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1、1 1、名词的分类、名词的分类2 2、可数名词的单、复数、可数名词的单、复数3 3、名、名词的所有格词的所有格4 4、名词的词语辨析、名词的词语辨析中考考点分析中考考点分析一、名词的分类一、名词的分类专有名词专有名词(Proper Nouns)普通名词普通名词(Common Nouns)个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词不可数名词不可数名词可数名词可数名词一、名词的分类一、名词的分类1. 专有名词专有名词(Proper Nouns)（1）专有名词的第一个字母要大写）专有名词的第一个字母要大写（2）专有名词前一般不加冠词）专有名词前一般不加冠词一、名词的分类一、名词
2、的分类2. 集体名词集体名词audience; family; team; police; public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为看。一般来说，视为整体整体时作时作单数单数看，看，突出它的突出它的成员成员时作时作复数复数看。看。His family _ not large. (be) His family _ all music lovers. (be)isare一、名词的分类一、名词的分类3. 3. 物质名词：物质名词：指无法分为个体的物质。指无法分为个体的物质。1) 1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示有些物质名词可用作可数名词
3、，表示 “ “一份一份”、“一杯一杯”、“一种一种”2)2)个别物质名词复数形式可表示特别的意义个别物质名词复数形式可表示特别的意义 beer; cake; cloth; cotton; paper; soil物质名词不可数，没有复数形式。特殊情况：物质名词不可数，没有复数形式。特殊情况：Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份）两份） rains （雨季）（雨季） sands （沙滩）（沙滩） snows ( (积雪）积雪） waters ( (海域海域) )二、名词的数二、名词的数1. 1. 不可数名词不可数名词一般一般没有单复数没有单复数之分之分， 作
4、主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。2. 2. 可数名词可数名词的复数分为的复数分为规则变化规则变化和和 不规则变化。不规则变化。 1. 规则变化规则变化情况情况例词例词一般情况一般情况+sbrotherss,x,ch,sh结尾词结尾词+eswatches辅音辅音y结尾的词结尾的词: iesladies以以辅音辅音+o 结尾的词结尾的词+es heroes以以f或或fe结尾的词结尾的词: vesleavesNotes*1. stomachstomachs*2.以以元音元音+y+y或以或以专有名词专有名词+y+y结尾的名结尾的名 词，直接在词尾加词，直接在词尾加-s. bo
5、ys; Henrys*3.以以o结尾结尾+svideos; kangaroos 黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆西红柿黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆西红柿 Negroes; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes*4.海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望； 谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上. . gulfs; roofs; chief; serfs; beliefs; proofs; handkerchiefstrousers; glasses; a pair ofthanks; clothes; people; congratulations 单复数
6、相同的情况单复数相同的情况1. 中国人、日本人中国人、日本人爱护爱护绵羊、鹿绵羊、鹿和和鱼鱼 Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish2. 汉语音译表示汉语音译表示度量衡、货币单位度量衡、货币单位名词。名词。 yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu只有复数形式的情况只有复数形式的情况2. 不规则变化不规则变化情况情况例词例词a emen; womenoo eefeet; teeth; geeseenchildren; oxenouse icemouse-micelouse-lice (虱子虱子)3. 复合名词的复数形式复合名词的复数形式1.词末词末+-
7、s : boy students 2.主体名词变为复数形式：主体名词变为复数形式： editors-in-chief; sons-in-law3.两个组成部分皆变为复数：两个组成部分皆变为复数： women doctors; men cooks* 这种形式的第一个名词必须是这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或或 woman几个名词的特殊用法几个名词的特殊用法 hair_. （他的头发是白的。）（他的头发是白的。）_. （他有几根白的（他有几根白的头发。）头发。）His hair is whiteHe has a few grey hairs fruit The fruit is sweet. H
8、e likes pears, peaches, grapes and other fruits. policeThe police _ searching for the murderer.weredozen, scoretwo (many, several) dozen pencilsthree _ them / these pencilsdozens of studentstwo score of studentsscores of peopledozen ofword（消息，通知）（消息，通知）, man（人类），前面（人类），前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式，谓语用单数。不加冠词，也不用复
9、数形式，谓语用单数。有生命有生命的单数名词，其后面的单数名词，其后面加加s，复数名词其后加，复数名词其后加“ ”Jims bikeboys books表表时间、距离、路程时间、距离、路程等无生等无生命的名词也可加命的名词也可加stodays paper表两个或以上的人表两个或以上的人共同拥有共同拥有,最后一个名词后加最后一个名词后加s;表表分分别拥有别拥有,在每个名词后分别在每个名词后分别加加sHe is Tom and Marys father.一、一、s形式的所有格形式的所有格三、名词的所有格三、名词的所有格二、二、of短语构成的名词所有格短语构成的名词所有格没有生命的名词，没有生命的名词
10、，一般用一般用“of+名词名词”Theres a map of China on the wall.表示事物的一部分表示事物的一部分或名词的定语较长或名词的定语较长时，用时，用“of+名词名词”the top of the house 补充：补充：to短语构成的所有格短语构成的所有格 the answer to the question the key to the lock a friend of my fathers= one of my fathers friends三、双重所有格三、双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词定代词或指
11、示代词时，用时，用”of+所有格所有格“形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。1. -Whats your favorite Chinese traditional festival?-Its _.A. April Fools DayB. Fathers DayC. Christmas DayD. Spring Festival2. In the coming summer holidays, my family _ going to take a one-week trip to Qingdao.A. isB. areC. wasD. were3. -There
12、 _ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?-All right, Mum.A. isB. areC. wasD. were4. -Can you get a piano for me, dear?-But there isnt enough _ for it in our house.A. groundB. floorC. placeD. room5. A few _ are playing under the tree.A. boyB. boysC. chidsD. child6. Look! The kites in
13、 the sky are in different _, some are big and some are small.A. sizesB. colorsC. pricesD. names7. Its a beautiful, sunny day! There _ many people here on vacation.A. beB. amC. isD. are8. Look! Two _ are talking happily under the apple tree.A. man teacherB. man teachersC. men teachersD. men teacher9.
14、 -Whats in the _?-There are some _ and _ in them.A. photoes; potatos; radiosB. photos; potatoes; radiosC. photoes; potatoes; radiosD. photos; potatoes; radioes10. All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.A. manB. menC. womanD. women11. Ive read _ sports ne
15、ws about the F1 race today.A. twoB. piecesC. two piecesD. two pieces of12. Im going on hoilday on the 12th, I have to be back at work on the 26th, so Ive got two _ holiday.A. weeksB. weeksC. weeksD. week13. Bob told me that his next match was against _ football team from another school.A. a girlsB.
16、girlsC. the girlsD. girls14. Mrs Green is _ mother.A. Mary and KateB. Marys and KatesC. Marys and KateD. Mary and Kates15. When we saw the football match, I sat between Ted and Ben, that is to say my seat was between _.A. Ted and BenB. Teds and BenC. Ted and BensD. Teds and Bens16. My school isnt fa
17、r from here. Its only _ walk.A. fifteen minutesB. fifteen minutesC. fifteen minutes17. _ went to Australia for a holiday.A. The GreensB. The GreensC. The GreenD. Greens18. Jennys shoes were worn out. She wanted to buy a new _.A. shoeB. shoesC. oneD. pair19. You must read the _ carefully before takin
18、g the medicine.A. newsB. picturesC. numbersD. instructions20. There are about twenty _ in the room. They are having a party there.A. peopleB. sheepC. workerD. class21. The _ Park will open next week.A. ChildrensB. ChildrensC. ChildrenD. Child22. Its over _ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A. three hours
19、 driveB. three hours driveC. three hours drivesD. three hours drive23. 选出与句中画线部分意思选出与句中画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。相同或相近的选项。The Smiths are watching the mens table tennis match after dinner.A. Mr SmithB. The SmithC. SmithsD. The Smith family24. They have much colored _. Lets go and ask for some.A. rulersB. paperC
20、. erasersD. sharpeners25. Please give me two _ milk.A. glassB. glass ofC. glasses D. glasses of26. -Wheres mum, Lily?-She left a(an) _ saying that she has something to do.A. messageB. letterC. excuseD. sentence27. The teacher said we needed to choose three _ for the school concert.A. farmersB. docto
21、rsC. driversD. singers28. How many _ are there in the international village?A. ChineseB. RussianC. American29. Tom regards Tianjin as his second _ because he has been here for over ten years.A. familyB. houseC. roomD. home30. The _ now is that we have lots of _ to ask.A. problem; questionsB. questio
22、n; problemsC. question; problemD. problem; question31. Bob couldnt buy the dictionary because he had _ money with him.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little32. -Oh, there isnt enough _ for us in the lift.-No hurry. Lets wait for the next.A. groundB. floorC. placeD. room33. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many _ here.A. foodB. dishC. peopleD. waiter34. Its over _ from Weifang to Jinan.A. three hours driveB. three hours driveC. three hours drivesD. three hours drive