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1、Units 1921选修 7晨练时刻晨练时刻句型品味句型品味1Man and nature are interactive. Sure, people can live in harmony with nature.2Technology has both positive and negative effects on natural environment.3Disappearing forests, drying rivers, polluted soil and worsening climate have punished human beings.4Preserving natur
2、e is not only preserving our home, but the civilization of human community as well.晨练时刻晨练时刻句型品味句型品味5.It is found that warmer weather is causing many kinds of wildlife to leave their native environments.6Many wild animals are in danger of extinction, because the environment they are used to living in
3、 has changed greatly.7People hunt and kill wild animals for many reasons, one of which is for their valuable furs.8Only if we human beings take some measures can wild animals be protected.晨练时刻晨练时刻句型品味句型品味9No hunting is permitted here.10The new study shows a twenty percent decrease of antelope(羚羊)ove
4、r the past thirty years.晨练时刻晨练时刻典例朗读典例朗读“神州七号”的成功发射引起了人们对太空探索话题的激烈争论。请你以“The Advantages and Disadvantages of Space Exploration”为题写一篇英语短文，阐述表格中的两种观点，并简要地谈谈你个人的看法。太空探索的利太空探索的利太空探索的弊太空探索的弊1为人类居住提供为人类居住提供新新 场所；场所；2提供新能源；提供新能源；3帮助人们更好地帮助人们更好地了了 解宇宙。解宇宙。1 耗资巨大；耗资巨大；2人类住在其他行人类住在其他行星星 上的想法不切实上的想法不切实际；际；3太空探
5、索有风险。太空探索有风险。晨练时刻晨练时刻典例朗读典例朗读注意：1短文必须包括所列内容，但不要逐字逐句翻译。2词数120左右。_晨练时刻晨练时刻典例朗读典例朗读One possible version： The Advantages and Disadvantages of Space Exploration There are several advantages of space exploration. First of all, it could provide new places to live in for human beings. And it is likely that
6、new energy sources will be discovered. In addition, space exploration helps people understand the universe better, which benefits research in other fields.晨练时刻晨练时刻典例朗读典例朗读 However, the disadvantages are obvious. Firstly, space exploration costs too much while the money could be spent on other projec
7、ts. Secondly，the idea of human beings living on other planets seems unrealistic. Whats more, space exploration could be dangerous.Unit 19 Language 语 言考纲知识预考纲知识预览览重点单词重点单词1 n. 不存在；缺乏 adj. 缺席的，不在场的；心不在焉的2 vt. 达到；获得 n. 获得；实现3 vt. 环绕，围绕 adj. 附近的，周围的 n. 环境；周围的事物4 adj. 足够的，充分的 adv. 足够地；充分地 n. 足够，胜任adequat
8、ely absenceabsent attainattainmentsurroundsurroundingadequateadequacysurroundings考纲知识预考纲知识预览览5 vt. 确保，保证 (同义词)6 vt. 调节；调整 n. 调整，校正 adj. 可调节的7 vt. 告知；通知 n. 通知；消息8 vt. 祝贺 n. 祝贺9 adj. 不知不觉的；无意的 adj. (反义词)意识到；注意到 adv. 无意识地ensureinsureadjustadjustmentadjustableinforminformationcongratulatecongratulationu
9、nconsciousconsciousunconsciously考纲知识预考纲知识预览览10 vt. 像；与相似 n. 类似，相似11 vt. 谈判；协商 n. 谈判，协商12 n. 冒犯；得罪 v冒犯 adj. 冒犯的，令人难堪的13 n. 赞成；赞许 v. 赞同，赞许 adj. 批准的，核准的，认可的 adj. 赞同的，赞许的resemblenegotiationnegotiateresemblanceoffenceoffendoffensiveapprovalapproveapprovedapproving考纲知识预考纲知识预览览14 n申请人 v. 申请；适用 n. 申请15 vt.使
10、窘迫 adj. 难堪的，尴尬的applicantapplyapplicationembarrassembarrassed 考纲知识预考纲知识预览览1 取得成功2 以的形式出现(存在)3 学会4 很久；很长时间5 由组成6 不管，不顾7 如果；条件是高频短语高频短语get aheadtake the form ofcatch on for ages consist ofregardless ofprovided that 考纲知识预考纲知识预览览8 我肯定9 与有联系10 突出；出色；坚持抵抗11 记住12 故意地I betbe associated withstand outkeep.in m
11、ind on purpose考纲知识预考纲知识预览览1 as early as the 1700s English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在十八世纪人们就预言英语有朝一日会成为全球性的语言，而这一点在过去的几十年里已得到了应验。常考句型常考句型It was predicted that that考纲知识预考纲知识预览览 2This can reading and listening materials which must
12、. 它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。take the form of highest qualitybe of the 考纲知识预考纲知识预览览 3Quality input ensures quality output， . 无论是口语还是写作，高质量的输入才能保证高质量的输出。 4. you say that there is a discount I pay in advance. 你说如果我提前付款，可以打折。whether it is speaking or writingprovided that 考纲知识预考纲知识预览览5 in Shakespea
13、res lifetime English began to spread around the world.正是在莎士比亚时期，英语才开始传播到世界各地。It wasthat 名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛1. absence n不存在，缺乏；缺席不存在，缺乏；缺席absent adj.不在的，缺席的不在的，缺席的absence of mind 心不在焉心不在焉in the absence of sb.（=in ones absence）某）某人不在时人不在时in the absence of.因为没有因为没有；缺乏；缺乏absence of information 缺乏信息缺乏信息absence
14、from school 缺课缺课be absent from. 不参加；缺席不参加；缺席单词点击单词点击点对点点对点名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛Caroline will be in charge of the office during my absence.我不在的时候，办公室由卡罗琳负责。(朗文P5)We were worried by the absence of definite figures in the report.报告里缺少具体数字，这使我们担心。(朗文P5)名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛In the absence of any further evidence the polic
15、e were unable to solve the murder.由于缺乏更确实的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀案。(朗文P5)How many students are absent from class today?今天有多少学生缺席？(朗文P5)名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛1Never speak ill of someone_.Its bad manners _.Ain his absence; to do soBwhen he is absent; doing soCduring his away; to do soDwhile he is away; doing so名师一线讲名师一线讲坛
16、坛解析：解析：选选A。表示表示“某人不在或缺席某人不在或缺席”时，用时，用in ones absence或用时间状语从句或用时间状语从句when/while he is away/absent均可。但后半均可。但后半句的结构只能用不定式作真正的主语，不能句的结构只能用不定式作真正的主语，不能用动名词。故两空选择均正确的只有用动名词。故两空选择均正确的只有A项。项。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛2. surround vt.环绕，围绕环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的周围的surroundings n(pl.)环境环境be surrounded with/by.被被环绕环绕/包包围围in
17、 a surrounding area 在周围地区在周围地区be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中位于优美的环境中名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books.她坐在地板上，周围都是书。(朗文P1555)The police surrounded the house.警察包围了这所房子。(朗文P1556)The lake is surrounded by trees.湖边树木环绕。The house is situated in very pl
18、easant surroundings.那所房子所处的环境非常优美。(朗文P1556)名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛2A child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied_.Aplaces of interestBsurroundingsCsurrounding Dcustoms名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛解析解析：选选B。考查词语辨析。句意：生活在考查词语辨析。句意：生活在枯燥乏味的环境下的孩子的智力远赶不上生活枯燥乏味的环境下
19、的孩子的智力远赶不上生活在丰富多变的环境下的孩子。在丰富多变的环境下的孩子。places of interest 名胜；名胜；surroundings 环境；环境；surrounding为形容为形容词，周围的；词，周围的；customs 海关。故海关。故B项符合题意。项符合题意。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛3When Mr. Brown got off the train, he found himself_by his students.Asurround Bto surroundCsurrounding Dsurrounded解析解析：选选D。考查考查surround 的非谓语形的非谓语形式。
20、句意：当布朗先生下火车时，他发现自式。句意：当布朗先生下火车时，他发现自己被学生们包围着。宾语补足语和宾语之间己被学生们包围着。宾语补足语和宾语之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，即是被动关系，故用过去分词，即D项正确。项正确。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛3. adequate adj. 足够的；充分足够的；充分的；恰当的；符合要求的；能胜任的的；恰当的；符合要求的；能胜任的（1）be adequate for sb./sth. 对对足足够够be adequate to do sth. 足以做足以做（2）adequacy n.足够；适当；胜任足够；适当；胜任名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛The space a
21、vailable is not adequate for our needs.现有的空间不能满足我们的需要。The adequacy of the security arrangements has been questioned.有人质疑安全措施是否完备。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛adequate，enough，sufficient，ample(1)adequate表示足够的程度比后三者低，表示“刚够；刚好”，有不多不少正合适的意思。“足够”的程度：比较网站比较网站名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛(2)它们都可用在名词之前表示数量。例如：We had adequate/enough/sufficien
22、t/ample money for the journey.我们有足够的钱去旅行。另外，如果仅谈论数量，不要用adequate，因为它表示“足够好的；符合要求的；能胜任的”意思 ，以免造成歧义。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban.这些理由不足以证明实施禁令有理。(牛津P1766)There was ample time to get to the airport.有足够的时间到达机场。He didnt give an adequate answer to the question.他没有对这个问题作出满
23、意的答复。(牛津P20)名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛4Considering he is _for the job，we hired him.Aadequate BsufficientCabundant Denough名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛解析解析：选选A。考查形容词辨析。考查形容词辨析。adequate 足够的，充分的，符合要求的，可以胜任的；足够的，充分的，符合要求的，可以胜任的；sufficient (数量数量/质量质量)令人满意的，适当的，令人满意的，适当的，充分的，足够的；充分的，足够的；abundant 大量的，丰富的；大量的，丰富的；enough 足够的。句意：考虑到他能胜任这项足
24、够的。句意：考虑到他能胜任这项工作，我们雇用了他。根据句意选工作，我们雇用了他。根据句意选A。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛4. ensure vt.确保，保证确保，保证ensure success/safety 保证成功保证成功/安全安全ensure sb. sth.确保确保/保证某人（得到）保证某人（得到）某物某物ensure sb. from/against sth.保护某人免保护某人免受某物的伤害受某物的伤害ensure that.=make sure that.确保确保/保保证证The book ensured his success. 这本书保这本书保证了他的成功。证了他的成功。The
25、book ensured his success. 这本书保证了他的成功。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛ensure，assure，guarantee(1)ensure 指确保某种行动或动机的结果一定会发生。(2)assure 指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生。其宾语通常为人，常用结构为“assure sb.of sth.”。(3)guarantee 强调保证品质、服务和信誉等。比较网站比较网站名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛We were assured that everything possible was being done.我们确信是在尽一切努力。(牛津P88)Please ensure
26、(that) all lights are switched off.请务必将所有的灯都关掉。(牛津P568)He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.他向我保证这种事绝不会再发生。(牛津P778)名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛5We should_ourselves against all possible risks.AmakeBbe sureCprevent Densure解析解析：选选D。ensure sb. against sth.保护保护某人免受某人免受。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛5. adjust vt. 调节；调整；
27、适应调节；调整；适应adjustment n调节；调整调节；调整adjust sth.整理整理/整顿整顿/安排某物安排某物/某事某事adjust sth./oneself to sth.使使适应新适应新环境等环境等名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛She will have to adjust herself to new conditions.她将必须使自己能适应新的环境。The TV set needs an adjustment.这台电视机需要调整。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛6You cant see through a telescope unless it is correctly_ to yo
28、ur sight.Aadapted BadoptedCadjusted Dadded解析解析：选选C。四个词极易混淆：四个词极易混淆：adapt表示表示“使适应使适应”；adopt表示表示“采用；收采用；收养养”；add表示表示“增加增加”，均不符合语境中，均不符合语境中的的“望远镜被调整好了望远镜被调整好了”。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛6. inform vt.告知；通知告知；通知information n信息；消息信息；消息inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事通知某人某事keep sb.informed of sth.让某人知道某让某人知道某事事a piece of informa
29、tion 一则消息一则消息名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛Have you informed the company of your wish to leave it?你告诉公司你想离开的想法了吗？Keep me informed of fresh development.随时告诉我新的发展。He is a wellinformed man.他是个消息灵通的人。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛7The president promised to keep all the board members _of how the negotiations were going on.AinformedBinformC
30、be informed Dinforming名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛解析解析：选选A。根据句式结构，此空格处根据句式结构，此空格处应作为应作为all the board members的宾语补足语的宾语补足语出现；根据句意，出现；根据句意，inform与与all the board members之间应构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故之间应构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应选择过去分词。应选择过去分词。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛7. resemble vt.像；与像；与相似相似resemble sb./sth.in sth.在某方面与某人在某方面与某人/某物相似某物相似【注意】resemble 不可用于被动语态
31、和进行时态。She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character. 她和她的姐姐外貌相似，性格却不同。They resemble each other in shape but not in colour.它们的形状相似，但颜色不同。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛be similar to sb. in sth.与某人在某方面相似be the same as sb. in sth.与某人在某方面一样have sth. in common with sb./sth.与有共同之处be/look like 看起来像思维拓展思维拓展名师一线讲
32、名师一线讲坛坛8句型转换Some writers try to resemble Mark Twain in writing style.Some writers try to_Mark Twain in writing style.答案：be similar to名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛单项填空I think the result of the exam is_. Please check it up! Its_. I have checked it up many times.Acorrect BcorrectlyCincorrect Dcorrection答案：C；A单词巧记单词巧记名师
33、一线讲名师一线讲坛坛归纳与比较：inadj.构成反义词前缀adj.反义词in(不，非，相反的)correct(正确的)incorrect(不正确的)active(积极的；活跃的)inactive(无行动的；不活跃的)adequate(充分的；足够的)inadequate(不充分的；不够的)convenient(方便的)inconvenient(不方便的)formal(正式的)informal(非正式的)capable(有能力的)incapable(没有能力的)complete(完整的)incomplete(不完整的)名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛【经典案例】Some of the houses on
34、 the hillside are_to cars.Ainformal BimpossibleCinconvenient Dinadequate【解析】【解析】考查词义辨析。考查词义辨析。C表示表示“不不方便的方便的”；A表示表示“非正式的非正式的”；B表示表示“不可能的不可能的”；D表示表示“不充分的不充分的”。根据。根据句意可知应选句意可知应选C。【答案】C名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛8. catch on 学会；理解；变得流行；学会；理解；变得流行；挂住挂住catch on (to sth.)理解；学会理解；学会catch hold of抓住抓住catch up（with sb./sth.）
35、赶上）赶上catch sb. doing sth.发现某人做某事发现某人做某事catch sight of看见看见catch ones attention/eye吸引某人吸引某人短语扫描短语扫描线连线线连线名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛It was a popular style in Britain,but it never really caught on in America.当时在英国这是时髦式样，但在美国却从来没有真正流行开。（朗文P215）I suddenly caught sight of her in the crowd.我突然在人群中看见了她。（朗文P215）You walk on
36、 and Ill catch up with you later/ Ill catch you up later.你往前走吧，我过一会儿就追上你。（朗文P215）名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛9.It was a long time before the police what he was really doing.A.caught hold ofB.caught onC.caught on toD.caught at解析解析：选选C。catch on to sth.=understand sth.理解，明白理解，明白。 名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛9. stand out显眼；突出；出色显眼；突出；
37、出色stand by 袖手旁观袖手旁观stand by sb./sth. 支持某人支持某人/仍然遵守诺仍然遵守诺言或协议等言或协议等stand for 代表；支持；主张代表；支持；主张stand up 站起；站得住脚站起；站得住脚stand up for 拥护；支持拥护；支持名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛高效记忆高效记忆名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.新路标容易辨认，上面的字很醒目。(朗文P1498)She still stands by every word she said.她依旧恪守她
38、说过的每一句话。(牛津P1714)Always stand up for your friends.任何时候都要支持自己的朋友。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛10In the event he performed so well that he_among so many competitors.Astood forBstood byCstood up Dstood out解析：解析：选选D。句意：在比赛中他表现很句意：在比赛中他表现很好，所以在众多竞争者中脱颖而出。根据句好，所以在众多竞争者中脱颖而出。根据句意选意选D。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛10. be associated with.与与相相
39、关联关联associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交与某人交往或常打交道道associate sb./sth. with 把某人把某人/某物某物与与联系起来联系起来in association with 和和一起，一起，与与合作合作名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛The scientist decided he didnt want to be associated with the project, and left.这个科学家决定不愿与这个计划有任何瓜葛，因而离开了。(朗文P72)I associate summer with holidays.我总把夏季与休假联想在一起。(朗文P72)
40、The military regime dealt ruthlessly with anyone who was associated with the former government.名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛军政府无情地处置任何与前政府有交往的人。(朗文P72)The council is working in association with the police on this.对于这件事，地方议会正同警方进行协作。(朗文P72)名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛11Many graduates are working on occupations_farming now.Aclose ass
41、ociate withBclose associated withCclosely associated with Dclosely associate with名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛解析解析：选选C。考查考查associate 的非谓语动的非谓语动词形式及词形式及close 与与closely 的用法区别。句意：的用法区别。句意：目前很多大学毕业生正在从事与农耕紧密相目前很多大学毕业生正在从事与农耕紧密相关的职业。首先从关的职业。首先从are working.可以推断出可以推断出空格处为非谓语形式，故排除空格处为非谓语形式，故排除A、D两项。两项。又又close作副词用，意为作副词用，意为
42、“靠近地靠近地(指场所上指场所上靠近靠近)”；closely表表“紧密地，密切地紧密地，密切地”，故，故选选C。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛11. on purpose故意地故意地on purpose=deliberately 故意地故意地with the purpose of 怀有怀有的目的的目的for the purpose of 为了为了的目的的目的by accident=by chance=accidently 偶然偶然地地名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛I came here on purpose to see you.我特意来这儿看你。I wouldnt go shopping for/wit
43、h the mere purpose of buying a pair of socks.我不会只为买一双袜子而去购物。A meeting was called for the purpose of appointing a new treasurer.为任命新司库而召开了一次会议。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛12I came here for nothing else but to see you _.ApurposeBproposeCto the purpose Don purpose名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛解析：解析：选选D。句意：我来不为别的而是专句意：我来不为别的而是专程来看你的。程来看
44、你的。on purpose 相当于相当于purposely特特意地，故意地；意地，故意地；to the purpose 中肯的，合适中肯的，合适的，得要领的；的，得要领的；propose提议，求婚。提议，求婚。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛12.【教材原句】This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。【句法分析】of the highest quality属“of抽象名词”结构，常在句中作表语
45、。这样的抽象名词包含两类：句型探究句型探究面对面面对面名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛(1)“of抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，interest，benefit，honour，courage，fame，ability，nature，beauty，wealth等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。This question is of importance.This question is important.这个问题很重要。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛Each hour，each minute，eac
46、h second is of great value for us.Each hour，each minute，each second is very valuable for us.每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。This dictionary is of no help to English beginners.This dictionary is not helpful to English beginners.这本词典对英语初学者没有帮助。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛(2)“of抽象名词”没有相应的形容词形式，为了表明主语的这类特征，我们只能用“be of抽象名词”的形式代替“be形
47、容词”结构。这类名词包括size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，kind，price，type，shape，way等。注意，这类名词的单复数根据具体的情况而定，也可在其前加冠词。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛The products are of firstrate quality.这些产品的质量是一流的。Mr.Smith，my teacher，is of the same opinion.Mr.Smith，my teacher，has the same opinion.史密斯先生，我的老师，也持同样的观点。Americans are o
48、f almost all colours and races.美国人几乎包括各种肤色及种族。He was of a poor peasant family.他出身于贫农家庭。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛13The two boys are_.Asame weight and ageBof same weight and ageCthe weight and ageDof the same weight and age解析解析：选选D。此题考查此题考查be ofage/weight 结构，其中结构，其中same前必须加前必须加the。名师一线讲名师一线讲坛坛14Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London.Aprice BcostCvalue Dimportance解析解析：选选C。此处为此处为“be of抽象名抽象名词词”句型。句意：你会发现当你在伦敦旅句型。句意：你会发现当你在伦敦旅游时这张地图大有用处。游时这张地图大有用处。A、B两项不合两项不合句意，句意，D项为不可数名词，意为项为不可数名词，意为“重要重要性性”，value为抽象名词，意为为抽象名词，意为“用处，价用处，价值值”。随堂即时检随堂即时检测测点击进入点击进入课时活页训课时活页训练练点击进入点击进入