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1、跨文化交际期末考试复习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题Definethefollowingitems:1.interculturalcommunication:issimplydefinedasinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackground.2.interethniccommunication:referstocommunicationbetweenpeopleofthesameracebutdifferentethnicbackgrounds.3.verba
2、lcommunication：communicationdonebothorallyandinwrittenlanguage.4.nonverbalcommunication:involvesallnonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthathaspotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.4.Monochronictime一元时间观念:meanspayingattentiontoan
3、ddoingonlyonethingatatime.5.Polychronictime多元时间观念:meansbeinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.6.ethnocentrism：theviewofthingsinwhichonesowngroupisthecenterofeverything,andallothersarescaledandratedwithreferencetoit.7.stereotypes：referstonegativeorpositivejudgmentmadeaboutindividualsbasedonanyobservableor
4、believedgroup跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题membership.针对目的群体成员所特有的正面或方面的判定。8.encodingistheactofputtinganideaorthoughtintoacode.编码：是指将思想转换成代码的行为经过。9.Cultureidentity:referstoonessenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.文化身份：指有意识地把本人归为某一特定文化或种族群体。10.Subcultureareformedbygroupsofpeoplepossessingchara
5、cteristictraitsthatsetapartanddistinguishthemfromotherswithinalargersocietyordominantculture.亚文化:具有能在更大的一个社会范围内或主流文化中使本人有别于别人的特点的人类群体所构成的文化。11.Cultureshock文化震惊:isafeelingoffrustration,uneasiness,oruncertaintythatmanypeopleexperienceinunknownsettings.12.Taboo禁忌语：referstosomeobjects,wordsoractionsthat
6、areavoidedbyaparticulargroupofpeople,orincertaincultureforreligiousorsocialreasons.在特定文化中出于宗教或社会原因被一特定群体所避免使用的一些词语或行为。13.Paralanguage副语言：referstotherate,pitchandvolumequalitiesofthevoice,whichinterruptortemporarilytaketheplaceofspeechandaffectthemeaningofamessage是与白话交际有关，指讲的速度，音高，和质量，这些要素会打断或临时取代语言并
7、影响信息的语意表达.跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题doczj/doc/79cbaf3f58fafab068dc0223.municationnoise干扰Anyfactorthathindersordistortsthereceptionofthemessage15.Decoding解码Theinterpretativeprocessofassigningmeaningtoamessage.16.Denotation：istheconceptualmeaningofthewordthatdesignatesordescribesthings,eventsorprocesses
8、,etc.17.Connotation：referstotheemotionalorstylisticassociationsthatawordorphrasesuggestsinonesmind.18.spacebubbleWhenpeoplearehavingconversationwithsomeoneelse,theygenerallyliketohavealittlebubbleofspaceallaroundthem.Thislittlebubbleofspaceextendsoneortwooreventhreefeetallaroundourbodies.Wetendtovie
9、wthisasourpersonalspace,evenifweneverthinkaboutit.19.reversecultureshock:isthenamepeoplegivetothatfeelingofnotfittingintoyourhomecountry,andyouareespeciallyatriskofitifyoureturnhomeafterlivingabroadforanextendedtime.Answerthefollowingquestions:(1).Whatisthedifferencebetweenindividualismandcollectivi
10、sm?Anindividualismcultureisoneinwhichpeopletendtoview跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题themselvesasindividualsandtoemphasizetheneedsofindividuals.ItisregardedasathreattothegroupandwillresultinpunishmentbythegroupinsomecountrylikeJapan.Acollectivismcultureisoneinwhichpeopletendtoviewthemselvesasmembersofgroups
11、(families,workunits,tribes,nations)andusuallyconsidertheneedsofindividuals.Itvaluesthegroupabovetheindividual,andindividualshavearesponsibilitytothegroupthatsupersedesindividualneedsorrights.(2).Featuresofculture1.Cultureislearnedbehaviour2.Cultureisusuallyacquiredunconsciously3.Cultureissharedamong
12、itsmembers4.Cultureispersistentandenduring5.Culturemanifestsitselfbothimplicitlyandexplicitly6.Cultureisadaptiveandchangeable7.Cultureisrelational(3).WhatisCultureshock.p129Cultureshockisafeelingoffrustration,uneasiness,oruncertaintythatmanypeopleexperienceinunknownsettings.Cultureshockisamultifacet
13、edexperienceresultingfromnumerousstressorsoccurringincontactwithadifferentculture.跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题CauseofCultureshock1.Stressreaction3.roleshock2.Cognitivefatigue4.personalshock(4).ComponentsofCommunication：SenderAnypersonthatproducesthemessageSource交际邀请Thesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshed
14、esirestocommunicate.Code代码AnysystematicarrangementorcomprehensivecollectionofsymbolsEncoding编码Encodingistheactofputtinganideaorthoughtintoacode.Message编码信息ThetermmessageisthecontentofinteractionChannel交际渠道Themodebywhichamessagemovesfromthesourceofthemessagetothereceiverofthemessage.Noise干扰Anyfactort
15、hathindersordistortsthereceptionofmessages.跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题Receiver交际接受ThepersonthatreceivesthemessageinthecommunicationResponse反响ThereactionofthereceivertothedecodedmessageFeedback反应Informationgeneratedbythereceiverandmadeavailabletoasourcethatallowsthesourcetomakequalitativejudgmentsaboutt
16、hecommunicationwhileitistakingplace(5)Whatisnonverbalcommunication?Nonverbalcommunicationinvolvesallnonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthathaspotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.(6).CulturedifferenceonlexicallevelThelexicalme
17、aningofculturedifferencecanlargelybegroupedintotwotypes:denotationandconnotation.Denotationistheconceptualmeaningofthewordthatdesignatesordescribesthings,eventsorprocesses,etc.Itistheprimary,explicitmeaninggiveninthedefinitionofawordinadictionary.Connotationreferstotheemotionalorstylisticassociationsthatawordorphrasesuggestsinonesmind.Itistheimplicit,跨文化交际期末考试温习题跨文化交际期末考试温习题supplementaryvaluewhichisaddedtothepurelydenotativemeaningofawordorphrase.