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1、复习动词不定式的被动语态复习动词不定式的被动语态一一.复习被动语态复习被动语态英语动词有英语动词有主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态两种形式两种形式.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；如主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；如:Many people speak English.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：如：English is spoken by many people.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候者是谁的时候, , 或强调动作的承受者时。或强调动作的承受者时。读课文中句子分析被动语态的构成1. As he
2、 was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.2. The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine.构成构成: be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在am/ is/ are given过去过去was/ were given将来将来shall/ will be given时时式式二二.常见主被动时态变化一览表常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/ar
3、e being givenhas/ have been givenwas/were being givenhad been givenshall/will have been givene.g. I am given a pen. 被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构: be+ done 一般现在一般现在/过去时：过去时： The book _.一般一般/过去将来时过去将来时: The book _. The book _.现在现在/过去进行时：过去进行时：The book _.现在现在/过去完成时过去完成时:The book _.情态动词：情态动词： The book_.is/ was pu
4、blishedwill/would be publishedis/was going to be publishedis/was being publishedhas/had been publishedcan/could/may/mightbe published以以 the book , publish 为例为例1. My cakes _(eat) by the dog.2. The room _ (clean) everyday.3. He will _(send)to Africa next week. 4. Printing _(introduce) to Europe from C
5、hina. 5. Look! There is nothing here. Everything _(take) away. were eaten is cleaned be sent was introduced has been taken 不定式由不定式由“_ ”构成构成, 其否其否定形式是定形式是“_”, 不定式可以带宾语不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语或状语构成不定式短语, 在句子中作在句子中作_、_、_、_、_、_或或 _结构。不定式结构。不定式没有没有人称和数的变化人称和数的变化, 但但有有_和和_的变化。的变化。 独立独立主语主语表语表语宾语宾语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语时态
6、时态 语态语态动词不定式动词不定式to + do (动词原形动词原形)not to do不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即共四种，即一般时、完成时、进行一般时、完成时、进行时时和和完成进行时完成进行时。语态分为。语态分为主动语主动语态态和和被动语态被动语态，如下表所示。，如下表所示。形式形式 主主 动动 被被 动动一般时一般时进行时进行时完成时完成时完成进完成进行时行时to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式当动词不定式
7、的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的所表示的动作的执行者执行者时用时用_语态；语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的所表示的动作的承受者承受者时用时用 _语态。语态。进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态。主动主动被动被动To love and to be love are the greatest happiness.不定式被动语态作不定式被动语态作_语语主主_ (encourage) makes me confident.To be encouragedIt is an honour for me to be aske
8、d to speak here.不定式被动语态作不定式被动语态作_语语主主形式主语形式主语改写改写: To be cheated is a disappointment._.It is a disappointment to be cheated.Are you going to the meeting to be held next week?不定式被动语态作不定式被动语态作_语语后置定后置定1. 翻译翻译: 即将建成的图书馆位于市中心即将建成的图书馆位于市中心 _The library to be built lies in the city center.She hates to be
9、cheated.不定式被动语态作不定式被动语态作_语语宾宾翻译翻译: 它拒绝被吃掉它拒绝被吃掉_It refuses to be eaten.常接不定式做宾语的动词速记口诀：速记口诀：三个希望两答应：三个希望两答应：_ 两个要求莫拒绝：两个要求莫拒绝：_设法学会做决定：设法学会做决定：_不要假装在选择：不要假装在选择：_hope, wish, want, agree, promisedemand, ask, refusemanage, learn, decidepretend, chooseAll the gifts must be sent immediately so as to be r
10、eceived before Christmas.不定式作不定式作_语语目的状目的状He rushed home to be told his parents had passed away.不定式作不定式作 _ _ 语语结果状结果状To be praised by the teacher, the girl works very hard 不定式作不定式作_语语原因状原因状He is too young to be sent to school.不定式作不定式作_语语结果状结果状DaXiongs dream is to be admired by others, especially Jin
11、g Xiang.不定式作不定式作_语语, ,跟在跟在_等等词之后词之后表表系动词、感官动词系动词、感官动词1.The project is _(complete) by next month.2.The cleaning is _(finish) by afternoon.3. My dream is _(admitted) to the Peking University.to be completedto be finishedto be admittedHe order the baggage to be brought to his room.不定式作不定式作_语语宾语补足宾语补足翻译
12、翻译: 1.老板要求邮件要在中午前发老板要求邮件要在中午前发._2. 我看着他被带走。我看着他被带走。_The boss demanded the email to be sent before this afternoon.I saw him to be taken away.The girl asked to be given another chance to try.不定式被动语态作不定式被动语态作_语语复合谓复合谓翻译翻译: 妇女希望被平等对待。妇女希望被平等对待。_Women hope to be treated equally.1. It is a good thing for
13、him to have been criticized. 2. She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.3. The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不定式有时还可以有完成时的被动式，在不定式有时还可以有完成时的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。宾语、复合谓语等。4. He thought it is an honour to have been invited to the party. 5.
14、The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. 6. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. complex predicate1. 试比较。试比较。 1. Im going to the post office. I have a letter to send.2. Im going to the post office. Do you have any letter to be sent.当句子主语与逻辑主语为一致时，当句子主语与逻辑主
15、语为一致时，_ 用主动形式表被动；当句子主语与逻辑主语用主动形式表被动；当句子主语与逻辑主语不一致时，不一致时，_ 用主动形式表被动用主动形式表被动可以可以不可以不可以1. I have a lot of word _ (say).2. -Secretary: Do you have any letter _ (type). - Boss: No, not yet.to sayto be typed2. 在在there be结构中。结构中。 There is a lot of homework to do. There is no time to waste.翻译翻译: 没有什么吃的。没有什么
16、吃的。_There is nothing to eat.3. 在在“ be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形结构中。常用的形容词有容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, fit, dangerous等。等。翻译：爬墙很危险。翻译：爬墙很危险。_e.g. English is hard to learn.Walls are dangerous to climb.4. 在在 “too to / enough
17、to ”结构中。结构中。The problem is too difficult to work out.The house is big enough to live in.翻译：她太小而不能被送去学校。翻译：她太小而不能被送去学校。_She is too young to send to school.翻译翻译:许多工作要做许多工作要做,我无法去电影院。我无法去电影院。_5. 在在“with + n. + to do”结构中。结构中。With nothing to do, he lay in bed.With a lot of works to do, I cant go to the c
18、inema.一般现在时：一般现在时：_一般过去时：一般过去时：_一般将来时：一般将来时：_ _过去将来时：过去将来时：_现在进行时：现在进行时：_过去进行时：过去进行时：_现在完成时：现在完成时：_过去完成时：过去完成时：_将来完成时：将来完成时：_am / is / are + donewas / were + donewill be/ shall be/ +donebe going to be + donewould be + doneam / is / are being + donewas / were being +donehave / has been +donehad been
19、+ donewill/shall been + done1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike _ by my father for me.2. I have found my wallet.My wallet _.3. She told me to wait here for her.I _ to wait here for her.will be repairedhas been foundwas told4. The police will surely arrest the murderer. The murderer will
20、surely _ by the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech. Mr. Green _ to make a speech.be arrestedwas invited6. You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room. Those books mustnt _ out of the reading-room.be taken一般式：一般式：被动式：被动式：完成被动式：完成被动式：主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语to be doneto ha
21、ve been doneto do主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语6. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表被动一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表被动. 常用的动词有常用的动词有 let(出租出租), rent, hire, blame等等1. We lost the football game. I felt I was to blame.2. The house is to let翻译翻译:酒驾的司机为这起车祸负责。酒驾的司机为这起车祸负责。_The drunk driver is to blame for this accident 7. want/need + v.-ing
22、表示表示“主语承受动词发主语承受动词发出的动作出的动作”，表示被动意义。，表示被动意义。sth. need doing = need sth to be donesth. want doing = want sth to be done_ 翻译翻译:你头发要去理一理了。你头发要去理一理了。_Your hair needs cuting/ Your hair needs to be cut.My car needs repairing.=_My car needs to be repaired.必须必须/需要需要 做某事做某事8. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他
23、的动 词可以表示被动意义。词可以表示被动意义。smelltasteprove无被动，用主动表被动无被动，用主动表被动1. The dish tastes delicious. 2. The theory proved right at last.翻译翻译: 这朵花很好闻。这朵花很好闻。_This flower smells good.sells此处为不及物动词此处为不及物动词“销售起来销售起来; 有销有销路路”的意思；作及物动词为的意思；作及物动词为“卖卖; 出售出售”。This kind of cloth _ . (耐洗耐洗) cook washwrite sell read+ well（程
24、度副词）（程度副词）The book is so interesting that it sells well. washes well翻译翻译: 这支刚笔很好写。这支刚笔很好写。_This pen writes well.beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit, become, contain, cost, fit, have, lack, suit, take等。等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycosts me ten dollars.9. 某些某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形
25、式。这类动词有：没有被动语态形式。这类动词有：翻译翻译: 从坐飞机到上海要花半个小时。从坐飞机到上海要花半个小时。_It takes half an hour to Shanghai by air.战争爆发了。战争爆发了。The war broke out.The war was broke out.10. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。，不及物动词没有。翻译翻译: 昨晚发生了一场车祸。昨晚发生了一场车祸。_An traffic accident happened. 1. She hates _ (laugh at) by her cla
26、ssmates. 2. Tim refused _ (accompany) by his father to school. 3. She struggled _ (understand) by the French visitors. to be accompaniedto be understoodto be laughed at4. These are the issues _ (discuss) tomorrow.5. The new drug is _ (test) out on 500 patients next year.6. She was very beautiful but
27、 she didnt like _ (envy) by all the girls she met. to be testedto be enviedto be discussed 一般现在时：一般现在时：_1) English is spoken by many people. 2) I am asked to get up early everyday.3) The books are written by Lu Xun.am / is / are + done一般过去时：一般过去时：_These computers were made in our own country.一般将来时：一
28、般将来时：_Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?was / were + donewill / shall be + done过去将来时：过去将来时：_The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.would be + given现在进行时：现在进行时：_The machine is being repaired in theworkshop. am / is / are being + done过去进行时：过去进行时：_The feast w
29、as being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.现在完成时：现在完成时：_Great progress has also been made in culture and education.was / were being +donehave / has been +done过去完成时：过去完成时：_ The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War .将来完成时：将来完成时：_The book will have been published by the end of nex
30、t month.had been + donewill / shall have been + done含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：_情态动词情态动词 + be + doneThis problem can be solved. Whats done cannot be undone. 1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动 词可以表示被动意义。词可以表示被动意义。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read 1) The dish tastes del
31、icious. 2) The theory proved right at last.The book is so interesting that it sells well. sells此处为不及物动词此处为不及物动词“销售起来销售起来; 有销有销路路”的意思；作及物动词为的意思；作及物动词为“卖卖; 出售出售”。This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗耐洗) 2. need + v.-ing 表示表示“主语承受动词发出主语承受动词发出的动作的动作”，表示被动意义。，表示被动意义。 我的车需要修理。我的车需要修理。 My car needs repairing
32、. (= to be repaired). 如：战争爆发了。如：战争爆发了。The war broke out.The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。态，不及物动词没有。 “be + 过去分词过去分词”这个结构并不都是这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表被动结构表示一个示一个动作动作，而系表结构表示而系表结构表示主语的特主语的特点或所处的状态点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：试比较下面的句子：The enemy was soon surrounded by us.The house is surrounded by trees.She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted.Go over the grammar. Finish the exercises on P13-14.