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1、 英语简单句五种基本句型英语简单句五种基本句型 A: 词类及基本用法词类及基本用法练习练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1. 太阳从东方升起来了。太阳从东方升起来了。2. 她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。3. 他的脸红了。他的脸红了。4. 我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。5. 他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green. 英语句子长短
2、简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。构的基础。 基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主谓）（主谓） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主谓（主谓/系表）系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四基本句型四: + +InO +D(主谓间宾直宾）主谓间
3、宾直宾） 基本句型五基本句型五: + + +O（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 英语简单句五种基本句型英语简单句五种基本句型 B: 五种句型五种句型基本句型基本句型 一一 特点特点: :句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等, ,不及物动词不直接加宾语，一般没被动。不及物动词不直接加宾语，一般没被动。 e.g. His words works.e.g. His words works. S SV 常见的不及物动词： Agree, appear出现
4、, arrive, come, go, dance, die, act, dream, exist存在, graduate毕业, happen, lie躺，leave, last持续，live, look, listen, rise升起，run, sit, stand站，stay待，留，work, wait等待. 造句： I agree. I agree with you.基本句型 二 特点：句子谓语动词都特点：句子谓语动词都不能不能表达一个完整的意思，表达一个完整的意思， 必须必须加上加上一个表明主语身份或状态的一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构构 成成复合谓语复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
5、，才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做( (连连) )系系动词。动词。 系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类： 1 1）be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义, ,只起连系主语和表语的只起连系主语和表语的 作用作用, ,后可接动词外的任何词；后可接动词外的任何词； 2 2）感官动词类）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等 +adj. 3）表示变化：）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go,come,run,fall等等 4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, turn out, remain
6、, 5）表像连系动词：）表像连系动词：seem,appear, +adj. +adj. S V (link-V.) P1.This is an English dictionary.2.Everything looks different.3. The weather becomes cooler.4. He seems (to be) very sad.5. She grew rich within a short time.6. The meat went bad because of the hot weather.7. The rumor proved false.8. His pla
7、n turned out a success.9. He always kept silent at meeting.10. This matter remains a mystery.11. There stands an old temple on the top of the hill. 基本句型基本句型 三三 特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。 e.g. We like the movi
8、e. S Vo S V (Vt.) O1.她经常帮她妈妈。她经常帮她妈妈。 She often helps her mother.2. 我想要一杯茶。我想要一杯茶。 I want a cup of tea.常见及物动词：常见及物动词：admire羡慕羡慕, admit, affect影响，影响，afford买得起买得起, break打破打破, defeat打败打败,destroy破坏破坏, devote致力致力, enjoy, discover发现发现, explain解释解释, forget, raise举起，饲养。举起，饲养。造句：造句：I admire my mother very mu
9、ch.I cant afford the car any more.Can you explain it to me? 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +InO +D 特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语才能表达完宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直直 接承受者接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。 通常可改为通常可改为 S +V+DO+prep.+InO e.g. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me. S V (Vt.) InO DO1.She pa
10、ssed him a new dress.2.John 告诉我他的想法。告诉我他的想法。 John told me his idea.常见的加双宾的及物动词有：常见的加双宾的及物动词有：与与to连用：连用：Give, hand, lend, offer, pass递递, show, teach, tell, wish, write。Pass me the dictionary=Pass the dictionary to me.He offered the old man his seat.=?与与for连用：连用：Buy, book预订预订, cook, purchase购买，购买，orde
11、r订购订购,Find, make制作：制作：I booked him two tickets.=I booked two tickets for me.My mother made me a new dress.=?The waiter found us an empty room. 基本句型基本句型 五五特点：动词虽然是特点：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个宾，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：能表达成判断原则：能表达成宾语宾语 是是/做做 e.
12、g. We made him the manager. SVOOC S V (Vt.) O OC1.We keep the table clean.2.I saw them getting on the bus.3. 他让我马上回来。他让我马上回来。 He asked me to come back soon. 加宾补的动词：加宾补的动词：1、使役动词：、使役动词：make+O+adj/n/do/done, have+O+do/doing/done, let+O+do/done, get+O+adj/to do/doing/done, (keep+O+adj, drive+O+adj驱使驱使,
13、 leave+O+doing/done, find+O+adj/doing/done)2、感官动词：、感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, observe,+O+do/doing/done(加加do时注时注意其被动形式还原意其被动形式还原to), catch+sb+doing.3、加宾语再加、加宾语再加to do 作宾补的动词：作宾补的动词：force, get, advise, allow, ask, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, intend, invite,
14、 order命令命令, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, urge敦促敦促,want, wish, warn. eg: I must get the washing machine repaired.The noise almost drove me mad.Dont keep the window open.I found it hard to speak French fluently.Dont leave the child standing outside for so long.When he woke up he foun
15、d the world outside changed.I often heard this song sung by young people.He is often heard to sing this song in his room.The poor little boy was made to work from dawn to dark.We caught the young man stealing a bike in front of the shop. Her parents forbade her to get home too late in the evening.Pl
16、ease remind me to call him when the meeting is over. 1.Plants need water. S+V+O ( 主主 + 谓谓+ 宾宾 ) 2.The flower is so fresh. S +V +P (主主 + 系系 + 表表) 3.They work hard. S +V (主主 + 谓谓 ) 4.He gives me some seeds. S +V +In O + DO (主主 + 谓谓 + 直宾直宾 + 间宾间宾) 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. S+V +O +OC (主
17、主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补) 6.Many animals live in trees. S + V (主主 + 谓谓) 基本句型的扩展基本句型的扩展: e.g. We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报我们发
18、现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe._ 同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，同一个动词使
19、用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时， 应应掌握动词的类型掌握动词的类型。以。以 get 为例：为例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) 在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找到了这本书。( S V O ） I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。
20、（S V O C） 1. Nouns (n.) 名词：名词： -主语主语(S)，宾语，宾语(O)，表语，表语(P)等等 2. Verbs (v.) 动词动词 -谓语谓语(V) （ vt. 及物动词及物动词 / vi. 不及物动词）不及物动词） 3. Pronouns （pron.) 代词：代词： -主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语等等 e.g. Kate has a piano. She likes it very much. _ S _ V _ O _ S _ V _O 4. Adjectives (adj.) 形容词：形容词： -定语定语(At.) 表语表语 （P） e.g. The ov
21、ercoat is very beautiful. This is a very beautiful overcoat.5. Adverbs (adv.) 副词：副词：-状语（状语（Ad.)6. Numerals (num.) 数词：数词： -定语，表语，主语等定语，表语，主语等 e.g. 25 (desks) _(be) enough. 7. Articles (art.) 冠词：冠词： 一般不单独构成句子成分一般不单独构成句子成分 (At.)(P) is8. Prepositions (prep.) 介词（介词（in, at, on, ) prep. +n. 介词短语介词短语-状语状语 (
22、Ad.),表语等表语等 e.g. We can see the bike under the tree. 9. Conjunctions (conj.) 连词连词 ( and, or, but, so) 一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10. Interjections ( interj.) 感叹词感叹词 (ah, oh, yeah) 一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用 按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种： 简单句，简单句， 并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Sm
23、ith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. - 4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句简单句并列句并
24、列句复合句复合句并列句并列句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 复合句复合句 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.SV_O_Ad.( )S_VSVO_OCS_VOOC并列复合句并列复合句 Analyze the sentences: I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sk
25、y, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.SV_ OcSVPAc（ ）_S_VOOC Its no pleasure looking through these anylonger because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. SVP_ _SAd.C(状从状从) SVP_At.C(定从定从) At first the English spoken in England between about
26、 AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.S()At.(定语定语)VP()At.(定语定语) Then gradually between about AD 800and 1150 English became less like Germanbecause those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. SVPAd.CSVO_()At. C(定从定从)A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S+v Homework1. Preview next Unit2. Analyze 5 sentences