buildings were in _ and some farmers were _ at the top of their houses. The water filled the canals and the _. Dead bodies and _ animals were seen everywhere. People were _
5、, but they had to _ dead bodies for health reasons. It was a very sad time.ruinstrappedwellsinjuredshockedbury4 Work in groups. Read some of the sentences and complete the others. When the earthquake came, it was as if the world was at an end.When the houses fell down, it sounded as if _. a mountain
6、 had blown upWhen the dam broke, it looked as if the sea had arrived suddenly on our doorstep.When the bricks covered the ground, it was as if _.When the coal mines fell, the ground above looked as if it would crack.When the cows ran down the road, they looked as if _.stones were flowing like water
7、they were driven by an unseen handWhen the shock hit us, we felt as if we were going to die.When the nation turned to help us in our need, it seemed as if _. all China was thinking of us and was coming to our aidGrammar The Attributive Clause Declan is a famous singer.He sings the song tell me why.D
8、eclan is a famoussinger who sings the song tell me why.He is a little boy.He is eating .He is a little boy who is eating.nHe is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.nHe is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。结局好结局好, 一切都好。一切都好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时失去时
9、方知其可贵。方知其可贵。ProverbsFriendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.All is well that ends well.He who laughs last laughs best.修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。定语从句。引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that 关系副词：关系副词：when, where定语从句的位置定语
10、从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句Do you know the man?He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red
11、 is small.The apple which is green is big.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词 that which
12、who whom whose That 即指人又指物即指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。Which 指物指物, 作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。who, whom 指人指人, who 作主语作主语, whom作宾语。作宾语。that, which, whom在定语从句中在定语从句中作宾语时作宾语时, 可省去。可省去。Whom 指人指人, 在从句中作宾语，可省略。在从句中作宾语，可省略。e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl is from America.I called her just n
13、ow. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America. 1. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(主语主
14、语)(宾语宾语)2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主语主语) 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (宾语宾语)3. who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和在从句中分别作主语和宾语宾语 (口语中口语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)。1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主语主语)2) The boy
15、who broke the window is called Michael. (主语主语) 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (宾语宾语) 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (宾语宾语)4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或在从句中作定语，指人或物。物。1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition
16、 the teacher talked of. 3) This is the book whose cover is blue. that和和which在指物的情况下一般在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(1)先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等等 不定代词时。不定代词时。Note This is the fir
17、st book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4) 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine. (2) 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。The boss in whose company my father
18、 worked is a very kind person.1. 关系代词关系代词whose还可以在从句中还可以在从句中 与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。Note 2. 当先行词是当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等等, 指人时一般用指人时一般用who, 不用不用that. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 在以疑问词在以疑问词who开头的句子中开头的句子中, 或关系代或关系代
19、词在从句中作表语时词在从句中作表语时, 用用that, 不用不用who。Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.3. 先行词是人，从句中缺动词宾语或先行词是人，从句中缺动词宾语或 介词宾语时，用介词宾语时，用whom或或that(介词介词 后不用后不用 that)。The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it. He is the student (whom, who, that
20、) youwant to see.关系代词关系代词that, which , whom 在从句中作在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。不可省略。1. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who Key 解析解析: 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择本题考察定语从句关联词的选择, 从句意可知先行词从句意可知先行词the famous basketball st
21、ar (著名的篮球明星著名的篮球明星) 是人，所以应用是人，所以应用 表示人的关联词表示人的关联词who。真题解析真题解析D2. (2006 北京北京) Women _drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. A. who;/ B. /; who C. who; who D. /;/ 解析解析: 本题考查两个定语从句本题考查两个定语从句, 这两个这两个 定语从句都缺少主语定语从句都缺少主语, 在定语从句中在定语从句中, 如果是
22、关系代词做定语从句的主语如果是关系代词做定语从句的主语, 关系代词不能省略关系代词不能省略, 故答案选故答案选 C。C3. (2006 福建福建) Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that解析解析: whose 在定语从句中做在定语从句中做roof的的 定语，用于修饰定语，用于修饰house。A4. -Is that the small town you often refer to? -Right, just the one _
23、 you know I used to work for years. (2005 福建福建) A. that B. which C. where D. what 解析解析: 从句中从句中you know是插入语是插入语, 所以所以 用用where引导表示地点的定语从句。引导表示地点的定语从句。CComplete the following sentences with that, which, who or whose. Then translate them into Chinese orally. 1. Here are my neighbours _home was destroyed
24、 by earthquake. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _were asleep. 3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _ they could find. whosewhothat/省略省略4. Several days later most of the buildings _had been damaged were repaired.5. This frightened bo
25、y _ mother were lost in the disaster is looking for her now.6. We went to see our teacher_ husband lost his life in the earthquake.7. “Is this the young man _ saved several people trapped under buildings?” she asked.8. A number of children _parents had died in the quake were sent to live with famili
26、es in the other cities.that/whichwhosewhosewhosewhoBased on the example in the text book, rewrite the following sentences by yourself.1. The girl was rescued from the well.The girl was rescued from the well that was nearby our school.The girl was rescued from the well which was newly built.The girl
27、who is my classmate was rescued from the well.The girl whose family were died was rescued from the well. 2. The children buried eggs in the garden.3. The survivors were dug out by the soldiers.4. The nation was shocked at the news.3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill i
28、n the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that/which that/who which/that 6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.4. A house _ is b
29、uilt on sand may fall down in an earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.which/thatwho/whom/thatwhose7. Look at that lady _ name is Rose.8. He is a teacher _ I like very much.9. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.10. Those _will go to the park stay h
30、ere.11. That was all the money _I had.whose whom/who/thatwhich/that whothat12. Is there any one here _ name is Tom?13. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.14. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing.15. I dont know the way _ he worked out.16. The p
31、erson to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.whosethatthatthat/in whichwhom1. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川四川) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which2. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _ are hea
32、lthy. (2007 北京北京) A. that B. which C. what D. whom高考链接高考链接DD3. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. (2007 江苏江苏) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that4. The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad(2007 上海上海)A.
33、that B. all that C. all what D. whichAB5. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007 浙江浙江) A. that B. which C. who D. where 6. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆卷重庆卷) A.
34、 with which B. to which C. of which D. for whichBB7. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽安徽) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom8. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. (2007 辽宁
35、辽宁)A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after thisDB9. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. (2008 浙江浙江) A. whom B. where C. that D. whichD1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. Who ar
36、e the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?改错改错whomwhosethat4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?7. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. are
37、wholikes1. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A.whose B. that C. who D. which 【2013福建福建】高考链接：高考链接：【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查定语从句。其中考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定作为先行词，定 语从句中缺少语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用的定语，故用whose。 2. Happiness and success often come to those _are good at rec
38、ognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. who C. whatD. which 【2013湖南湖南】 【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查定语从句。先行词为考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定，指人；定 语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。3. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B. which C. what D
39、. when 【2013江苏江苏】【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查定语从句。先行词为考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从，定语从 句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。4. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.A them B. that C. which D. whom 【2013重庆重庆】【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查定语从句。先行词为考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能
40、。介词之后不能用用that，应予以排除；，应予以排除；which指先行词为物；指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。为人称代词，应用于并列句中。5. The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 【2013浙江浙江】【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先 行词为行词为children，故答案为，故答案为D。Homework1. Finish the exercises on page 29.2. Read the passage on Page 64. Complete the sentences below, using who, whom, which, that or whose.