《老托福浏览真题及答案PASSAGE1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《老托福浏览真题及答案PASSAGE1.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、老托福浏览真题及答案PASSAGE1老托福浏览真题及答案PASSAGE1为了帮助大家备考托福浏览，提高成绩，下面我给大家带来老托福浏览真题及答案:passage1，希望大家喜欢!老托福浏览真题及答案PASSAGE1Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,thetermiceboxhadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasus
2、edinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wen
3、ttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasr
4、udimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydid
5、inventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesig
6、ntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecoo
7、l.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Theinfluenceoficeonthediet(B)Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration(C)Thetransportationofgoodstomarket(D)Sourcesoficeinthenineteenthcentury2.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthewordiceboxbecomepartofthelanguageoftheUnitedStates?(A)in1803(B)sometimebefore1850(C)duringthecivi
8、lwar(D)neartheendofthenineteenthcentury3.Thephraseforward-lookinginline4isclosestinmeaningto(A)progressive(B)popular(C)thrifty(D)well-established4.Theauthormentionsfishinline4because(A)manyfishdealersalsosoldice(B)fishwasshippedinrefrigeratedfreightcars(C)fishdealerswereamongtheearlycommercialuserso
9、fice(D)fishwasnotpartoftheordinarypersonsdietbeforetheinventionoftheicebox5.Theworditinline5refersto(A)freshmeat(B)theCivilWar(C)ice(D)arefrigerator6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanobstacletothedevelopmentoftheicebox?(A)Competitionamongtheownersofrefrigeratedfreightcars(B)Thelackofane
10、tworkforthedistributionofice(C)Theuseofinsufficientinsulation(D)Inadequateunderstandingofphysics7.Thewordrudimentaryinline12isclosestinmeaningto(A)growing(B)undeveloped(C)necessary(D)uninteresting8.Accordingtotheinformationinthesecondparagraph,anidealiceboxwould(A)completelypreventicefrommelting(B)s
11、topairfromcirculating(C)allowicetomeltslowly(D)useblanketstoconserveice9.TheauthordescribesThomasMooreashavingbeenontherighttrack(lines18-19)toindicatethat(A)theroadtothemarketpassedclosetoMooresfarm(B)Moorewasanhonestmerchant(C)Moorewasaprosperousfarmer(D)Mooresdesignwasfairlysuccessful10.According
12、tothepassage,Mooresiceboxallowedhimto(A)chargemoreforhisbutter(B)traveltomarketatnight(C)manufacturebuttermorequickly(D)produceiceallyearround11.Theproducementionedinline25couldinclude(A)iceboxes(B)butter(C)ice(D)markets正确答案：BBACCDBCDAB托福浏览技巧之怎样巧用关键词?托福考试浏览部分一篇文章一般较长，所以一般是以段落为单位的。有时候可能会有学生讲我做题的时候并不会
13、去看整段啊，或者有学生讲我看懂了哎，但题目就是没做对啊!其实我们在浏览一个段落时要学会使用方法，是什么方法能够帮助我们快速浏览呢?要读懂一个段落我们只需要捉住几个关键词罢了。那么关键词怎么抓呢?一是看逻辑信号词;二是读句子的时候一定牢记只看主干!下面我们就以托福TPO25中的文章TheDeclineofVenetianShipping为例，讲讲怎样巧抓关键词。TPO25-2TheDeclineofVenetianShipping：Paragraph2ThisdeclinecanbeseenclearlyinthechangesthataffectedVenetianshippingandtra
14、de.First，VenicsintermediaryfunctionsintheAdriaticSea，whereithaddominatedthebusinessofshippingforotherparties，werelosttodirecttrading.Inthefifteenthcenturytherewaslittleproblemrecruitingsailorstorowthegalleys(largeshipspropelledbyoars)：guilds(businessassociations)wererequiredtoproviderowers，andthroug
15、hadraftsystemfreecitizensservedcompulsorilywhencalledfor.Intheearlysixteenthcenturytheshortageofrowerswasnotseriousbecausethedemandforgalleyswaslimitedbyamovetoroundships(round-hulledshipswithmorecargospace)，withrequiredfewerrowers.Buttheshortageofcrewsprovedtobeagreaterandgreaterproblem，despitecont
16、inuousappealtoVenicstraditionofmaritimegreatness.EventhoughsailorswagesdoubledamongthenorthernItaliancitiesfrom1550to1590，thisdidnotelicitanincreasedsupply.以上算得上是托福浏览中较长的段落了，在快速浏览这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是：逻辑信号词如段落中所标示的first，but，this我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多加留意。当然，捉住这些关键词并不难，难在理解。接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时
17、的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。ThisdeclinecanbeseenclearlyinthechangesthataffectedVenetianshippingandtrade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes，再看到Venetianshippingandtrade。这篇文章接下来详细要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。First，这当然是开场写shipping的标志了。VenicesintermediaryfunctionsintheAdriaticSea，whereithaddominatedthebusinessofshippingfo
18、rotherparties，werelosttodirecttrading.我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是Venicesfunctionswerelost，核心词很显然是lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题decline.接下来两句写到了15和16世纪碰到的船员难招的问题。therewaslittleproblemrecruitingsailorstorowthegalleys(largeshipspropelledbyoars)：guilds(businessassociations)wererequiredtoproviderowers，andthroughadraftsy
19、stemfreecitizensservedcompulsorilywhencalledfor.这句话中有冒号的出现，浏览冒号之前的内容therewaslittleproblem;到下一句：theshortageofrowerswasnotseriousbecausethedemandforgalleyswaslimitedbyamovetoroundships(round-hulledshipswithmorecargospace)，withrequiredfewerrowers.这句中要看到的核心是notserious;再往后看到But.tobeagreaterandgreaterprob
20、lem.到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：littleproblemnotseriousgreaterproblem.刚刚我们讲了文章浏览部分要抓关键词，其实我们在浏览题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些题目的选项是比拟长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要捉住关键词判定才行，如否认词、比拟词和并列词。这些是快速阅读选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福TPO25为例：TPO25-1TheSurfaceofMarsParagraph5AsontheMoon，theextentoflargeim
21、pactcratering(i.e.craterstoobigtohavebeenfilledinbyerosionsincetheywereformed)servesasanageindicatorfortheMartiansurface.AgeestimatesrangingfromfourbillionyearsforMarsssouthernhighlandstoafewhundredmillionyearsintheyoungestvolcanicareaswereobtainedinthisway。Accordingtoparagraph5，whathavescientistsbe
22、enabletodeterminefromstudiesoflargeimpactcrateringonMars?A.SomeMartianvolcanoesaremucholderthanwasoncethought。B.TheageofMarsssurfacecanvaryfromareatoarea。C.Largeimpactcratersarenotreliableindicatorsofageinareaswithhighvolcanicactivity。D.SomeareasoftheMartiansurfaceappeartobeolderthantheyactuallyare。
23、划出选项中的关键词后，定位到原文迅速阅读发现原文中并无如A和D选项中的比拟，C中的否认词not和原文是明显相矛盾的，故而选择B，而B选项对应的恰好是本段末句：AgeestimatesrangingfromfourbillionyearsforMarsssouthernhighlandstoafewhundredmillionyearsintheyoungestvolcanicareaswereobtainedinthisway。根据以上分析，我们应该明白在浏览之时何为关键词。简单地讲有定位关键词和判定关键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词，还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号词了，不要忘
24、记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判定关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇，包括否认词，比拟词或者是句子主干中的动词等，根据这些词和原文进行对应，至少有一半的选项能够迅速被排除。托福浏览怎么提高?一、概括地观察在练习时我们会读一些文章或者段子，首先我们能够进行略读。对于文章的首段或者每段的内容进行概括，我们就能够知道这些文章都讲了些什么，而不是去通读，逐字去读，逐词去读，这样不浪费时间，而且对于本人的浏览能力的提升也是微乎其微的。二、学会来引导浏览当你在读托福浏览文章的时候，能够为文章的标题、副题、图片及首句设定问题，能够把它们写在各本人的位置，这样你在看问题的时候，就能够帮助你更明晰的了解文章的内容了
25、。三、学会做标记假如在托福浏览的时候，我们假如碰到了所答问题关键词或者短语，我们要将它标记下来，并且要将它们积累起来。由于假如这里考到了，讲明之后可以能会考到，这些关键记号和短语就是我们平常练习时需要的积累的知识，不但在之后做浏览题或许会用得到，在托福考试的其它学科可能也是会用得到的。四、要学会提问题在浏览的时候，考生要学会提问题，在浏览完一个段落之后，能够在每段的句首位置写出一个问题，当你看到这个问题的就会想到这个段落讲的是什么意思。这样不让本人的对段落有了清楚的认识，还能做到很的归纳总结的作用。五、学会举一反三在托福浏览的整个学习经过中，考生要学会类推，也就是在你完全把握了文章内容之后，对于文章中出现的一些问题，我们能够把它联络到日常的生活当中，假如在生活当中我们会怎么样，利用这样的联带的关系，考生能够愈加的对浏览文章时行融汇贯穿，大在的提高本人的浏览兴趣和能力。这也是托福浏览提高的一个很好的途径。老托福浏览真题及答案PASSAGE1