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1、 Walking along the path beset with difficulties and hardships ,Im full of enthusiasm. Im full of confidence. Being diligent ,intelligent and strong in will is what I am. All I need to do is try hard and go all out in study . Im sure Ill be No.1!英语二轮复习：英语二轮复习： 高考写作高考写作 专题讲座专题讲座高考书面表达题命题具有以下特点：高考书面表达题
2、命题具有以下特点： 第一，就体裁而言，高考书面表达第一，就体裁而言，高考书面表达主要以记叙文、说明文、应用文为主，主要以记叙文、说明文、应用文为主，但有些记叙文或应用文存在夹叙夹议。但有些记叙文或应用文存在夹叙夹议。其中，应用文出现次数最多，具体类其中，应用文出现次数最多，具体类型涉及书信（包括电子邮件）、日记、型涉及书信（包括电子邮件）、日记、通知、报道、简介等各种类型；其中通知、报道、简介等各种类型；其中以书信居多；写作方式记叙、说明、以书信居多；写作方式记叙、说明、议论皆有。议论皆有。 第二，就题型而言，高考书面表达题第二，就题型而言，高考书面表达题型主要分为三大类：语言提示类，图画型主
3、要分为三大类：语言提示类，图画类和表格类。其中以图表类居多。类和表格类。其中以图表类居多。 第三，就内容、题材而言，所选题材第三，就内容、题材而言，所选题材都非常贴近考生的生活实际，多为中学都非常贴近考生的生活实际，多为中学生日常生活中熟悉的生活经历，与现实生日常生活中熟悉的生活经历，与现实生活息息相关，如交友信、询问信、介生活息息相关，如交友信、询问信、介绍人物、事情、场所等，这些考生都比绍人物、事情、场所等，这些考生都比较熟悉，会感到有内容可写。较熟悉，会感到有内容可写。 书面表达如何审题？书面表达如何审题？一、审体裁一、审体裁根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体
4、裁的文章，是记叙文、说明文、应用文，的文章，是记叙文、说明文、应用文，还是议论文等。无论提供材料的方式还是议论文等。无论提供材料的方式是通过文字描述还是图画或表格是通过文字描述还是图画或表格, ,但要但要求文章的体裁是唯一的。求文章的体裁是唯一的。倘若体裁不倘若体裁不对对, ,评卷时原则上要从考生应得分数中评卷时原则上要从考生应得分数中扣掉扣掉7 7分。分。所以动笔之前所以动笔之前, ,认真审题至认真审题至关重要。关重要。二、审格式二、审格式一定的体裁有其特有的格式，近年高考一定的体裁有其特有的格式，近年高考书面表达题中，应用文居多，应弄清应书面表达题中，应用文居多，应弄清应用文该用什么格式，
5、是否有其固定的套用文该用什么格式，是否有其固定的套语等。例如书信、日记、语等。例如书信、日记、. .通知（口头或通知（口头或书面）、便条等都有其特定的格式，不书面）、便条等都有其特定的格式，不能随便写。其中书信最复杂能随便写。其中书信最复杂, ,根据试题要根据试题要求，要注意信的开头、称呼、主体、结求，要注意信的开头、称呼、主体、结尾、签名，这五个部分都要写全面，而尾、签名，这五个部分都要写全面，而且每个部分又各有要求，考生对这些都且每个部分又各有要求，考生对这些都要有明确的认识。要有明确的认识。三、审内容三、审内容要点齐全是得分的基本保证，漏掉要点要点齐全是得分的基本保证，漏掉要点就会被降低
6、档次评分就会被降低档次评分。要想书面表达得要想书面表达得高分，内容全面和不跑题也是最基本的高分，内容全面和不跑题也是最基本的要求。要求。所以考生在审题是还要弄清什么所以考生在审题是还要弄清什么该写，什么不该写；那些该详写，那些该写，什么不该写；那些该详写，那些该略写等。尤其是图画式书面表达题，该略写等。尤其是图画式书面表达题，考生应注意，不能把图中的所有内容都考生应注意，不能把图中的所有内容都表达出来，要学会连贯性读懂图意，要表达出来，要学会连贯性读懂图意，要分清哪些是主要内容，那些是次要内容分清哪些是主要内容，那些是次要内容。 同时还要注意，有的内容是做暗示用的，同时还要注意，有的内容是做暗
7、示用的，有些上文出现的内容要与下文的内容相有些上文出现的内容要与下文的内容相衔接，有些下文出现的内容需要在前面衔接，有些下文出现的内容需要在前面作铺垫。总之，所写内容既要符合图画作铺垫。总之，所写内容既要符合图画所描绘的情景，又要连贯通顺，自圆其所描绘的情景，又要连贯通顺，自圆其说。如写记叙文，要抓好说。如写记叙文，要抓好“whwh-” -” 问题，问题，即时间即时间(when)(when)、地点、地点(where)(where)、人物、人物(who)(who)、事件、事件(what)(what)以及其它一些要以及其它一些要素。素。四、审人称 审人称即弄清书面表达要求用何种人审人称即弄清书面表
8、达要求用何种人称，用第一人称，第二人称，还是第三称，用第一人称，第二人称，还是第三人称来写。人称来写。高考书面表达阅卷中非常重高考书面表达阅卷中非常重视人称，出现人称错误要扣除相应的分视人称，出现人称错误要扣除相应的分数。其中有几年高考书面表达题的评分数。其中有几年高考书面表达题的评分标准明确规定，用错人称从总分中扣标准明确规定，用错人称从总分中扣7 7分。分。所以考生在审题时，千万不要忽略所以考生在审题时，千万不要忽略人称的正确使用。人称的正确使用。 五、审时态五、审时态 审时态即根据所给材料信息确定短文审时态即根据所给材料信息确定短文的基本时态。一般说来，一篇特定的短的基本时态。一般说来，
9、一篇特定的短文，它通常有自己特定的基本时态。如文，它通常有自己特定的基本时态。如通知常用将来时态，日记常用过去时态，通知常用将来时态，日记常用过去时态，等等。另外，由于每一个句子都涉及时等等。另外，由于每一个句子都涉及时态问题，所以考生容易忽略这个问题，态问题，所以考生容易忽略这个问题，随便用错时态，则每个句子都会因时态随便用错时态，则每个句子都会因时态用错而扣分（时态错误属于扣分较严重用错而扣分（时态错误属于扣分较严重的错误）。的错误）。考生每写一个句子，都要引考生每写一个句子，都要引起注意。起注意。书面表达临场写作：书面表达临场写作：一、捕捉信息，组织要点一、捕捉信息，组织要点 大家都知道
10、大家都知道“Well begun is Well begun is half donehalf done（良好的开端是成功的一（良好的开端是成功的一半）半）”。高考书面表达属指导性写作，。高考书面表达属指导性写作，从历年的试题来看，都有一定的材料从历年的试题来看，都有一定的材料提示，而且有明确的字数限制。所以提示，而且有明确的字数限制。所以开头宜开门见山，直奔主题。同时要开头宜开门见山，直奔主题。同时要对你所写的第一个句子慎之又慎，确对你所写的第一个句子慎之又慎，确保不出任何错误，最好能作到引人入保不出任何错误，最好能作到引人入胜。胜。 下面是下面是20052005年年NMETNMET书面表达
11、参考例文中所给出书面表达参考例文中所给出的开头的开头( (已给出开头的不算在内已给出开头的不算在内) )。 Im writing for more information Im writing for more information about the day tour to London.(about the day tour to London.(全国卷全国卷I I、II)II) A famous saying goes that there A famous saying goes that there must be a use for my talent.(must be a us
12、e for my talent.(上海娟上海娟) ) It was snowing heavily on Monday It was snowing heavily on Monday morning.(morning.(辽宁卷辽宁卷) ) Chinese students celebrate their Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways, but the birthdays in different ways, but the most common way is to hold a birthday m
13、ost common way is to hold a birthday party, at which friends get together to party, at which friends get together to have fun drinking, singing and dancing. have fun drinking, singing and dancing. ( (浙浙 另外，文章能否得高分，结尾也很关键。另外，文章能否得高分，结尾也很关键。好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用，也能使阅好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用，也能使阅卷老师的眼前为之一卷老师的眼前为之一“亮亮”。
14、至于说怎样结。至于说怎样结尾，应根据不同体裁的文章而定，或总结全尾，应根据不同体裁的文章而定，或总结全文，或表明对所写人物的态度，或适可而止，文，或表明对所写人物的态度，或适可而止，水到渠成。水到渠成。 下面是下面是20052005年年NMETNMET书面表达范文中所给书面表达范文中所给出的结尾出的结尾( (已给出结尾的不算在内已给出结尾的不算在内) )。 Whats more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations. (福建卷) Dear fellow students, lets
15、 start fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute. (江苏卷) Or, we should not hope to get rewards without hard work. (广东卷) In this way, we express thanks to our parents in return for their love. (浙江卷) 三、谴词造句，准确表达三、谴词造句，准确表达 1 1、 遣词遣词 遣词的基本原则是准确、生动、形象，符合习惯。但
16、是，遣词的基本原则是准确、生动、形象，符合习惯。但是，有时由于受中文的干扰，有的考生往往紧抠着提示中的某有时由于受中文的干扰，有的考生往往紧抠着提示中的某个中文词语绞尽脑汁地去找所学过的等同该词的英文词语，个中文词语绞尽脑汁地去找所学过的等同该词的英文词语，不但浪费了时间，更主要的是往往选用的词不恰当。遇到不但浪费了时间，更主要的是往往选用的词不恰当。遇到这种情况，可以采取转译法，用同义词、近义词，甚至可这种情况，可以采取转译法，用同义词、近义词，甚至可用反义词转代表达。用反义词转代表达。例如：例如：“开会开会”这个这个“开开”可借助动可借助动词词 “have” have” 或或 “hold”
17、 hold” 等来转译。又如等来转译。又如“签名签名”，虽，虽然学过然学过 “sign ones name”sign ones name” 如果一时想不起来可以用如果一时想不起来可以用 “write down ones write down ones name”name”来释意。再如来释意。再如“懒惰”可以用 “not hard-working”，“不熟悉”可用 “know little about”等来表达。 2 2、 造句造句 在造句时，考生要注意以下三点：在造句时，考生要注意以下三点： （1 1）句子既要生动，又要简明扼要。）句子既要生动，又要简明扼要。 （2 2）在写作中应避免使用相同
18、长度的相同句型，）在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、复而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、复杂句和复合句并用，还可以使用简化具等；一些较杂句和复合句并用，还可以使用简化具等；一些较复杂的结构如独立结构、分词结构等也可以使用。复杂的结构如独立结构、分词结构等也可以使用。 （3 3）可以使用一些特殊句式，如强调句、感叹句、）可以使用一些特殊句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，增强语句的表现力，以期增加文章倒装句等，增强语句的表现力，以期增加文章“亮亮点点”。 以下将介绍一下在高考书面表达中应如何运用较以下将介绍一下在高考书面表达中应如何运用较复杂结
19、构。（复杂结构。（1 1）改变时态）改变时态 例如：例如：The bell is ringing now. The bell is ringing now. ( (一般一般) ) There goes the bell! There goes the bell! ( (高级高级) ) （2 2）改变语态）改变语态 例如：例如：People suggest that the People suggest that the conference be put off. conference be put off. ( (一般一般) ) It is suggested that the confer
20、ence be It is suggested that the conference be put off. put off. ( (高级高级) ) （3 3）使用不定式）使用不定式 例如：例如：He is so kind that He is so kind that he can help mehe can help me.( .(一般一般) ) He is so kind as to help me.(He is so kind as to help me.(高级高级) ) （4 4）使用过去分词）使用过去分词 例如： She walked out of the lab and man
21、y students followed her.(一般) Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高级) Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般) Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级) 5 5）使用）使用V-ingV-ing形式形式 例如： When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail
22、.(高级) If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow.(一般)Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级) 6 6）使用名词性从句）使用名词性从句 例如：It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.(一般) The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.(高级) I happened to have met him.(一般) It happened that I had met him.(高）To h
23、is surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般) What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级) （7 7）使用定语从句）使用定语从句 The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般) The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级) （8）使用状语从句使用状语从句 I wo
24、nt believe what he says.(一般) No matter what he says, I wont believe.(高级) If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.(一般)You can go out on condition that (provided that) you come back before six oclock.(高级) If she doesnt agree, what shall we do?(一般)Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall
25、we do?(高级) （9）使用虚拟语气 If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam. （高级） I wish it were spring all the year around. （高级） He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. （高级） （10）使用倒装句 The teacher didnt come until he finished his homework. （一般） Not until he te
26、acher came did he finish his homework. （高级） I never shall do this again. （一般） Never shall I do this again. （高级） As though the chemistry homework was very difficult, it was finished in time. （一般） Difficult as was the chemistry homework, it was finished in time. （高级） （10）使用强调句型 例如： Professor Lin teach
27、es us English. （一般） It is Professor Lin who teaches us English. （高级） I saw the film in Shanghai. （一般）（一般） It was in Shanghai that I saw the film. （高级）（高级） 四、 整理成篇，行文连贯 过渡词是一种关系指引词，一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外，代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”，在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用，学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章结构紧凑，启、承、转、合，过渡自然，融会贯通，连成一体。 学生习作： TV a
28、nd website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, w
29、ebsites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in. They are different in many ways. moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. the programs change every day. professional TV reporters d
30、o the report for TV. However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Some information on we
31、bsites changes all the time. Not all of it is so updated. everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter. Unlike TV, some information on websites change all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than prof
32、essional reporter. Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better. In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better. My Opinion on Cheating In ExamsMy Opinion on Cheating In Exams It It is known to us all is known to us all thatthat some some s
33、tudents cheat in exams at school.students cheat in exams at school. As students, we often take exams As students, we often take exams at school, at school, butbut sometimes we have too sometimes we have too many exams many exams whichwhich are too difficult for are too difficult for us. us. On the o
34、ther handOn the other hand, some of us are , some of us are lazy and dont work hard at their lazy and dont work hard at their lessons. So lessons. So when takingwhen taking exams they exams they sometimes cheat in order to get sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents be
35、tter results to please their parents and teachers. and teachers. In my opinionIn my opinion, , it is wrong to cheat in it is wrong to cheat in exams exams becausebecause it breaks the rules of it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest schools. We students should be honest and try
36、to get good results by studying and try to get good results by studying hard hard instead ofinstead of cheating in exams. cheating in exams. Whats moreWhats more, , we should improve our we should improve our study methods and get well prepared study methods and get well prepared for exams.for exams
37、. 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。句。 1.1. I turned on the TV.I watched it. I turned on the TV.I watched it. I turned on the TV I turned on the TV and and watched it. watched it. 2.2. I bought my sister a present.She I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.didnt like it. I bought m
38、y sister a present, I bought my sister a present, butbut she she didnt like it.didnt like it. 3.3.He was tired. He went to bed.He was tired. He went to bed. He was tired, He was tired, soso he went to bed. he went to bed. 4.4.The child hid behind his mothers The child hid behind his mothers skirt. H
39、e was afraid of the dog.skirt. He was afraid of the dog. The child hid behind his mothers The child hid behind his mothers skirt,skirt,forfor he was afraid of the dog. he was afraid of the dog. 5.5.He made a promise.HeHe made a promise.He didnt keep it. didnt keep it. He made a promise, He made a pr
40、omise, butbut he didnt he didnt keep it. keep it. 6.6.Mary is opening the door. John is Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.greeting her guests. Mary is opening the door,Mary is opening the door,andand John is John is greeting her guests.greeting her guests.7. I still remember the
41、day .I first came I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.to Beijing on that day. I still remember the day I still remember the day when when I first I first came to Beijing.came to Beijing. 8.8. I didnt realize the mistake until I didnt realize the mistake until I I grow upgro
42、w up It It was was not untilnot until I grow up I grow up thatthat I I realized the mistakerealized the mistake 9.9. We can make our country stronger We can make our country stronger and stronger in this way.and stronger in this way. Only in this way can weOnly in this way can we make our make our c
43、ountry stronger and stronger.country stronger and stronger.作文常见病句：作文常见病句： 1.1. I think slower students will be more I think slower students will be more and more better.and more better. - - I think slower students will beI think slower students will be better and better.better and better. 2.2.Top st
44、udents are afraid of having Top students are afraid of having bad effects on themselves .bad effects on themselves . -Top students are afraid that it will Top students are afraid that it will have bad effects on themselves .have bad effects on themselves . 3. 3. slower students always talk in slower
45、 students always talk in class and have many questions to ask, class and have many questions to ask, and it has bad effects on top students.and it has bad effects on top students.-slower students always talk in class slower students always talk in class and have many questions to ask, and have many
46、questions to ask, which has bad effects on top students.which has bad effects on top students.4.4.At the same time ,by this means can At the same time ,by this means can make them set up self-confidence.make them set up self-confidence.-At the same time ,they can make -At the same time ,they can mak
47、e them set up self-confidence by this them set up self-confidence by this means.means.5. slower students always ask 5. slower students always ask questions,which can make top questions,which can make top students cant concerntratestudents cant concerntrate on study. on study.-slower students always
48、ask them -slower students always ask them questions,so top students cant questions,so top students cant concerntrateconcerntrate themselves on study. themselves on study. 6.In my opinion, the advice make the 6.In my opinion, the advice make the top students get along well with the top students get a
49、long well with the slower students.slower students.-In my opinion, the advice helps the -In my opinion, the advice helps the top students get along well with the top students get along well with the slower students.slower students.7.some students worried about they 7.some students worried about they
50、 could have a bad effect and raise bad could have a bad effect and raise bad habits.habits.-Some students worried(were-Some students worried(were worried) worried) that it could have a bad effect on that it could have a bad effect on them and they might form bad habits.them and they might form bad h