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1、Module 5Module 5Great People and Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Great Inventions of Ancient China China 要要 点点 梳梳 理理 高效梳理高效梳理知识备考知识备考重点单词重点单词1equal adj.平等的平等的equality n平等平等2philosopher n哲学家哲学家philosophy n哲学哲学3order n秩序秩序4principle n原则；准则原则；准则5position n职位职位6stress vt.强调强调7resign vi.辞职辞职
2、8 8adviseradviser n n顾问顾问adviseadvise v v建议建议adviceadvice n n建议建议，提议提议9 9influentialinfluential adj. adj.有影响的有影响的influenceinfluence n. & v n. & v影响影响1010honestyhonesty n n诚实诚实honesthonest adj. adj.诚实的诚实的1111justicejustice n n公正公正injusticeinjustice( (反义词反义词)n.)n.非正义非正义1212contributioncontribution n n
3、贡献贡献contributecontribute v v贡献；捐献；贡献；捐献；投稿投稿13invent vt.发明发明invention n发明发明inventor n发明家发明家14argument n争论；辩论；议论争论；辩论；议论argue v争论；辨论争论；辨论15condition n状况；条件；环境状况；条件；环境重点短语重点短语1make trouble惹事惹事2lay off 下岗下岗3be at war with 与与交战交战4bring up 抚养抚养5be different from 与与不同不同6become interested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣7be re
4、sponsible for 对对有责任感有责任感8be proud of 为为自豪自豪9in conclusion 总之总之10for the first time 第一次第一次重点句型重点句型1Treat others in the way you want to be treated.己所不欲己所不欲，勿施于人勿施于人。2But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。3Mencius believed that the reason why
5、man is differnet from animals is that man is good.孟子认为人类不同于动物的原因就是人类本性是善良的孟子认为人类不同于动物的原因就是人类本性是善良的。4Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than a horse.汽车是在汽车是在19世纪末开始被使世纪末开始被使用的用的，并且和马车一样跑得都不快并且和马车一样跑得都不快。高考范文高考范文(2009重庆卷重庆卷)国外某网站将举办新一轮网上讲座活动国外某网站将举办新一轮网上讲座活动，
6、正面向全球中学生正面向全球中学生征集话题征集话题。假设你是新华中学的学生李华假设你是新华中学的学生李华，经常访问该网站经常访问该网站。现请你用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件现请你用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题向其推荐话题。内容包括：内容包括：自我简介自我简介写信目的写信目的话题：我们应该感恩话题：我们应该感恩(thankful)(thankful)推荐的理由推荐的理由预祝活动成功预祝活动成功注意：注意：1. 1. 词数词数100100左右。左右。2. 2. 邮件中不能出现本人真实信息。邮件中不能出现本人真实信息。范文范文Dear Editor，I am Li Hua, a stud
7、ent from Xin hua Middle School, and in my spare time I often visit your website, from which I know that you are collecting topics for discussion. Being interested in it, Id like to recommend my topic, which is “We Should Be Thankful”. As you know, we middle school students, the new generation, who w
8、ere born in the early 1990s, have been growing up with so much love from others. Some of us always take it for granted that our parents, grandparents and teachers should take care of us. Needless to say, we seldom think of others feelings. Therefore, I hope by discussing this topic, we can learn to
9、thank those who always give us their selfless love.Wish your activity a success. Yours， Li Hua考考 点点 探探 究究 互动探究互动探究能力备考能力备考.词汇短语过关词汇短语过关1equal vt. 等于；抵得上；等于；抵得上；adj. 相等的；胜任的；相等的；胜任的；n. 同等同等/相等的人或物相等的人或物equality n. 平等平等A equals B in.A在在方面比得上方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth. 等于；与等于；与相等；有相等；有的能力的能力(勇气勇气、力量
10、等力量等)；胜任；胜任，能干能干be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比无与伦比即学即练即学即练1(1)He _ me _ strength but not _ intelligence.他和我力气相当他和我力气相当，但智力不同但智力不同。(2)Are men _ _ women _ physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？equals ininequaltoin(3)She did not feel equal _ _ visitors.她觉得自己不适合接待来客她觉得自己不适合接待来客。(4)Yao Ming is
11、 a basketball player _ _ in China.在在中国中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。toreceivingwithoutequal2order vt.&n. 命令命令 n. 订货，订货单；顺序；秩序；目的订货，订货单；顺序；秩序；目的in order 按顺序按顺序out of order 发生故障；失调发生故障；失调in order (not) to do sth./in orderthat 从句从句为了为了(不不)做某事做某事place an order for sth. with sb. 向某人订购某物向某人订购某物order sb.
12、 to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事order that sb.(should) do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事即学即练即学即练2(1)The names are listed _ alphabetical _.姓名是按字母顺序排列的姓名是按字母顺序排列的。(2)Some teachers find it difficult to _ their classes _ _. 有些老师觉得难以维持课堂秩序有些老师觉得难以维持课堂秩序。inorderkeep in order(3)I would like to _ _ _ _ ten copies of this bo
13、ok. 这本书我想订十册这本书我想订十册。(4)Shall I _ _ _ for you?要我给你叫辆出租车吗？要我给你叫辆出租车吗？place an orderfororderataxi(5)The policeman _ the drunken man _ _ the shop. 警察命令那个醉汉离开商店警察命令那个醉汉离开商店。(6)The King ordered that the man _ _ released.国国王下令释放那个人王下令释放那个人。orderedtoleaveshouldbe3stress n. 重压，压力；强调，重音重压，压力；强调，重音vt. 着重，强调，重
14、着重，强调，重读读lay/place/put stress on 把重点放在把重点放在上；在上；在上用力上用力under the stress of 为为所迫所迫cause/reduce stress 造成造成/减少压力减少压力stress the importance of 强调强调的重要性的重要性即学即练即学即练3(1)He stole some bread _ _ _ _ hunger and was beaten black and blue.为饥饿所迫他偷了一些面包为饥饿所迫他偷了一些面包，被打得青一块紫一块被打得青一块紫一块。(2)My parents _ _ _ _ honest
15、y, which I appreciate. 我父母非常看重诚实的品质我父母非常看重诚实的品质，我很感激这一点我很感激这一点。under thestress oflaygreatstress on(3)He _ _ we should be punctual.他强调说我们应当准时他强调说我们应当准时。(4)I _ _ _ the need for cooperation.合作的必要性我再怎么强调也不过分合作的必要性我再怎么强调也不过分。stressed thatcantstressenough4resign v. 辞职；放弃辞职；放弃(工作，职位等工作，职位等)resignation n. 放
16、弃，辞职放弃，辞职resign from. 辞去辞去职务职务resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任听任(某种影响某种影响)；只好只好(做某事做某事)resign sb. to. 把某人托交给把某人托交给resign oneself to extinction 束手待毙束手待毙即学即练即学即练4(1)She _ _ the committee.她辞去了委员会的职务她辞去了委员会的职务。(2)He _ _ _ because he had been offered a better job.他辞职了他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作因为他有了更好的工作。(3)The tea
17、m refused to _ _ _ defeat (to being defeated). 该队不甘失败该队不甘失败。resigned fromresigned hispostresignthemselvesto5condition n. U状态，状况状态，状况C条件；条件；(pl.)形势，环境形势，环境be in good condition (be in a good state)(人人) 健康状况好；健康状况好；(东西东西)保存保存/保养得好保养得好out of/in bad condition (人人) 身体不适；身体不适；(物物)保养得不好保养得不好working/living c
18、onditions 工作工作/生活条件生活条件in difficult conditions 在困难的条件下在困难的条件下on condition that.(相当于相当于 so long as 或或 if)只要只要on this/that condition 在这种在这种/那种条件下那种条件下economic conditions 经济形势经济形势in/under favourable conditions 在有利的形势下在有利的形势下即学即练即学即练5(1)Ron lent me the money _ _ _ I must pay it next month.罗恩把钱借给我罗恩把钱借给我
19、，条件是下月必须归还条件是下月必须归还。(2)After a whole bottle of wine, he was _ _ _ to drive.喝下一整瓶酒后喝下一整瓶酒后，他不能开车了他不能开车了。on condition thatinnocondition(3)What sort of _ is your new house _？你的新房子目前是什么状况？你的新房子目前是什么状况？(4)Police are advising people to stay at home until _ _ improve.警方建议人们待在家里直到天气情况好转警方建议人们待在家里直到天气情况好转。co
20、ndition inweather conditions(5)He agreed to help us, but _ _ _ _ _ we should work for him without any pay for a year.他同意帮助我们他同意帮助我们，但以我们免费为他工作一年为条件但以我们免费为他工作一年为条件。made itaconditionthat6be at war with.与与交战交战a civil/cold war内战内战/冷战冷战make/declare war on.对对宣战宣战go to war诉诸武力诉诸武力，出征出征，宣战宣战，进入战争状态进入战争状态即学即
21、练即学即练6(1)In 1920, Poland and Russia were still _ _.In 1920, Poland was still _ _ _ Russia.1920年年，波兰和俄国仍在交战波兰和俄国仍在交战。atwaratwarwith(2)To _ _ _ the small island state looks like the action of a cowardly nation.向一个小小的岛国宣战向一个小小的岛国宣战，看来像是一个怯懦国家的行为看来像是一个怯懦国家的行为。declarewaron拓展：拓展：“atn.”构成短语，表示构成短语，表示“处于一种什
22、么样的状态处于一种什么样的状态”at rest在休息在休息at risk在冒险在冒险at work在工作在工作at table在吃饭在吃饭at sea在航海；茫然，不知所措在航海；茫然，不知所措7bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐即学即练即学即练7(1)She has _ _ five children.她养育了五个孩子她养育了五个孩子。(2)These are matters that you can _ _ in the committee.这些问题你可在委员会中提出这些问题你可在委员会中提出。broughtupbring up(3)He was d
23、runk and _ _ what he had eaten.他喝醉了他喝醉了，把吃的东西都吐了把吃的东西都吐了。 broughtup拓展：拓展：bring about 引起；致使；造成；达成引起；致使；造成；达成bring along/on 带来带来bring back 使记起；归还；恢复使记起；归还；恢复bring down 使减低；降低；挫伤使减低；降低；挫伤(傲气傲气)bring forth 引起；提出；产生；造成引起；提出；产生；造成bring forward 提出；出示；展示提出；出示；展示bring out 揭露；显示，解释；出版揭露；显示，解释；出版bring to (ones
24、elf) 使复苏使复苏bring in 引进；引来；赚得引进；引来；赚得8in conclusion 总之；最后，作为结束总之；最后，作为结束reach/draw a conclusion得出结论得出结论，下结论下结论come to a conclusion得出结论；结束得出结论；结束arrive at a conclusion下结论下结论jump to conclusions草率地下结论草率地下结论conclude v结束；下结论；推断结束；下结论；推断conclude thatdraw a conclusion that下结论下结论即学即练即学即练8(1)_ _， I would like
25、 to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.最后我想说我今天过得很开心最后我想说我今天过得很开心。(2)From these facts we can _ _ _ _ how the pyramids were built.从这些事实我们可以得出这些金字塔是怎样建造的结论从这些事实我们可以得出这些金字塔是怎样建造的结论。In conclusiondrawsomeconclusionsabout(3)All the evidence pointed to _ _ _ he was guilty.所有证据都表明他是有罪的所有证据都表明他是有罪的。the
26、 conclusionthat9for the first time 第一次第一次(1)forthe序数词序数词(first, second, last等等)time 表示表示“第第次次”，在句中作状语。，在句中作状语。(2)the first (second等等) time 相当于一个连词，常引导一个表相当于一个连词，常引导一个表示时间的状语从句，意为示时间的状语从句，意为“第几次做某事的时候第几次做某事的时候”。(3)This/It is/was the first (second等等)timethat “这是第几这是第几次干次干”，that 可省略，从句用完成时态。可省略，从句用完成时态
27、。即学即练即学即练9(1)Tom and Mary met in New York _ _ _ _.汤姆和玛丽在纽约初次相见汤姆和玛丽在纽约初次相见。(2)_ _ _ he came to China, he visited Shanghai.他第一次来到中国时他第一次来到中国时，曾游览过上海曾游览过上海。(3)_ _ _ _ _ (that) I have visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次参观长城这是我第一次参观长城。for thefirsttimeThe first timeThisis the first time.重点句型详解重点句型详解1Mencius b
28、elieved that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. 孟子认为人不同于动物的孟子认为人不同于动物的原因就是人类本性是善良的。原因就是人类本性是善良的。reason 的意思是的意思是“原因原因，理由理由”，后面的定语从句常用后面的定语从句常用 why 或或 that, which 引导引导，要注意它们所使用的场合要注意它们所使用的场合。句中句中 is 后后的的 that 引导表语从句引导表语从句。The reason why he failed the English exam was tha
29、t he didnt learn it well.他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。(why在定语从句中作在定语从句中作状语状语)I dont believe the reason that/_which you gave me.我不相信你给我的理由我不相信你给我的理由。(that和和 which在定语从句中作在定语从句中作 gave的宾语的宾语)We are not going for the simple reason that we cant afford it.我们不去我们不去，原因很简单：我们负担不起原因很简单：我们负担不起。(that 引导同位语引导
30、同位语从句从句)拓展：拓展：(1)That is why. 那就是那就是的原因。的原因。(强调结果强调结果)(2)This is because. 这是因为这是因为(强调原因强调原因)(3)在在 the reason why.is/was that 结构中，一般用结构中，一般用 that 引导引导表语从句，而不用表语从句，而不用 because。即境活用即境活用1(2009四川模拟四川模拟)The reason for his success is _ he worked very hard.Awhy BthatCbecause Dfor解析：考查解析：考查 the reason 的表语从句，
31、由的表语从句，由 that 引导。引导。答案：答案：B2Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century and were no faster than a horse. 汽车是在汽车是在19世纪末开始被使世纪末开始被使用的，并且和马车一样跑得都不快。用的，并且和马车一样跑得都不快。此句中此句中 no faster than. 是是 no比较级比较级than 结构结构，意思是意思是“一样都不一样都不”。He is no clever than his brother.他和他的弟弟一样都不聪明他和他的弟弟一样都不聪明。(2)Jac
32、k is no more diligent than John.杰克和约翰一样不勤奋杰克和约翰一样不勤奋。(3)I could do it no more than you.我和你一样都不能做那件事我和你一样都不能做那件事。比较：比较：no比较级比较级than表示表示“两者都不两者都不”，not比较比较级级than 则表示两者进行比较。则表示两者进行比较。no more than 只不过；并不比只不过；并不比多多not more than 不如不如多；至多多；至多no less than 多达多达not less than 至少；不少于至少；不少于no better than 一样不好一样不好
33、not better than 不如不如好好no worse than 一样好一样好即境活用即境活用2What a pity we have _ five minutes left.Ano more than Bnot more thanCno less than Dnot less than解析：解析：no more than “只不过只不过”，强调数量少；，强调数量少；no less than “多达多达”，强调数量多。，强调数量多。B、D项不带有感情色彩。项不带有感情色彩。答案：答案：A易易 错错 点点 拨拨 自我完善自我完善误区备考误区备考order/command/instruct三
34、都都含有三都都含有“命令命令，指挥，指挥，指示指示”的意思的意思。(1)order后接从句时常用虚拟语气后接从句时常用虚拟语气。order为常用词为常用词，多用于多用于“非正式或个人之间下的命令非正式或个人之间下的命令”，既可作动词既可作动词，也可作名词也可作名词，其所跟名词性从句中也要用虚拟语气其所跟名词性从句中也要用虚拟语气。 (2)command指指“权威方面正式下令权威方面正式下令”，其后的宾语从其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气句用虚拟语气。既可作动词既可作动词，也可作名词也可作名词，其所跟名其所跟名词性从句也要用虚拟语气词性从句也要用虚拟语气。(3)instruct的含义是的含义是“指示指示
35、，命令命令，指导指导”，属正式用属正式用语语，强调强调“有系统地指导有系统地指导”。应用应用1(1)She _ him(in) how to do the experiment.她指导他如何作这项实验她指导他如何作这项实验。(2)The general _ his men to attack the city.这位将军命令士兵们攻打这座城市这位将军命令士兵们攻打这座城市。instructedcommanded(3)She _ the baggage to be brought to the hotel.她让人把行李拿到酒店她让人把行李拿到酒店。ordered2. condition/state
36、/situation/position(1)conditionn.U状况状况，状态状态the condition of affairs事态事态(常用复数形式常用复数形式)环境环境，情况情况，形势形势in (under) favourable conditions在有利的形势下在有利的形势下条件条件conditions of success成功的条件成功的条件(2)state是常用词是常用词，指指“人或物存在或所处的状态人或物存在或所处的状态”，但不着但不着重于重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。(3)situation指多种具体情况造成的综合状态指多种具体情况
37、造成的综合状态，常着重常着重“这种这种状态的影响和处于该状态的事物的关系状态的影响和处于该状态的事物的关系”。(4)position指指(影响自己的行动能力的影响自己的行动能力的)处境处境、形势形势。也可表示也可表示职位职位、地点地点、位置等位置等。应用应用2(1)Youve put me in a very difficult _.你使我的处境变得非常困难你使我的处境变得非常困难。(2)He is in a good _.他身体健康他身体健康。(3)The car is still in good _. You dont need to buy a new one.这车状况良好这车状况良好，
38、你不必买辆新车你不必买辆新车。(4)We are in a difficult _.我们正处于困境我们正处于困境。positionstateconditionsituation高高 效效 作作 业业 自我测评自我测评技能备考技能备考.单项填空单项填空1Dont you want _？Please show me _.Ait; the other Bone; the otherCit; another Done; another答案：答案：C解析：第一空解析：第一空 it 表示特指；第二空表示特指；第二空 another 泛指泛指“另一另一个个”。2Fitness is important in
39、 sport, but of at least _ importance are skills.Afair BreasonableCequal Dproper答案：答案：C解析：解析：be of equal importance 具有同等的重要性。具有同等的重要性。3The little boy showed great interest _ chemistry when he was doing it _ the first time.Ain; for Bon; forCin; on Dfor; at答案：答案：A解析：考查固定搭配解析：考查固定搭配 show interest in 和和
40、for the first time。4The great damage which the earthquake _ made many people homeless or lose their lives.Abrought up Bbrought outCbrought about Dbrought in答案：答案：C解析：句意为：地震造成的巨大损害使许多人无家可归，甚解析：句意为：地震造成的巨大损害使许多人无家可归，甚至丧生。至丧生。bring up养育，提出话题；养育，提出话题；bring out拿出，出拿出，出版；版；bring about引起，导致；引起，导致；bring in引
41、进，带来。引进，带来。5How can you resign yourself _ such a terrible group?Ato cooperating with Bin cooperating withCto cooperating on Din cooperating on答案：答案：A解析：考查解析：考查resign oneself to，其中，其中to是介词，是介词，cooperate with与与合作。句意为：你怎么能听任与这么差的团体合作。句意为：你怎么能听任与这么差的团体合作呢？合作呢？6The judge ordered that the prisoner _.Ashou
42、ld remand Bbe remandedCcould remand Dcould be remanded答案：答案：B解析：解析：order 宾语从句中用宾语从句中用 should动词原形，且动词原形，且 should 可以省略。词义表示可以省略。词义表示“被押回被押回”。7In the future, more stress should be placed _ the education of the young.Aon BtoCfor Dwith答案：答案：A解析：解析：place stress on 把重点放在把重点放在上。上。8We found that she was _ as
43、 a secretary because she made so many colleagues vote for her in such a short time.Ainfluential BattractiveCfunctional Dpowerful答案：答案：A解析：句意为：我们发现她作为秘书影响还是非常大的。因解析：句意为：我们发现她作为秘书影响还是非常大的。因为她在短时间内让如此多的人投票支持她。为她在短时间内让如此多的人投票支持她。influential有有影响的；影响的；attractive吸引人的；吸引人的；functional有用途的，有有用途的，有功能的；功能的；powe
44、rful强有力的。强有力的。9When the strike was on, the police were called out to _.Atake action Bkeep guardCkeep order Dwatch out答案：答案：C解析：解析：keep order 维持稚序。维持稚序。take action 采取行动；采取行动；watch out 当心，小心。当心，小心。10_ are you allowed to do that.AOn condition that BOn no conditionCIn no condition DIn condition that答案：答
45、案：B解析：解析：on no condition 意为意为“决不决不”，是固定短语。，是固定短语。on condition that. 意为意为“条件是，以条件是，以为条件为条件”。11The construction of a highway will _ the growth of the suburbs.Aresult from Bcontribute toCattend to Ddevote to答案：答案：B解析：解析：contribute to 对对有贡献；有助于。句意为：公有贡献；有助于。句意为：公路的建设有助于郊区的发展。路的建设有助于郊区的发展。12_， because of
46、 all the disadvantages I have mentioned, I think, as a student, we dont need a mobile phone.AAs a result BIn conclusionCIn fact DTo tell the truth答案：答案：B解析：解析：in conclusion “总之总之”，用于总结性发言。，用于总结性发言。as a result 结果；结果；in fact 事实上；事实上；to tell the truth 说实话。说实话。13Would you please read through my composit
47、ion and correct the mistakes in it _？Aif some Bif possibleCif only Dif any答案：答案：D解析：解析：if any 在本句中相当于在本句中相当于 if there are any mistakes, 如果有错误的话。如果有错误的话。14The reason _ I was late for the school was _ I was held up by the traffic jam in the morning.Awhy; because Bthat; thatCwhy; that Dthat; because答案：
48、答案：C解析：解析：The reason 后跟定语从句时用后跟定语从句时用 why 引导，跟表语从引导，跟表语从句时用句时用 that 引导，构成引导，构成 The reason why.is that. 句式。句式。作表语时，该结构一定不能用作表语时，该结构一定不能用 because 引导。引导。15What a wonder! They have finished _ 30 percent of the task within one week.Ano more than Bno less thanCnot more than Dmuch less than答案：答案：B解析：解析：no
49、more than 仅仅，强调数量少；仅仅，强调数量少；no less than 多多达，强调数量多；达，强调数量多；not more than 不多于；不多于；much less than 远远少于。远远少于。.完形填空完形填空It was a normal Monday morning at an assembly, and the old headmaster was addressing the students on important things in life and about _1_ ourselves to what is important to us. This is
50、 how the story went： An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the _2_. He would get the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and _3_. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begg