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1、 形容词和副词的形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级比较级和最高级Unit 3-4 By Huang Heli形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名 词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。 它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词 的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语. 一、形容词和副词的概念一、形容词和副词的概念形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 如如: a new book
2、, two big trees, a lucky boy等等。二、形容词和副词的用法二、形容词和副词的用法形容词放在系动词形容词放在系动词be 、look、 get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、 taste、 smell 、sound等之后等之后。如如:1.I am short and heavy. 2.She looks fine. 3.The trees turn green. 4. He feels happy. 5.That sounds interesting. 6.I feel well. (adj.)如果如果形容词形容词修饰不定代词修饰不定代词somet
3、hing, anything, everything, nothing等时，等时，要放在不定代词后面。要放在不定代词后面。如如: something special nothing new somewhere interesting something else副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之前词之前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如如: 1.She works hard .（修饰动词） 2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词） 3.He runs too quickly .（修饰副词） 4.We pl
4、ay happily. （修饰动词） 5. I like math very much. （修饰动词）通常在形容词后加通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。变成副词。slow _ real _usual _ careful_easy _ happy _heavy _ angry _lucky _ safe _ terrible_ true _slowlyusuallyeasilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrilyluckilysafelyterriblytruly下列词既是形容词又是副词下列词既是形容词又是副词如如: hard, late, early, far
5、, near, alone, straight, fast等等 He works hard.(副词，努力地）副词，努力地） Its hard work. (形容词，难的形容词，难的)She is alone at home, but never feel lonely.She lives alone in Shanghai. (adv.)They stood there straight. (adv.)She has straight, black hair. (adj.)He is so early every day. (adj.)He gets up early every day. (
6、adv.)bigbiggerLook at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand understand 看图并理解Look at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand understand 看图并理解bigbiggerbiggestfastLook at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand understand 看图并理解fastfasterLook at the pictures and
7、Look at the pictures and understand understand 看图并理解fastfasterfastestLook at the Look at the pictures pictures and understand and understand 看图并理解三、形容词和副词的级三、形容词和副词的级形容词和副词有三个等级：形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。原级：即形容词和副词的原形。 small, good, pretty, big, many hard, happily, slowly, quic
8、kly 程度副词程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容等修饰形容词和副词的原级。词和副词的原级。 如：如：very tall、 too hot、 so cold quite interesting run quickly asas ,(与与一样）一样） not as（so)as （与（与不一样）中间用原级。不一样）中间用原级。The story is as interesting as that one.This question is not as / so difficult as that one.2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。标志词：标志
9、词：than (比）比） 单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加音节词通常在之前加more. 如如:smaller, better, taller, older, more, harder,thinner, happier, more loudy more interesting , more quickly3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。的比较。 标志词：标志词：in+大范围大范围, of all, of +the+具具体的数字体的数字 （两者以上用最高级） 单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-
10、est结尾；多音节或部分双结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加音节词通常在之前加most. 在形容词的最高在形容词的最高级前必须加级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。如副词之前可以不加。如 ：smallest, tallest, biggest, best, earliest, thinnest, most outgoing, most carefully 构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er/或或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母以字母e结尾的形容词，加结尾的形容词，加-r或或
11、-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加再加-es或或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的双结尾的双音节词，先改音节词，先改“+y”结结尾尾的的双双音音节节词词，先先改改“y”为为“i”,再加再加-er或或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或mosttiredmore tiredmost tire
12、deasilymore easilymost easily 不规则变化，不规则变化，要多加注意哦！要多加注意哦！ good bad many little well badly much far betterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastbetterbestfartherfarthestworseworstmoremostimportant _ _ easy_ _ wet_ _ happy_ _ careful _ _ thin _ _ good_ _ hot _ _ easily _ _ many_ _ nice _ _ big _ _heavy_ _deli
13、cious_ _much_ _给出下列词的比较级和最高级给出下列词的比较级和最高级 more importantmost importanteasiereasiestwetterwettesthappierhappiestmore carefulmost carefulthinnerthinnestbetterbesthotterhottestmore easilymost easilymoremostnicernicestbiggerbiggestheavierheaviestmore deliciousmost deliciousmoremostMore examples:1.Mary i
14、s cleverer than her little sister.2.The new building is higher than the old one.3.His shirt is more expensive than mine.4.Kate is more beautiful than Lily is. 5.She is five years older than I am.6.He is 2 centimeters taller than her.7.This ruler is 20 centimeters longer than that one.比较级的用法：比较级的用法：
15、than1.汤姆比杰克高.2.这只箱子要比那只箱子大.3.那些苹果比这些大.4.第一个问题很容易第一个问题很容易,但第二个更容易但第二个更容易.Tom is taller than Jack.This box is bigger than that one.Those apples are bigger than these ones.The first question is very easy, but the second one is easier.(2) 数量的比较数量的比较1.我的笔比你的多.2.我喝的茶比他多.3.他吃的饭比我少.4.一班的学生比二班多.I have more p
16、ens than you (do).I drink more tea than he (does).He has less rice than I (do).There are more students in Class 1 than in Class 2.More examples:1.He is the youngest of all the children.2.This book is the most interesting of all books.3.America is the most developed country in the world.4.The Changji
17、ang River is the longest river in China.5.He is one of the greatest scientists in China.6.The city is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.7.Lucy is one of the tallest girls in her class.8.Give my best wishes to you.9.He is my best friend.形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级的用法(in; of)那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的那个短发的女孩是我们班最
18、高的.今天是一年中最热的一天今天是一年中最热的一天.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.上海是中国最大的城市上海是中国最大的城市.The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class.Today is the hottest day of the year.His room is the cleanest of the three.Shanghai is the largest in China.1.The new building is higher than the old one.Those apples are bi
19、gger than these ones.2.His shirt is more expensive than mine.如果主语是物主代词如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词。比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在特别注意在than或或 as 之后不要漏掉可能出现之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词的替代词 that ，those, one ,ones. 3.Kate is more beautiful than Lily is
20、. She is five years older than I am. I drink more tea than he (does).than前后句子的时态相同。通常用前后句子的时态相同。通常用be动词动词情态动词情态动词can, may, must, could, should和助动和助动词词do, does ,did, will，have等来简答。等来简答。4.I have more pens than you (do).many,much,little,few等词必须带名词。等词必须带名词。5.The city is one of the most beautiful cities
21、in the world.one of+ the+最高级最高级+复数名词复数名词 Which/Who+ 比较级，比较级，A or B? Which/Who+ 最高级，最高级，A ，B or C?6.Who is older, Jim or Tom ? Who is the tallest, Jim , Mike or Tom Which language is _ , English, French or Chinese?A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficultC7. Mary is the tallest of all the
22、sisters in the family .在使用形容词最高级时，一定要把自己包括在使用形容词最高级时，一定要把自己包括 在比较的范围内。在比较的范围内。8.This is the third largest city in China . 当表示当表示“第二，第三第二，第三”等意思时，经常在最高等意思时，经常在最高级的前面加级的前面加second, third,等词。等词。 9.Its our largest machine in our factory. 当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词定冠词the. 双音节或多音节形容词和副词的比较级双音节
23、或多音节形容词和副词的比较级 和最高级的特殊情况：和最高级的特殊情况：1、一般是在原级前加、一般是在原级前加more构成比较级，在原级前加构成比较级，在原级前加most构构成最高级。成最高级。 beautiful more beautiful most beautiful interesting more interesting most interesting dangerous more dangerous most dangerous 2、某些单音节形容词，加、某些单音节形容词，加more, most 构成比较级和最高级。构成比较级和最高级。 glad more glad most gl
24、ad pleased more pleased most pleased tired more tired most tired often-more often- most often3、表示在两者之间相差的程度用表示在两者之间相差的程度用“具体数字具体数字+比较级比较级+ than+ 比较对象比较对象”。eg: The road is two metres longer than that one . 这条公路比那条公路长两米。这条公路比那条公路长两米。 This pencil is four inches shorter than that one . 这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。这只铅
25、笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。4、有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加、有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或或est构构成比较级和最高级，也可以加成比较级和最高级，也可以加more 和和most构成比较构成比较级和最高级。级和最高级。 friendly huge calm free true clever5、形容词原级的比较。、形容词原级的比较。 形容词的原级与形容词的原级与asas连用表示肯定意思，是连用表示肯定意思，是“和和一样一样”的意思；与的意思；与not as/ so as连用表示否定连用表示否定意义，是意义，是“不如不如”或或“不一样不一样”的含义。的含义。She is as prett
26、y as her mother.The book is as new as that one.The story is as interesting as that one.The question is not as / so difficult as that one.My bike is not as / so good as yours.6、形容词比较级的修饰。、形容词比较级的修饰。比较级前面可以用比较级前面可以用even(更加更加)，much(得多得多)，far(得多得多)，a little(一点一点)，a bit(一点一点)，a lot(大量大量)，still(还，还要还，还要)等
27、词语表示不定程等词语表示不定程度或数量。度或数量。eg: I am even less lucky. She is far better than me at writing. This pen is much better than that one. Tom is a little shorter than his friend Jim.7. 7. 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级 + + and + + 形容词的比形容词的比较级较级 （前后形容词是同一个）（前后形容词是同一个） 越来越越来越She is becoming thinner and thinner.Our country is
28、becoming richer and richer.There are more and more students in our school.Living in the world is becoming more and more difficult.8、the + 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级 + + the +形容词的比较级形容词的比较级 表示表示“ 越越，就越，就越”The more you eat, the fatter you will be.The harder you study, the more you will get.The smaller the house i
29、s, the less it will cost.The sooner, the better.9、the + 形容词比较级形容词比较级 + of 短语短语 两者中比较两者中比较的一个的一个 She is the prettier of the two girls. The bike is the older of the two. His is the taller of the two. This one is the more beautiful of the the two picture.10.表示表示“是是的几倍的几倍”，用，用“倍数倍数+as+原级原级+as”结构，或者结构，或者
30、“倍数倍数+比较级比较级+than”结构。结构。 eg: This classroom is three times as big as that one. This classroom is twice bigger than that one.Make Comparisons1. Write down the comparatives and the superlatives of these wordsbignicelongnewcheapyounglatesafethirsty heavyeasyhardhighfewoldthinexpensiveinterestingcareful
31、lyquicklygoodbadlittlefarmany/muchFollow ups(随堂练习)1、-Mr Zhou, all of the students in our group, who lives _? -I think Li Lei does. A. fat B. father C. farthest D. farest2、The Changjiang River is _ than any other river in China. A. shorter B. longer C. shortest D. longest3、Bob never dose his homework
32、 _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as4、_ she is, _ she feels. A. The more busy, the more happy B. The busy, the happy C. Busier, happier D.The busier, the happier5、The weather is getting _ . (越来越糟糕)CBBD Dworse and worse 。 1.Which do you
33、 like _(well),apples or oranges?2.Who is _(old),Jim or Tom ?3.Jack is running _ and _(fast) .4.Our country is becoming _and _ (beautiful). 5.He is _(tall) of the the two boys. betterolderfasterfastermore more beatifulthe taller4.Find out the mistakes in the sentences below.1. All of us felt happily at her birthday party. 2. I am more older than Harry.3. Her coat is newer than you.4. The weather in Beijing is colder than in Xiamen.5. Sue is one of the tall girls in her class. happymuchyours. that tallest