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1、高中英语专题第三讲形容词和副词句子成分切莫忘 示之以范_ 原则这样运用1(2017 浙江卷 6 月)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object. shiny/shining解析：根据空格后的object 可知 ，此处应用形容词作定语，故填 shiny 或 shining。2(2017 全国卷 )Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _ (fair) unpleasant for the passeng
2、ers, with all the smoke and noise. fairly 解析：修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词。3(2016 全国卷 )Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady._ _ steadysteadily 解析： grow 是谓语动词 ，故用副词修饰。4(2015 全国卷 )Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem._ seriouslyserious解析： pro
3、blem 为名词 ，前面应用形容词修饰。5(2017 湖 北 武 汉 高 三 调 考 )There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part of the country._ availablyavailable 解析：修饰名词jobs 应用形容词 ，availably 是副词。通关点击_ 原则这样解读(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词；(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词；(3)形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果。(2017 山东高三下学期综合测试)Ron had a successf
4、ul career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life. 在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her. 幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired . 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。牢记几组易混形容词、副词 示之以范_ 原则这样运用1(2017 沈阳监测 )Pass
5、ing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn t bear to keep my eyes _ (wide) open. wide 解析：考查副词。 空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式； wide 本身就有副词词性，意为 “完全地 ”。注意：此处不能填widely, widely 主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。高中英语专题2(2017 重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“ God，help me！” I begged anxio
6、usly. “ Is there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？” _， there was no sign of anyone. However 解析： 考查副词。 空处前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望，空后句意为 “看不到任何人” ，前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开，故用副词However。3(2017 沈阳监测 )I received an _ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me. amazed 解析：
7、考查形容词。空处修饰名词“ look” ，形容人的表情，故用 amazed。4(2017 全国卷)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet._ BesideBesides解析： beside是介词 ，此处需要副词，故用 besides，表示 “ 除 之外 (还)”。5(全国卷 )Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果 ) in our
8、 back garden._ beforeago解析：before 和一段时间连用常表示过去某时间之前；ago和一段时间连用则表示在多长时间之前。根据句意可知， 指大约在五年前，故用 ago。6(2016 浙江卷 )When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late._ latelater 解析：句意：当我还是个小孩子时，我爸爸创造一个定期的活动，这个活动我很多年之后依然记忆清晰。本句中混用了late 与 later，前者为形容词“迟到 ，迟做 ” 或副词
9、“迟，晚” ，后者为副词 “后来 ”。“一段时间 later”表示这段时间之后。7(2017 湖北武昌区高三调考)In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams._ HoweverTherefore 解析：上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词。且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开 ，所以应用 therefore。8(2017 合肥第一次质量检测)I had
10、a great English teacher, Maggie. She let me know the importance of English. So I decided to learn English hardly._ hardlyhard 解析：考查副词。句意：因此我决定努力学习英语。hard 意为 “ 努力地 ”，hardly意为 “几乎不 ”。根据句意可知，应用 hard。 通关点击_ 原则这样解读1before, ago(1)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起。(2)before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。2late, later高中英语
11、专题(1)late adj.迟到的； adv.迟，晚(2)later (也是 late的比较级 ) adj.后来的，以后的adv.后来，以后3however, therefore(1)however：副词，表示转折。(2)therefore：副词，表示因果关系。4常见的易用错的形容词和副词(1)以-ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。(2)意义有别的同根副词。如：close靠近 (通常指距离 ) closely 密切地，仔细地hard努力地，费力地hardly几乎不most最， (程度上 )最大，非常mos
12、tly一般地，主要地(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：wide宽地， widely 广泛地，如：be widely known 被广泛了解high高地， highly 高度地，如：think highly of 评价高deep深地， deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动5ed 型形容词和ing 型形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人”(ing)，还是“感到”(ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(ing)还是感受 (ed)。构词知识记端详示之以范_ 原则这样运用1(2017 浙江宁
13、波十校联考)So his mother, who was _(will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep. unwilling 解析：根据后面的“ brought him home to look after the sheep” 可知 ，此处表示 “不愿意的”，故填 unwilling 。2(2017 湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a backgrou
14、nd of blue sky was one of the most _(relax) experiences of my life. relaxing 解析：名词前应用形容词作定语，此处修饰experiences，故用 relaxing“令人放松的 ” 。3(2017 湖北华大联盟高三质检)It is probably one of the earliest and longest _(last) sports which uses both muscles and brain. lasting解析：用在名词前应为定语，故用 lasting“持续的 ”。4(2017 安徽师大附中测试)Wha
15、t a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be _(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them. thankful 解析：考查形容词。be 动词后一般跟形容词作表语， 故此处用形容词形式。高中英语专题5(2017 郑州第二次质量预测)This is also where friends and family gather to keep warm and talk at night. Sitting by the fire made me
16、feel _(peace), and it was like I was experiencing the traditional Chinese way of life. peaceful 解析：考查形容词。该句中的“ feel” 为连系动词 ，后接形容词 ，此处表示 “坐在炉火旁使我感到平静 ”。6(2017 新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly _(benefit), but the m
17、isuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems. beneficial解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is 的表语。 通关点击_ 原则这样解读1形容词变副词的后缀后缀示例直接加 -ly slow adj.慢的 slowly adv.缓慢地改 y 为 -ily happy adj.高兴的 happily adv.高兴地去 e 加-ly true adj.真的 truly adv.真地2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有：-able, -al, -ful, -ed, -ing, -ible, -ive, -
18、ous, -some, -y, -ern, -ish等。后缀示例-able accept vt.接受 acceptable adj.可接受的-ed confuse vt.使困惑 confused adj.感到困惑的-ing convince vt.说服 ，使信服 convincing adj.令人信服的-ful forget vt.忘记 forgetful adj.健忘的-al nature n自然 natural adj.自然的-ible access n进入 ，使用权 ，通路 accessible adj.容易取得的-ous caution n谨慎 cautious adj.谨慎的3.表示
19、否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有：dis-， il- ， im- ， in-， ir-， mis-， un-， -less等。前/后缀示例il-legal adj.合法的 illegal adj.不合法的in-convenient adj.方便的 inconvenient adj.不方便的ir-regular adj.有规律的 irregular adj.没规律的un-willing adj.乐意的 unwilling adj.不乐意的高中英语专题-less useful adj.有用的 useless adj.无用的考查比较等级比较等级细思量 示之以范_ 原则
20、这样运用1(2016 全国卷 )If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify( 识别 ) those of _(great) and less importance. greater 解析：句意：如果你因工作上的责任感到压抑，你应该后退一步，并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要，哪些不那么重要。根据句意以及little 的比较级less 的提示可知空格处应用形容词 great 的比较级greater。2(2017 沈阳监测 )We felt safe for th
21、e next half hour so we decided to go even _(far)farther/further解析：考查比较级。根据该句中的“ even” 可以判断 ，此处表示 “我们决定走得更远一点 ”，故用 far 的比较级。3(2017 东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much _(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters. quieter 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据下文的than 可知 ，此处用比较级。
22、4(2017 广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was _(convenient) than others. more convenient解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的 “ than” 可知 ，空处用形容词的比较级。5(2017 全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._ earlierearly 解析：此处没有比较的含义， 仅表示主语习惯性的行为，应用 early。
23、6(2015 陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help._ better best解析：根据句子后面的限定范围in the world 可知 ，此处应用最高级。 通关点击_ 原则这样解读1“ the比较级 .，the比较级 .”表示“越越”。It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。2“ the比较级 of the two名词”
24、表示“两个中较的”。Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiao-tong University or Fudan University? 上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？3“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数比较范围”表示“中最的之一”。高中英语专题New York is one of the biggest cities in America. 纽约是美国最大的城市之一。4“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。Mr. Stevenson is great to work for I really could
25、n t ask for a better boss. 为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。5可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal及数量词、表示倍数的词等，常放在比较级的前面。The hotel is rather more expensive than that one. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。,学生用书P21 ) 单句语法填空1 (2017 福建六校联考 )Staying _(health) while traveling can
26、help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. healthy 解析：句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay 为系动词 ，意为 “保持 ”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。2 (2017 河南信阳高中第四次大考)At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very _(anger) about it. angry 解析：句意：起初，许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气。系动词became 后面应用形容词作
27、表语，故填 angry。be angry about sth.意为 “ 对某事感到生气”，为固定短语。3 (2017 郑州第二次质量预测)On New Year s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted _(warm) at each house. warmly 解析：考查副词。根据空前的were greeted 可知 ，空处修饰动词 ，故用副词形式。4 (2017 太原二模 )Life is about giving and taking, and it s _(general) true that if
28、 you give, you will receive. generally 解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故填 generally。5 (2017 广东湛江调研 )The more support you win from others, the _(fast) you will move toward your goal. faster 解析：句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the比较级 ，the比较级 ” 结构 ，意为 “ 越 越” 。因此 ，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。6 (2017 湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in
29、China, the third _(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world s population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all. largest解析：考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third 可知 ，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。高中英语专题7 (2017 安徽滁州中学模拟)_(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to r
30、each our destinations. Obviously 解析：句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子 ，作状语 ，应用副词。故填Obviously 。8 (2017 湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father _(hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present. hopefully 解析：修饰动词短语looked at 应用副词形式。9 (2017 山东临沂一模 )It is one of the most _(amaze) TV sh
31、ows from an artistic point of view. amazing 解析：句意：从艺术的角度，那是最惊人的电视节目之一。设空处后为名词，由此可推出设空处应为形容词作定语。amazing 惊人的。10(2017 昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water a lowcost, sugarfree drinkwe can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feel _(great) throughout the
32、day and do better in school. greater 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“ and do better in school ” 可知 ，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。单句改错1 (2017 广东七校联考 )As I watched the flag rising slowly. I sang the national anthem, feeling extremely exciting._ excitingexcited 解析：考查形容词。该句主语为I，修饰人 ，应用形容词excited，表示 “激动的，兴奋的 ”。2 (2017 重庆西北狼教育联
33、盟第一次联考)He was a Enropean billionaire who got everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to get worse and he led a miserable life._ Therefore However 解析：考查副词。上文说他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，得到了他想要的一切，该句说在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康状况变得越来越糟。上下文为转折关系，故用However。3 (2017 云南八校区调研)I don t thi
34、nk that it is a truly ecotravel. An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our responsibility as well._ trulytrue 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词ecotravel。4 (2017 长沙一模 )The American TV show TheVoice is one of my most favorite amusement shows._ 删除 most 解析：考查最高级。句意：美国电视节目美国之声是我最喜欢
35、的娱乐节目之一。 favorite 意为 “最喜欢的 ”，无最高级形式。高中英语专题5 (2017 南昌十校二模 )It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems._ clearclearly 解析：词性错误。此处修饰过去分词shown，要用副词。 clearly“清晰地 ”。6 (2017 皖北协作区联考)We telephoned the doctors and an old man was sent to the hospital in no time. We fel
36、t happily to help him._ happilyhappy 解析： feel 是系动词 ，后面要用形容词作表语。故将happily 改为 happy。 语法填空(2017 山西临汾适应性训练)Once upon a time, there was a flock of doves that flew in search of food 1._(lead) by their king. One day, they had flown a long distance and were very tired. The dove king 2._(courage) them to fly
37、 a little further. The 3._(small) of them picked up speed and found some rice beneath an apple tree. So all the doves headed and began to eat. Suddenly a net fell over 4._(they) and they were all trapped. They saw 5._ hunter approaching carrying a huge stick. The doves desperately fluttered their wi
38、ngs trying to get out, but 6._ vain. The king advised all the doves to fly up together carrying the net with them. Each dove picked up a part of the net and together they flew off carrying the net with them. The hunter looked up in 7._(astonish). He tried to follow them, but they were flying high ov
39、er hills and valleys. They flew to a hill, 8._ there lived a mouse. The dove king called out the mouse and explained what 9._(happen). Then the mouse set the doves 10._(freely) by cutting the net and they flew away together. Unity is strength. 解题导语 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述了一个小故事告诉读者：团结就是力量。1led 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作
40、状语。主语a flock of doves与 lead 为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词led。2encouraged 解析：句意：鸽王鼓励它们再飞得远一点。设空处在句中作谓语，故用动词encourage；本句讲的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。3smallest解析：根据第一句中的a flock of doves可知这群鸽子不可能是两只，至少是三只或三只以上。再根据设空处前的定冠词The 可知设空处需用形容词最高级形式， 故填 smallest。4them 解析：设空处作宾语，故用宾格形式them。5a 解析：设空处后的名词hunter 在本句中表示泛指，故填 a。6in 解析： in vain 为固定短语 ，意为：徒劳 ，无效。7astonishment解析： in astonishment 为固定短语 ，意为：惊讶地。8where 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为hill ，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。9had happened 解析： happen 先于 explained 发生 ， 表示 “过去的过去 ”，故设空处用过去完成时。高中英语专题10free 解析： set.free 为固定短语 ，意为：释放 ，解放。