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1、英语泛读教程 3 Testing: Fast Reading (Unit 1-15)antsO5Unit 1 P91Have you ever heard hit the nail on the head? Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into
2、the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive home the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So it is with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose ph
3、rase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.The French have an apt phrase fbr this. They speak of le mot juste, the word that is just right. Stories are told of scru
4、pulous writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle and delicate in their different shades of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely what we want to say. It is not only a matter of ha
5、ving a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings fbr ourselves, as well as fbr those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarke
6、d: How can I know what 1 think till I see what I say? This sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it.It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery over the material we are deal
7、ing with. Perhaps you have been asked What sort of a man is so-and-so? You begin: Oh, 1 think hes quite a nice chap but hers rather. and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that you dont like, that constitutes his limitation. When you find the right phra
8、se you feel that your conception of the man is clearer and sharper.In certain primitive tribes it was thought dangerous to reveal your name to a stranger. It might give him power over you. Even in modern civilized society you find yourself at a slight social disadvantage if someone knows your name b
9、ut you dont know his. Command of words is ultimately command over life and experience.(447 words)1. The author uses the idiom hit the nail on the head to demonstrate .(D)(a) the skill of a carpenter(b) the importance of being skillful(c) how ones point can be driven home (d) the importance for a wri
10、ter to choose the right word2. The word scrupulous in paragraph two means . (A)(a) minutely careful (b) highly skillful (c) very accomplished (d) carpenter-like3. To find an appropriate word for the specified purpose . ( D )(a) is a matter of command of the specific language only(b) is a matter of v
11、ocabulary(c) is to pick out a word with subtle meaning(d) involves telling people your thoughts and feelings4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? ( C )(a) Choosing a right word for the right situation is challenging and rewarding.(b) Choosing a right word means weighing among it
12、s many synonyms.(c) You need to have a clear idea of the thing you are describing to choose the right word.(d) The different shades of meaning are helpful to our expression of ideas.5. It can be inferred that the paragraph that follows the passage may possibly discuss .(B)(a) a carpenters work (b) c
13、hoice of words (c) modem civilized society (d) primitive tribes2English has a wide vocabulary and it is a very flexible language. There are many different ways of making a statement. But words that are very similar in meaning have fine shades of difference and a student needs to be alive to these di
14、fferences. By using his dictionary, and above all by reading, a student can increase his sensitivity to these shades of difference and improve his ability to express his own meanings exactly.Professor Raleigh once slated: There are no synonyms, and the same statement can never be repeated in a chang
15、ed form of words. This is perhaps too absolute, but it is not easy to disapprove. Even a slight alteration in the wording of a statement can subtly shift the meaning. The change in words is a change in style, and the effect on the reader is quite different. It is perhaps easier to be a good craftsma
16、n with wood and nails than a good craftsman with words, but all of us can increase our skill and sensitivity with a little effort and patience. In this way we shall not only improve our writing, but also our reading.Above all we should try to cultivate an interest in words. The study of words, of th
17、eir origins and shifting meanings, can tell us a great deal about human life and thought. English offers a fascinating variety of words for many activities and interests.The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400 000 words in the English lan
18、guage, without counting slang. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20 000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12 000 to 13 000 words. It is good to make your vocabulary as complete a
19、s you can, but a great deal can be said and written with a vocabulary of no more than 10 000 words. The important thing is to have a good control and command over the words you do know. Better know two words exactly than three vaguely. A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools
20、, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.(405 words)6. In this passage, the author tells us that reading can .(B)(a) increase the vocabulary en
21、ormously(b) make one become more aware of the subtle differences of synonyms(c) enable one to learn as many synonyms as possible(d) enable one to be flexible in expressions7. Professor Raleighs statement There are no synonyms. . (A)(a) stresses the different shades of meanings (b) is too absolute an
22、d easy to disapprove(c) is what the author tries to disapprove (d) means that there is no such word synonym8. According to the author, an interest in words should be cultivated because . ( C )(a) it is more difficult to be expert at words than at nails (b) words are the most fascinating things to ob
23、serve (c) words offer us a lot of information about human activities (d) words are the most important part of a language9. The author thinks that -(B)(a) Shakespeare had a very small vocabulary(b) Shakespeare used only a small portion of the English vocabulary(c) its not necessary to enlarge your vo
24、cabulary(d) its reasonable to feel discouraged at the large amount of vocabulary in English10. In the authors opinion, the most important thing is to .(D)(a) have a large vocabulary to write and speak with (b) have at least a vocabulary of 10 000(c) use the words you already know(d) know how to find
25、 the right word3Language is often irrational even in the way it combines words into sentences in its synthesis. If language were perfectly rational in this respect, we should be able to handle words like the nine digits in arithmetic, and combine them into sentences at pleasure by applying a few sim
26、ple grammatical rules. In practice, however, we find that a great part of all languages consists of a limited number of natural sentences, only some of which admit of being formed a priori and freely modified by the substitution of the other words, as when from have, ink, pen, we make up such senten
27、ces as I have the ink; Who has the pen? Who has the ink? He has the ink, and so on.But just as we cannot go on speaking long without using irregular inflections, so also we cannot go on speaking naturally for any length of time without using irregular combinations of words combinations which cannot
28、be constructed a priori. The sentences which make up natural speech are of two kinds general sentences, such as those which have just been given, and special sentences or idioms, such as how do you do? never mind, which are really on a level with simple words, such as salutation, indifference, and l
29、ike them, have to be learnt one by one, in the same way as the irregularities of the grammar. Many of them, indeed, have meanings inconsistent with those of the words of which they are made up. Thus do by itself never has the meaning it has in how do you do? and help in the idiomatic expression I co
30、uld not help being late has the meaning preventM avoid, which is the exact contrary of its ordinary meaning.Again, even in those cases in which the grammar and dictionary allow us to express an idea by various combinations of words, there is often only one of these combinations in actual use. Those
31、who have had to do Latin prose composition know that the main difficulty of the art consists in having an instinctive knowledge of what combinations to avoid. French has a similar character. English and Greek are much freer in this respect, a fact which many foreigners find it difficult to realize.
32、When they ask me such questions as Can one speak of an elegant supper*? Can you say, He was bad last night? I always answer that English is a free language, and that there is nothing to prevent any one calling a supper elegant although 1 do not remember ever doing so myself. Nevertheless, English ha
33、s its limitations as well as other languages. Foreigners English often presents the curious spectacle of a language constructed on strict grammatical principles, but with hardly a single genuinely English sentence in it.(464 words)11. Language is irrational in that .( D )(a) we can combine words by
34、using simple grammatical rules(b) words in a language are like the nine digits in arithmetic(c) the meaning of a sentence can be inferred from the meanings of the words in it(d) the meaning of a sentence does not always conform to the meaning of the words in it12. According to the author, . ( B )(a)
35、 all languages have a limited number of natural sentences(b) not all the sentences in a language can be modified by substituting different words(c) regular combinations of words should be avoided in our speech(d) we should construct a priori before we combine words into sentences13. Which of the fol
36、lowing is true? ( B )(a) Grammatically correct sentences are definitely correct.(b) Grammatically correct sentences are not necessarily used in practice.(c) A sentence based on grammar should be idiomatic.(d) A sentence in practical use must be rational.14. The author thinks it to call a supper eleg
37、ant. ( A)3英语泛读教程 3 Testing: Fast Reading (Unit #-15)antsO5(a) not idiomatic (b) impossible (c) wise (d) good English15. The main idea of the passage is that . (A)(a) we cannot speak by strict grammatical rules (b) no rule but has exceptions(c) there are two kinds of sentences in a language(d) langua
38、ge has strict grammatical rules to follow英语泛读教程 3 Testing: Fast Reading (Unit 1-15)antsO5Unit 2 P301Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great wi
39、nds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it,
40、 next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the hea
41、ven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and thought it might seem too good fbr human life, this is what al last I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine.A little of this,
42、but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their so
43、ns, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.(302 words)I .The passa
44、ge, taken from Bertrand Russells (1872-1970) autobiography, is mainly about Russells .( D )(a) longing for love(b) search fbr knowledge(c) unbearable pity fbr the suffering of mankind (d) three passions that governed his life2. In the first paragraph, Russell says that .( B )(a) he longs for love an
45、d never despairs (b) he has pity for the suffering of mankind and often feels anguish (c) he has traveled over a great ocean for the three passions(d) the result of his search is despair3. In the second paragraph, Russell thinks that he has found in his search for love all the following EXCEPT -(B)(
46、a) great joy (b) loneliness (c) the vision of the heaven(d) relief from solitariness4. Regarding knowledge, Russell thinks that -(D)(a) he knows why the stars shine (b) he understands the hearts of men(c) he has a good knowledge of things (d) he has succeeded a bit but not much5. Whenever Russell th
47、inks of the sufferings of mankind, he .(C)(a) is mocked by human life (b) becomes lonely(c) suffers too(d) feels he goes upward toward the heavens2It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain. This description is both refined, and as far as it goes, accurate. He
48、is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him, and he concurs with their movements rather than takes the initiative himself. The true gentleman carefully avoids whatever may cause a jar or a jolt in the minds of those with whom he is cast all clashing of opinion, or collision of feeling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom, or resentment; his great concern being to make everyone at their ease and at home. He has his eyes on all his company, he is seldom prominent in conversation, and neve