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1、三段十二句作文法英语简单句的五种基本构造:1.S-Vi(主+谓),如:Thesunwasshining.2.S-Vt-P(主+系+表),如:ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.3.S-Vt-O(主+谓+宾),如:Heenjoysreading.4.S-Vt-o-O(主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语),如:Igavehimabook.4.S-Vt-O-OC(主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语),如:Ipaintmyroompink.注意:简单句的谓语动词只能有一个,若还要表达动词的意思,能够使用非谓语动词的形式,或者将简单句加上并列或者附属连词变成并列句或者复合句才行。三段十二句
2、作文法四、六级作文体裁大多是议论文,而议论文的写作方法通常采用“三段论法,即第一段提出论题(开始段),第二段进行论证(中间段或支持段),第三段给出结论(结尾段)。下面就简单介绍一下写这三部分时的一些技巧。l.开始段常言道:好的开场是成功的一半。文章的开篇出色是给评卷者留下好印象的关键。因而,文章的开始段要合适主题的需要,要有利于下文的展开;简明生动,引人人胜,能激发渎者的兴趣;开门见山,揭示文章主题,交代写作目的,唤起读者情感上的共鸣。请看下面的开始段:TodaysTVprogramsaremuchtooviolent.Asurveyhasrecentlyshownthatinoneweeko
3、feveningsspentbeforeaTVset,apersonmaywitnesseighty一fivekillings.这一开始段提出了要展开讨论的主题,揭示了全文的主要内容并且以难以置信的或出人意料的数字开始,激起读者了解下文的急迫愿望。开始段的写作根据不同的题目可采取不同的方法,常用的方法有下面几种:(1)引用法:以一段引言作为段落的开始,借助别人的观点来加强文章的力度。引言能够是名人格言、谚语或流行语等。如:Asthesayinggoes,timeflies.Howtospendyourtimeproperlyisbecomingincreasinglyimportanttoev
4、eryone.(2)提问法:提出一个或一连串的问题,以激起读者的兴趣,进而引出主题。如关于“交朋友一文的开始段:Doyouhavemanyfriends?Aretheysimilartoyouordifferentfromyou?Whichkindoffriendsdoyouprefer?(3)定义法:对题目中关键词作一些简单的(或正面或反面的)解释,限定其范围,有利于引出主题。如:Whatisdecisiveness?Itdoesntmeanactrashly(反面定义)Whatisadvertisement?Itisthewordsorpicturesusedonmedia.TV,fore
5、xample,topublicizeacertainproductorgiveawarningtopeople(正面定义)(4)数字法:以针对某一问题客观报道的数字作为文章的开始,可引起读者的注意且具有讲服力。这种方法尤其适用于图表作文。如:ThepopulationofUSisgrowingrapidlyfrom1800untilnow.In1800thepopulationwaslessthan1,000,000,butin1999theUSreachesapopulationof250,000,000.Thisrapidpopulationgrowthhasseriouseffectso
6、nthelivingenvironmentsofwildlife.(5)故事法:用简短有趣的小故事引起读者的兴趣,进而提出本人的观点。如:Mostofusmayhavesuchexperiences:whenyougotosomeplacefarawayfromthecitywhereyouliveandthinkyouknownobodythem,youaresurprisedtofindthatyourunintooneofyouroldclassmatesonthestreet,perhapsbothofyouwouldcryout:“Whatasmallworld!(6)开门见山法:在
7、文章的开始就把本人的观点摆出来,然后展开阐述。如:Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend.Societyismadeupofindividuals,andmakingfriendsisaveryimportantpartinourlife.(7)间接开始法:以叙述别人的观点开场,引出本人的看法。如:Peopleoftensaythatmoneycanbuyallthings,butIdontthinkitistrue.Somesaythatlovemakestheworldgoround.Othersofalessromanticandmorepr
8、acticalturnofmindsaythatitisntlove,butmoney.Butthetruthisthatitistheenergythatmakestheworldgoround.(8)概括法:先概括总结文章内容涉及的现状。然后引出主题。如:Inrecentyears,whileourindustriesandbusinesseshavedevelopedquickly,thenumberoftreesinmanybigcitieshasdramaticallyreduced.Effortsarebeingmadetopreventpeoplefromcuttingmoret
9、rees,buttorealizethesignificanceofmakingcitiesgreenerisofgreatimportance.详细写作时有时不只使用一种开始法,能够综合上述两种或两种以上的方法。比方上述定义法中的两个例子同时兼有定义法和提问法的特点。2。中间段(支持段)中间段是用以发展、拓宽开始段中所提文章主题的段落。中间段和文章的主题严密相关:主题限制着中间段的内容,中闯段必须支持主题,即中间段的内容必须从不同的角度讲明、叙述、论证文章的主题。中间段常用的表达方法主要有例证法、比拟与比照法、因果法等。试看下面两篇文章的中间段:AsanEnglishlearner!Ifin
10、ditverydifficulttoformalanguagesense.ItisbecauseIalwaystrytotranslateeverywordorsentenceintoChinese.WheneverIwanttoexpressmyselfeitherinwritingorinspeaking,IoftenthinkinChinesefirst,andthenputitintoEnglishAsaresult,ImakelittleprogressinmyEnglishstudy.此中间段用因果法展开段落,讲明产生问题的原因:alwaystranslateEnglishinto
11、Chinese。Thediscriminationagainstwomenisveryobviousinreality.Inthefactoryoroffice,itisafemaleworkerorclerknotamaleonewhoislaidofffirst.Inthepoorfamily,itisthegirlnottheboywhohastodropoutofschool.Inthecollege,itisdifficultforgirlstudentstofindgoodjobs.Whatapity!此中间段用了例证法(Inthefactoryoroffice,Inthepoor
12、family,inthecollege)和比照法(itisROt)来展开段落。段中使用了三个平行旬讲明现实中的男女不平等现象。3结尾段结尾段是文章的总结和主题思想的升华,它应起到再次肯定和强调主题的作用。好的结尾段应简短有力,言简意赅,意味深长。总之文章的结尾应该遵循两条原则:一是照应开始;二是总结全文,给读者一个完好的印象。和文章的开始一样,文章的结尾方法也是多种多样的,而非千篇一律。常见方法有如下几种:(1)总结法或重述法:在结尾段概括重述全文的中心思想,但不要简单重复主题旬,而要在思想上保持一致,在句式和措辞上有所变化。例如在阐述电视的优劣时,文章能够这样结尾:Onthewholethe
13、rearemoreadvantagesthandisadvantagesintheuseofTV.YetdifferentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardTV.Butwemustrealizethattelevisioninitselfisneithergoodnorbad.Itsvaluetopeopleandsocietydependsonhowwelookatit.(2)建议法:就前文提到的问题进行分析、比拟之后,往往提出一些解决问题的方法或建议,此法尤其适用于有争议的问题或讲理性的文章。如:Itishightimeforgovernmentofdev
14、elopingcountriestodosomethingtoencouragetheirpeopletoeatthefightkindsoffoodsoastohelpthemimprovetheirhealthconditions.(3)评价法:在结尾处结合本人的实际,对文章中提到的观点进行评价,明确个人的立场,或淡出个人的爱好、做法。比方考题要求考生写出保持健康的方法,并讲明本人的健身途径,那么文章能够这样结尾:Astomypractices,Ijogforhalfanhourinthemorningeveryday,playbasketballintheafternoonandgosw
15、immingonweekends.Theregularphysicalexercisesmakemestrongandhealthy.(4)引语法:用格言、谚语或习语来总结全文。所引用的名言一定要与前面的观点相符,以让读者接受论点。例如关于“Books一文的结尾:Inparticular,IenjoywhatFrancisBaconsaid“Studiesservefordelight,forornamentandforability.(5)预测法:根据上文提出的论点,预测该问题将来的发展,或对读者提出警告或希望。如:Thedecreaseoftobaccoproductionandtheno
16、nsmokingcampaignsaregoodsignsforustopredictthattobaccoconsumptionshouldbegoingdownwitheverypassingdaywhilepeopleshealthbegettingbetterdaily.(6)瞻望或期望法:表示对将来的瞻望或等待读者投入行动。如:IamsurethatChinesewillbecomeoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworldinthenextcentury.AsChinawillopenfurthertotheoutsideworld,thela
17、nguageissuretobespreadworldwide.(7)反问法:固然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定,具有明显的强调作用。引起读者考虑。如:So,whatcanwebenefitfromwealthifwedonothavehealth?以上介绍的就是四、六级作文中常用的“二三段论法的一些写作技巧。接下来的问题是,这二段的篇幅该怎样安排?考生一定希望既让作文到达字数要求又不至于写得过多,由于写得过多,一方面会更多地暴露本人语言上的弱点,另一方面又会占用太多的珍贵时间,还容易离题。解决这些问题的一个有效办法就是采用十二句作文法:如前所述四级作文大多是三段式这样算一下,假如每段写四句话即主
18、题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句,这样全篇在十二句左右。每一句十多个字,这样就是四、六级作文要求的120150字。要知足规定的字数要求,又要注意不能写得过多,言多必失。同时要注意分层次来展开主题,而不要写成流水账例如,在讲健康的重要性时,有的同学先讲“健康非常重要,然后就写“吃菠菜非常重要,由于菠菜含有丰富的铁。铁对人是非常重要的,由于这样的作文就没有中心,像流水账。避免写成流水账的方法是不要就前一句中的一个非重点词序进行描绘。英语四六级作文四六级写作基本情况介绍全国大学英语四六级考试中写作的时间是30分钟,满分是15分710分制中,106.5满分,63.9及格,占总分的15%。四级要求字数至少
19、为120,六级至少为150。评分标准?此题满分为15分,篇幅要求120字左右。阅卷人员就总的印象,从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判,给出奖励分(RewardScores)。详细评分标准能够参考下面要求:?白卷、作文与题目毫不相关,或只要几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分;达不到字数要求的,要酌情扣1-3分;?只写一段者:0-4分;只写两段者:0-9分指规定三段的作文。那种写八段的作文一般来讲只得两分。?另外请参照下面要求与对应分数,在评卷时视实际情况加减:?2分条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎。一塌糊涂?5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。糊里
20、糊涂?8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中一些是严重错误。马马虎虎?11分切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。清清爽爽?14分切题。表达思想清楚,文字通畅,连贯性好。无语言错误。漂漂亮亮高分作文标志1.四级150-180字;六级180200字;2.能否长短句穿插;句型能否有变化;3.用词能否恰当,准确,形象,尽量使用能够吸引阅卷教师眼球的闪光词;4.关键词能否换用,切勿老用重复词;5.构造条理能否合理明晰;人称不做过多变化;时态不来回变化;请注意不管是什么类型的作文命题、给定提纲、图表简单明了地写三段,一般都不会有错;最好每一段都有主题句和过渡
21、句。6.卷面整洁,书写规范。评卷特点语言是关键?按正规的作文要求,文章的语言、构造和内容是有机的整体,三者分量同等重要。而在四六级国内考试中,此三者的分量逐级递减。语言第一、构造次之、内容再次。四六级的判卷经过决定了这个顺序。文章的构造,根据题干的提示大多数学生都会写成三段文章,一目了然。极少有超过5段,或者只写1段者。所以不会是判定分数高下的重要标准。文章的内容需要阅卷人在通读文章后才能做出客观判定完成的任务。这种做法直接决定了语言的正确和地道是高分的主要决定因素。怎样提高作文水平??1欣赏范文,但不要囫囵吞枣式地整篇背诵。准备一个写作专用的笔记本,从范文欣赏中摘抄本人喜欢的、教师讲评的、值
22、得推荐的句式构造。?2模拟名句,但不要生搬硬套。准备足够的草稿纸,把本人摘抄来的名句。?3巧用心思,套用经典句型。利用经典句型组装一些长句子、靓句子和复杂句子对作文高分非常有帮助。比方作文开始常用句型:Itisundoubtedthat;thereisnodoubtthat;undoubtedly,thereis;Itisbeyonddoubtthat.一些详细的技巧1.适当用被动代替主动,这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开始不要总是用we/I。eg.Weshouldpayattentiontothisproblem.Youdbettersay-Attentionshouldbepaidtothi
23、sproblem.2.擅长使用插入语,比方讲把副词、连接词等,作插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。例如:however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入语放在中间,一般放在动词,助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。eg.Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethat3.一定要学会换词,换形象,详细的代替太广泛的。考试中一般不要出现good,bad,many,thing,think,people,opinion等等eg.Manypeoplethinkweshouldstudyhard.Youdbet
24、tersayAvastmajorityofcollegestudentstakeitforgrantedthatstudyshouldbetakenseriously.英语四六级五大类作文写法作文分类:?对立观点型?解决问题型?谚语警句型?图表图画型?应用写作型解决问题型?模版一Nowadays,therearemoreandmoreXXinsomebigcities.Itisestimatedthat(1).WhyhavetherebeensomanyXX?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstoneisthat(2).Besides,(3)
25、.Thethirdreasonis(4).Tosumup,themaincauseofXXisdueto(5).Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Foronething,(6).Ontheotherhand,(7).AllthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberofXX.解决问题型注释:1用详细数据讲明XX现象2原因一3原因二4原因三5指出主要原因6解决建议一7解决建议二?GenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildrenNowadays,therearemoreandmoremi
26、sunderstandingbetweenparentsandchildrenwhichisso-calledgenerationgap.Itisestimatedthat(75percentagesofparentsoftencomplaintheirchildrensunreasonablebehaviorwhilechildrenusuallythinktheirparentstoooldfashioned).Whyhavetherebeensomuchmisunderstandingbetweenparentsandchildren?Maybethereasonscanbelisted
27、asfollows.Thefirstoneisthat(thetwogenerations,havinggrownupatdifferenttimes,havedifferentlikesanddislikes,thusthedisagreementoftenrisesbetweenthem).Besides(duetohavinglittleincommontotalkabout,theyarenotwillingtositfacetoface).Thethirdreasonis(withthepaceofmodernlifeecomingfasterandfaster,bothofthem
28、aresobusywiththeirworkorstudythattheydontspareenoughtimetoexchangeideas).Tosumup,themaincauseofXXisdueto(lakeofcommunicationandunderstandingeachother).Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Foronething(childrenshouldrespecttheirparents).Ontheotherhand,(parentsalsoshouldshowsolicitudefortheirchildre
29、n).Allthesemeasureswillcertainlybridgethegenerationgap.模块2?Thesedaysweoftenhearthat(1).Itiscommonthat(2).Whydoessuchcircumstanceoccurinspiteofsocialprotects?Foronethin,(3).Foranother,(4).Whatismore,since(5),itisnaturalthat(6).Tosolvetheproblemisnoteasyatall,butisworthtrying.Weshoulddosomethingsuchas
30、(7)toimprovethepresentsituation,andIdobelieveeverythingwillbebetterinthefuture.注释:1)提出论题2讲明现状3理由一4)理由三5理由三6引起的后果7解决方法OnStudentsChoosingLectures?Nowadays,thereisahotdebateaboutwhetherstudentsshouldbeallowedtohaveoptionalchoicesoftheirteachers.?Anumberoffactorscontributetostudentsdecisiononchoosingtea
31、chers.Ontheonehand,teacherspersonalitiesplayasignificantroleinthisissue,whichincludeagoodsenseofhumor,beingeasytocommunicatewithandopen-mined.Ontheotherhand,itislikelythatopinionsfromotherstudentshaveanimpactonthedecision.?Clearly,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesastotheviewofthismatter.Foronet
32、hing,studentsenjoymorefreedomthanbefore.Foranother,sometopteachersmightbeignorediftheyarenotabletomeetstudentstaste.Ingeneral,bothstudentsandteachersrightsshouldberespected.解决问题型真题?2005年6月?Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledSayNotoPiratedProducts.Youshouldwrit
33、eatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:?目前盗版的现象比拟严重?造成这种现象的原因及其危害?我们应该怎么做?Usefulwordsandexpressions:?盗版:piracy(n.)?盗版产品:piratedproducts?知识产权:intellectualpropertyright?侵犯版权:infringesbscopyright;copyrightinfringementSayNotoPiratedProducts?Thereisnodenyingthefactthatpiracyisagraveproblemwithwhic
34、hweareconfronted.Takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.Inmanyplacesweseepeoplepeddlingpiratedbooksordisks.?Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfortheproblem,butthefollowingmightbethemostcriticalones.First,piratedproductsaremuchcheaperthancopyrightedones,sotheyareveryattractivetopeople,especia
35、llyyoungsters,whoarenotfinanciallywell-off.Secondly,withhighlydevelopedtechnology,itisnotdifficulttomanufacturepiratedproducts.Withoneauthorizedcopy,theillegalproducerscanmakethousandsoffakeonesataverylowcost,thusmakinghugeprofits.?Asaresult,intellectualpropertyrightsareseverelyinfringedupon.Honestp
36、roducerswilllosethemotivationtodevelopnewproducts.Meanwhile,piratedproductsareoftenoflowquality,thusdamagingtheinterestofbuyers.?Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsbeformulatedandenforcedtobanthemanufactureandcirculationofpiratedproducts.Meanwhile,peopleshouldbeeducatedtosaynototheseproducts.Withthesemeasurestaken,wehavereasonstobelievethattheproblemcanbesolvedinthenearfuture.