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1、College Entrance Examination English Reading Comprehension 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题英语考纲-阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 阅读题型阅读题型细节理解猜测词义推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构解题技巧细节理解词义猜测推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构考察要点：这类试题主要考查学生把握
2、全文主题主题和理解中心思想中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题主题和中心句和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括 : 一篇文章或一个段落一般表达一个中心内容或主题。主题句必须能简洁明了地，具有。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展. 主旨大意题主旨大意题Smoking cigarettes
3、is harmful to your health.1 Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cig
4、arette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Exampleto try to judge a person only by his appearanceSo, it is foolish2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On
5、 the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying tohide his own weakness. So, it is foolishto try to judge a person only by his appearanceExamplecalled “bait and switchThis sales method is”. 3 If you were planni
6、ng to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A
7、 much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. ”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. 例题例题called “bait and switchExampleThis s
8、ales method is”.Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corpora
9、tion lawyer in Miami, Florida.Exampled e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea The body 1.BBC, VOA CNN, AP, China Daily, Reuters, AFP(Agence France Presse) 2.Pay attention to the time and the place before the passage called 3D Touchinclude a new rose gold option and a new screen technologyThe new iPh
10、ones, called the 6s and 6s Plus San Francisco- , . The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus come in four finishes - silver, gold, space grey and rose gold - and come in two sizes that match last years handsets measurements.The phone also has a new, much faster chip Apples Phil Schiller says is the fastest ever in
11、a phone. It will cost the same as the iPhone 6 and 6Plus, from $199, and go on sale on September 25th. . include a new rose gold option and a new screen technologyExampleThe new iPhones, called the 6s and 6s Pluscalled 3D Touch.Description(Explanation)reasons why you should plan a trip here in the c
12、oming months.some of the best Cool temperatures, golden colors of autumn and dramatic events are just three reasons to visit Oregons Washington County this fall. The season brings a large number of places to see and things to do. Weve collected ItsaHarvestSeasonAutumn marks the height of the agricul
13、tural season,. TheColorsAreChangingOn a cool, autumn day, the rural, agricultural and forested scenery of Oregons Washington County comes alive with bright red, orange and yellow leaves some of the best例题例题Examplereasons why you should plan a trip here in the coming months.BirdMigrationSeasonIsinHig
14、hSeasonSeptember and October are busy months for bird watchersExperienceTree-to-TreeAdventuresatSunsetEnjoy the crisp temperatures and rich colors of the season at Tree to Tree Adventure Park 5.Which is the main idea of the passage?ASome reasons to visit Oregons Washington CountyBWashington County W
15、elcomes its Best SeasonCCharm of the Colorful SeasonDTake Adventures in the Coming AutumnA3. 议论文的基本结构 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that .You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-
16、away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return
17、often comes in an unexpected form.giving-away makes life I made this important discovery:so much more excitingso much more exciting例题例题Examplegiving-away makes lifeOne Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my
18、office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appear
19、ed in the doorway. He had overheard (无意中听到) our conversation. “Wasnt it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You dont know what a letter
20、 like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.”寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法(一一) 文中出现的文中出现的连词连词（转折（转折but/ however，因果因果 so/ therefore)，或一些常见但在文章中，或一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词（间出现有一定目的的词（in fact, the study shows that, for example, in short）, 这这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句 。(二二)首段首段出现疑问句时出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是对
21、该问题的解答就是文章主旨文章主旨.Skills寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法(三三) 有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行意进行归纳归纳，在段落大意的基础上再，在段落大意的基础上再进一进一步加工概括步加工概括了。了。(四四)关注关注高频词高频词 (常为名词常为名词) 。许多文章中最许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词中心词，即高频词，也叫，即高频词，也叫做主题词做主题词。抓住了它，便。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。推
22、敲选项推敲选项, 排除干扰排除干扰推敲选项正误的推敲选项正误的5个小窍门个小窍门: 根据第一步寻找主题句根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词找出关键词,与四与四个选项进行匹配个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案选出最合适恰当的答案 正确选项常含正确选项常含有概括性有概括性的词语的词语 正确选项正确选项一般不含绝对意义一般不含绝对意义的词的词 正确选项应能概括全文正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面内容全面,含义深含义深刻或说明道理刻或说明道理 四个选项中四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案选项中往往有一个是正确答案：标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容
23、高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题点明文章主题。标题特征： Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in t
24、he late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he
25、said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. 例题例题ExampleMy husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents
26、 had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day
27、but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a a New Country. C. Turning Trash to Treasure. D. In Search of New Friends. C遵循遵循 四字原则四字原则:用用精炼精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想的语言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的内涵和外延要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点把作者的观点准确准确地地表达出来表达出来.要排除掉那些片面的选项要排除掉那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的选取包含文章的主要主要内容内容及作者观点的选项及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小范围不宜过大或过小.所选择的标题要所选择的标题要新颖新颖,对读者有吸引力对读者有吸引力,能激发读能激发读者的阅读兴趣者的阅读兴趣.