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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外文文献Along with automobile electronic technology swift and violent development, the people also day by day enhance to the motor turning handling quality request. The motor turning system changed, the hydraulic pressure boost from the traditional machinery changes (Hydraulic Power Steerin
2、g, is called HPS), the electrically controlled hydraulic pressure boost changes (Elect ric Hydraulic Power Steering, is called EHPS), develops the electrically operated boost steering system (Elect ric Power Steering, is called EPS), finally also will transit to the line controls the steering system
3、 (Steer By Wire, will be called SBW).The machinery steering system is refers by pilots physical strength achievement changes the energy, in which all power transmission all is mechanical, the automobile changes the movement is operates the steering wheel by the pilot, transmits through the diverter
4、and a series of members changes the wheel to realize. The mechanical steering system by changes the control mechanism, the diverter and major part changes the gearing 3 to be composed.Usually may divide into according to the mechanical diverter form: The gear rack type, follows round the world -like
5、, the worm bearing adjuster hoop type, the worm bearing adjuster refers sells the type. Is the gear rack type and follows using the broadest two kinds round the world -like (uses in needing time big steering force).In follows round the world -like in the diverter, the input changes the circle and th
6、e output steering arm pivot angle is proportional; In the gear rack type diverter, the input changes the turn and the output rack displacement is proportional. Follows round the world -like the diverter because is the rolling friction form, thus the transmission efficiency is very high, the ease of
7、operation also the service life are long, moreover bearing capacity, therefore widely applies on the truck. The gear rack type diverter with follows round the world -like compares, the most major characteristic is the rigidity is big, the structure compact weight is light, also the cost is low. Beca
8、use this way passes on easily by the wheel the reacting force to the steering wheel, therefore has to the pavement behavior response keen merit, but simultaneously also easy to have phenomena and so on goon and oscillation, also its load bearing efficiency relative weak, therefore mainly applies on
9、the compact car and the pickup truck, at present the majority of low end passenger vehicle uses is the gear rack type machinery steering system. Along with the vehicles carrying capacity increase as well as the people to the vehicles handling quality request enhancement, the simple mechanical type s
10、teering system were already unable to meet the needs, the power steering system arise at the historic moment, it could rotate the steering wheel while the pilot to provide the boost, the power steering system divides into the hydraulic pressure steering system and the electrically operated steering
11、system 2kinds.Hydraulic pressure steering system is at present uses the most widespread steering system.The hydraulic pressure steering system increased the hydraulic system in the mechanical system foundation, including hydraulic pump, V shape band pulley, drill tubing, feed installment, boost inst
12、allment and control valve. It with the aid of in the motor car engine power actuation hydraulic pump, the air compressor and the generator and so on, by the fluid strength, the physical strength or the electric power increases the pilot to operate the strength which the front wheel changes, enables
13、the pilot to be possible nimbly to operate motor turning facilely, reduced the labor intensity, enhanced the travel security.The hydraulic pressure boost steering system from invented already had about half century history to the present, might say was one kind of more perfect system, because its wo
14、rk reliable, the technology mature still widely is applied until now. It takes the power supply by the hydraulic pump, after oil pipe-line control valves to power hydraulic cylinder feed, through the connecting rod impetus rotation gear movement, may changes the boost through the change cylinder bor
15、e and the flowing tubing head pressure size the size, from this achieved changes the boost the function. The traditional hydraulic pressure type power steering system may divide into generally according to the liquid flow form: Ordinary flow type and atmospheric pressure type 2 kind of types, also m
16、ay divide into according to the control valve form transfers the valve type and the slide-valve type.Along with hydraulic pressure power steering system on automobile daily popularization, the people to operates when the portability and the road feeling request also day by day enhance, however the h
17、ydraulic pressure power steering system has many shortcomings actually: Because its itself structure had decided it is unable to guarantee vehicles rotates the steering wheel when any operating mode, all has the ideal operation stability, namely is unable simultaneously to guarantee time the low spe
18、ed changes the portability and the high speed time operation stability;The automobile changes the characteristic to drive the pilot technical the influence to be serious; The steering ratio is fixed, causes the motor turning response characteristic along with changes and so on vehicle speed, transve
19、rse acceleration to change, the pilot must aim at the motor turning characteristic peak-to-peak value and the phase change ahead of time carries on certain operation compensation, thus controls the automobile according to its wish travel. Like this increased pilots operation burden, also causes in t
20、he motor turning travel not to have the security hidden danger; But hereafter appeared the electrically controlled hydraulic booster system, it increases the velocity generator in the traditional hydraulic pressure power steering system foundation, enables the automobile along with the vehicle speed
21、 change automatic control force size, has to a certain extent relaxed the traditional hydraulic pressure steering system existence question.At present our country produces on the commercial vehicle and the passenger vehicle uses mostly is the electrically controlled hydraulic pressure boost steering
22、 system, it is quite mature and the application widespread steering system. Although the electrically controlled hydraulic servo alleviated the traditional hydraulic pressure from certain degree to change between the portability and the road feeling contradiction, however it did not have fundamental
23、ly to solve the HPS system existence insufficiency, along with automobile microelectronic technology development, automobile fuel oil energy conservation request as well as global initiative environmental protection, it in aspect and so on arrangement, installment, leak-proof quality, control sensit
24、ivity, energy consumption, attrition and noise insufficiencies already more and more obvious, the steering system turned towards the electrically operated boost steering system development.The electrically operated boost steering system is the present motor turning system development direction, its
25、principle of work is: EPS system ECU after comes from the steering wheel torque sensor and the vehicle speed sensor signal carries on analysis processing, controls the electrical machinery to have the suitable boost torque, assists the pilot to complete changes the operation. In the last few years,
26、along with the electronic technology development, reduces EPS the cost to become large scale possibly, Japan sends the car company, Mitsubishi Car company, this field car company, USs Delphi automobile system company, TRW Corporation and Germanys ZF Corporation greatly all one after another develops
27、 EPS.Mercedes2Benz 和Siemens Automotive Two big companies invested 65,000,000 pounds to use in developing EPS, the goal are together load a car to 2002, yearly produce 300 ten thousand sets, became the global EPS manufacturer. So far, the EPS system in the slight passenger vehicle, on the theater box
28、 type vehicle obtains the widespread application, and every year by 300 ten thousand speed development.Steering is the term applied to the collection of components, linkages, etc. which allow for a vessel (, ) or () to follow the desired course. An exception is the case of by which combined together
29、 with provide the steering function.The most conventional steering arrangement is to turn the front using a handoperated which is positioned in front of the driver, via the , which may contain to allow it to deviate somewhat from a straight line. Other arrangements are sometimes found on different t
30、ypes of vehicles, for example, a or rearwheel steering. such as tanks usually employ differential steering that is, the tracks are made to move at different speeds or even in opposite directions to bring about a change of course.Many modern cars use steering mechanisms, where the steering wheel turn
31、s the pinion gear; the pinion moves the rack, which is a sort of linear gear which meshes with the pinion, from side to side. This motion applies steering to the of the steered wheels via and a short arm called the steering arm.Older designs often use the mechanism, which is still found on trucks an
32、d utility vehicles. This is a variation on the older design; the steering column turns a large screw (the ) which meshes with a sector of a gear, causing it to rotate about its axis as the worm gear is turned; an arm attached to the axis of the sector moves the pitman arm, which is connected to the
33、and thus steers the wheels. The recirculating ball version of this apparatus reduces the considerable friction by placing large ball bearings between the teeth of the worm and those of the screw; at either end of the apparatus the balls exit from between the two pieces into a channel internal to the
34、 box which connects them with the other end of the apparatus, thus they are recirculated.The rack and pinion design has the advantages of a large degree of feedback and direct steering feel; it also does not normally have any , or slack. A disadvantage is that it is not adjustable, so that when it d
35、oes wear and develop lash, the only cure is replacement.The recirculating ball mechanism has the advantage of a much greater , so that it was found on larger, heavier vehicles while the rack and pinion was originally limited to smaller and lighter ones; due to the almost universal adoption of , howe
36、ver, this is no longer an important advantage, leading to the increasing use of rack and pinion on newer cars. The recirculating ball design also has a perceptible lash, or dead spot on center, where a minute turn of the steering wheel in either direction does not move the steering apparatus; this i
37、s easily adjustable via a screw on the end of the to account for wear, but it cannot be entirely eliminated or the mechanism begins to wear very rapidly. This design is still in use in trucks and other large vehicles, where rapidity of steering and direct feel are less important than robustness, mai
38、ntainability, and mechanical advantage. The much smaller degree of feedback with this design can also sometimes be an advantage; drivers of vehicles with rack and pinion steering can have their thumbs broken when a front wheel hits a bump, causing the steering wheel to kick to one side suddenly (lea
39、ding to driving instructors telling students to keep their thumbs on the front of the steering wheel, rather than wrapping around the inside of the rim). This effect is even stronger with a heavy vehicle like a truck; recirculating ball steering prevents this degree of feedback, just as it prevents
40、desirable feedback under normal circumstances.The steering linkage connecting the steering box and the wheels usually conforms to a variation of , to account for the fact that in a turn, the inner wheel is actually traveling a path of smaller radius than the outer wheel, so that the degree of suitab
41、le for driving in a straight path is not suitable for turns.As vehicles have become heavier and switched to , the effort to turn the steering wheel manually has increased - often to the point where major physical exertion is required. To alleviate this, have developed systems. There are two types of
42、 power steering systemshydraulic and electric/electronic. There is also a hydraulic-electric hybrid system possible.A hydraulic power steering (HPS) uses hydraulic pressure supplied by an engine-driven pump to assist the motion of turning the steering wheel. (EPS) is more efficient than the hydrauli
43、c power steering, since the electric power steering motor only needs to provide assist when the steering wheel is turned, whereas the hydraulic pump must run constantly. In EPS the assist level is easily tunable to the vehicle type, road speed, and even driver preference. An added benefit is the eli
44、mination of environmental hazard posed by leakage and disposal of hydraulic power steering fluid.An outgrowth of power steering is speed adjustable steering, where the steering is heavily assisted at low speed and lightly assisted at high speed. The auto makers perceive that motorists might need to
45、make large steering inputs while manoeuvering for parking, but not while traveling at high speed. The first vehicle with this feature was the with its layout, although rather than altering the amount of assistance as in modern power steering systems, it altered the pressure on a centring cam which m
46、ade the steering wheel try to spring back to the straight-ahead position. Modern speed-adjustable power steering systems reduce the pressure fed to the ram as the speed increases, giving a more direct feel. This feature is gradually becoming commonplace across all new vehicles.Four-wheel steering (o
47、r all wheel steering) is a system employed by some vehicles to increase vehicle stability while maneuvering at high speed, or to decrease at low speed.In most four-wheel steering systems, the rear wheels are steered by a computer and actuators. The rear wheels generally cannot turn as far as the Alt
48、ernatively, several systems, including Delphis and the system in Hondas Prelude line, allow for the rear wheels to be steered in the opposite direction as the front wheels during low speeds. This allows the vehicle to turn in a significantly smaller radius sometimes critical for large or vehicles wi
49、th trailers. 译文随着汽车电子技术的迅猛发展,人们对汽车转向操纵性能的要求也日益提高。汽车转向系统已从传统机械转向、液压助力转向(Hydraulic Power Steering ,简称HPS) 、电控液压助力转向( Elect ric Hydraulic PowerSteering , 简称EHPS) , 发展到电动助力转向系统(Elect ric Power Steering ,简称EPS) ,最终还将过渡到线控转向系统(Steer By Wire ,简称SBW)。机械转向系统是指以驾驶员的体力作为转向能源,其中所有传力件都是机械的,汽车的转向运动是由驾驶员操纵方向盘,通过转向器和一系列的杆件传递到转向车轮而实现的。机械转向系由转向操纵机构、转向器和转向传动机械3大部分组成。通常根据机械式转向器形式可以分为:齿轮齿条式、循环球式、蜗杆滚轮式、蜗杆指销式。应用最广的两种是齿轮齿条式和循环球式(用于需要较大的转向力时) 。在循环球式