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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上科技文献摘译专业班级：电气工程及其自动化07级4班学生姓名：Xxx学 号：XXXX二一一年 六 月 四 日专心-专注-专业The monolithic integrated circuit application, first is its control function, namely lies in the realization computer control.But online control aspect, because the computation fuselage is in the system, therefore has the volu
2、me to the computer small, the power loss small, the cost low, the price inexpensive as well as the control function strong and so on the requests, to these requests really it may be said must belong to the monolithic integrated circuit.At present the monolithic integrated circuit seeps each domain w
3、hich lives to us, which domain is nearly very difficult to find not to have the monolithic integrated circuit trail.The missile navigation equipment, on the airplane each kind of measuring appliance control, the computer network communication and the data transmission, the industrial automation proc
4、ess real-time control and the data processing, the widespread use each kind of intelligent IC card, the civil luxury car safety system, the videocorder, the camera, the completely automatic washer control, as well as program control toy, electronic pet and so on, these cannot leave the monolithic in
5、tegrated circuit.Say nothing of automatic control domain robot, intelligent measuring appliance, medical instrumentIn humanitys each production activity and scientific experiment, in order to understand with the grasping entire process progress and the final output, needs frequently carries on the i
6、nspection and the survey to each kind of basic parameter or the physical quantity, thus obtains the essential information, and by it achievement analysis judgment and policy-making basis.The examination technology and the sensor are people in order to was measured the object contains the information
7、 carries on a series of technical measure which the qualitative understanding and quota grasping adopts.The modern of science and technology fast development causes the human society to enter the information age, mainly will depend upon in the information age peoples social activity to the informati
8、on resource development and the gain, the transmission and processing, but the sensor will be in head of the automatic detection and the control system, will be the sensation, the gain and the examination information window; The sensor belongs to the object of study and the observation and control s
9、ystem connection installment, all scientific research and the production process must gain the information, all must transform through it for easy to transmit and the processing electrical signal.Therefore the sensor status and the function is extremely important.Sensor function quite Yu Ren five se
10、nses.The system automatic routine, the intellectualized degree are higher, the system the level of dependency is bigger to the sensor, the sensor plays the decisive role to the system function.Therefore, domestic and foreign all lists as the sensor technology the most advanced technique.The sensor a
11、pplication sensor application domain involves the machine manufacture, the commercial run control, the automobile electronic products, the correspondence electronic products, the expense electronic products and the special purpose equipment and so on.(1) special purpose equipment The special purpose
12、 equipment mainly includes domain application and so on the medical service, environmental protection, meteorology specialized electronic installations.At present the medical domain is the sensor sales volume huge, the profit considerable emerging market, this domain request sensing component to the
13、 miniaturization, the low cost and the redundant reliable direction develops. (2) industrial automation Industry domain application sensor, like craft control, industry machinery as well as tradition; Each kind of survey craft variable (for example temperature, fluid position, pressure, current capa
14、city and so on); Survey electron characteristic (electric current, voltage and so on) and physical quantity (movement, speed, load as well as intensity), as well as the traditional close/localization sensor development is rapid.(3) correspondence electronic products Handset output large growth and t
15、he handset new function unceasing increase brought the opportunity and the challenge for the sensor market, the colored tablet handset and the photograph handset market share rises unceasingly increased the sensor in this domain application proportion.In addition, will apply in the group telephone a
16、nd the non-rope telephone ultrasonic sensor, uses in the magnistorized medium the magnetic field sensor and so on all appearing the strong trend growth. (4) automobile industry The modern high-quality passenger vehicle computerization control system level key lies in uses the pressure transmitter qu
17、antity and the level, at present on an ordinary home use passenger vehicle probably installs several dozens arrives the near hundred sensors, but on luxury car sensor quantity may reach 200 much, the type usually reaches 30 kinds, many pieces reach hundred kindsCurrent eliminates enhances the perfor
18、mance unceasingly and the reliability, the sensor technology total trend of development is: The sensor integration will be refers on the identical chip or is multitudinous the identical type the single sensor integration for unidimensional, the two-dimensional sensor, or electric circuit integration
19、 integrations and so on sensor and adjustment, compensation. The sensor multi-purpose is enables the sensor simultaneously to have many kinds of examination function, the multi-purpose integrated sensor develops an important direction, namely integrates the many kinds of function sensitive unit or i
20、dentical function many sensitive units on the chip, like the compound resistance sensor, a chip may simultaneously examine the pressure and the temperature.The sensor intellectualization is one kind of belt microcomputer has at the same time the examination, the judgment, the information processing,
21、 man-machine interaction, function and so on protection sensors.The sensor intellectualization is one kind of belt microcomputer has at the same time the examination, the judgment, the information processing, man-machine interaction, function and so on protection sensors. The development biological
22、modelling sensor, the nature is the biosensor outstanding designer.It through long years, not only has accomplished many functions unusually, the performance excellent biosensor.If dogs sense of smell ability is higher than the humanity, birds visual ability is far humans 815 times and so on.These a
23、nimals induction performance is the sensor technology can not hold a candle now.Therefore, will study their mechanism, the development biological modelling sensor causes the people to pay attention enormously, also will be one of sensor application development important directions.From above may see
24、, the monolithic integrated circuit application significance is not restricted in the economic efficiency which its function as well as brings, a bigger significance lies in the monolithic integrated circuit the application fundamentally to change the traditional control system design concept and th
25、e design method, the trend of development also day by day changes, main performance for following several aspects: Manufacture craft CMOS (overall CMOS); Realizes as far as possible monolithic; General character and individuality coexistence.单片机的应用，首先是它的控制功能，即在于实现计算机控制。而在线控制方面，由于计算机身处于系统之中，因此对计算机有体积
26、小、功耗小、成本低、价格廉以及控制功能强等要求，对这些要求真可谓非单片机莫属了。目前单片机渗透到我们生活的各个领域，几乎很难找到哪个领域没有单片机的踪迹。导弹的导航装置，飞机上各种仪表的控制，计算机的网络通讯与数据传输，工业自动化过程的实时控制和数据处理，.广泛使用的各种智能IC卡，民用豪华轿车的安全保障系统，录象机、摄象机、全自动洗衣机的控制，以及程控玩具、电子宠物等等，这些都离不开单片机。更不用说自动控制领域的机器人、智能仪表、医疗器械了。在人类的各项生产活动和科学实验中，为了了解和掌握整个过程的进展及其最后结果，经常需要对各种基本参数或物理量进行检查和测量，从而获得必要的信息，并以之作为
27、分析判断和决策的依据。检测技术和传感器是人们为了对被测对象所包含的信息进行定性的了解和定量的掌握所采取 的一系列技术措施。现代科技的快速发展使人类社会进入信息时代，在信息时代人们的社会活动将主要依靠对信息资源的开发及获取，传输与处理，而传感器处于自动检测与控制系统之首，是感知、获取与检测信息的窗口；传感器属于研究对象与测控系统的接口装置，一切科学研究和生产过程要获取的信息，都要通过它转换为易传输与处理的电信号。因此传感器的地位与作用非常重要。传感器的作用相当于人的五官。系统的自动化程序、智能化程度越高，系统对传感器的依赖程度越大，传感器对系统功能起决定性作用。因此，国内外都将传感器技术列为尖端
28、技术。传感器的应用传感器的应用领域涉及机械制造、工业过程控制、汽车电子产品、通信电子产品、消费电子产品和专用设备等。 专用设备 专用设备主要包括医疗、环保、气象等领域应用的专业电子设备。目前医疗领域是传感器销售量巨大、利润可观的新兴市场，该领域要求传感器件向小型化、低成本和高可靠性方向发展。 工业自动化 工业领域应用的传感器，如工艺控制、工业机械以及传统的；各种测量工艺变量(如温度、液位、压力、流量等)的；测量电子特性(电流、电压等)和物理量(运动、速度、负载以及强度)的，以及传统的接近/定位传感器发展迅速。 通信电子产品 手机产量的大幅增长及手机新功能的不断增加给传感器市场带来机遇与挑战，彩
29、屏手机和摄像手机市场份额不断上升增加了传感器在该领域的应用比例。此外，应用于集团电话和无绳电话的超声波传感器、用于磁存储介质的磁场传感器等都将出现强势增长。 汽车工业 现代高级轿车的电子化控制系统水平的关键就在于采用压力传感器的数量和水平，目前一辆普通家用轿车上大约安装几十到近百只传感器，而豪华轿车上的传感器数量可多达二百余只，种类通常达30余种，多则达百种当前除不断提高性能和可靠性化，传感器技术总的发展趋势是：传感器的集成化是指在同一芯片上或将众多同一类型的单个传感器集成为一维、二维阵型传感器，或将传感器与调整、补偿等电路集成一体化。传感器的多功能化是使传感器能同时具有多种检测功能，多功能集
30、成传感器发展的一个重要方向，即在芯片上集成多种功能敏感组件或同一功能的多个敏感组件，如复合压阻传感器，一个芯片可同时检测压力和温度。传感器的智能化是一种带微型计算机兼有检测、判断、信息处理、人机交互、保护等功能的传感器。开发仿生传感器，大自然是生物传感器的优秀设计师。它通过漫长的岁月，不仅造就了许多功能奇特、性能高超的生物传感器。如狗的嗅觉能力远高于人类，鸟的视觉能力是人的815倍等。这些动物的感应性能是当今传感器技术望尘莫及的。因此，研究它们的机理，开发仿生传感器将引起人们极大关注，也是传感器应用开发的重要方向之一。从上述可以看出，单片机应用的意义不限于它的功能以及所带来的经济效益上，更大的意义在于单片机的应用正从根本上改变着传统的控制系统设计思想和设计方法，发展趋势也日益改变，主要表现为以下几方面：制作工艺CMOS化（全盘CMOS化）；尽量实现单片化；共性与个性共存。