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1、英语英标和读音规则语音 英语语音名词解释英语语音名词解释 音节音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（不能单独构成音节（m n lm n l例外）。从单词例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。语音 音节的划分音节的划分 在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：例如：let
2、-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-terlet-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter 在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长音例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-
3、tor far-therther短音短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-ersev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 语音 重读音节重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。用重读符号。语音 开音节开音节 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字
4、组的重读音节。例如：重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.cret. 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母母，再加一个不发音字母e e构成的重读音节。例构成的重读音节。例如：如：name these bike home ex-cuse.name these bike home ex-cuse. 闭音节闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y r w y 除外）且以辅除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：字组结
5、尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not bag egg fish not cupcup 语音 双音节词重读规则双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。重读音节。 例如：例如： stu-dent stu-dent Chi-na Chi-na sec-ond sec-ond au-tumn au-tumn in-in- deed deed 含有含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节
6、词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： a a bout bebout be fore exfore ex cuse recuse re pair for-pair for- get-ful in-get-ful in- ven-torven-tor 语音多音节词重读规则多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：例如： el-e-phant con-grat-u-el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tionla-tion词尾有词尾有-ic-ic或或-tion,-sion-tion
7、,-sion的词，在的词，在-ic-ic或或-sion,-tion-sion,-tion前的前的一个音节上重读。例如：一个音节上重读。例如：scienscien tific imtific im pression pression nationnation 不符合规则的词不符合规则的词 every every 从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上看只有两个元音，故这个词只有两个音节。中间看只有两个元音，故这个词只有两个音节。中间一个字母一个字母e e不发音，该词的音节划分方式为不发音，该词的音节划分方式为eve-eve-ryry。 elebrate(ce
8、l-e-brate) elebrate(cel-e-brate) 划分音节时不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去（划分音节时不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去（chil-chil-dren)dren)；br pr bl plbr pr bl pl等辅音连缀有时要当作字组来等辅音连缀有时要当作字组来对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（ward-ward-roomroom、Feb-ru-ar-y)Feb-ru-ar-y)。 字母、字组和字群字母、字组和字群 字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是构成英
9、文书写字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是构成英文书写的最小单位，英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的的最小单位，英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不存在对应关系。各个音素并不存在对应关系。 字组指的是一个或几个字母在起，发一个共同的字组指的是一个或几个字母在起，发一个共同的音素。字组是英语单词发音的基本单位，通常一音素。字组是英语单词发音的基本单位，通常一个字组对应该一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字个字组对应该一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两种。组两种。 字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。（如：音素。（如：-tion -sion -sten
10、-stle -ought)-tion -sion -sten -stle -ought)The Closing Diphthongs:The Closing Diphthongs:合口双元音/ / e eI I/ / a aI I / / I I/ / au / au / u u / /Centring Diphthongs:Centring Diphthongs:集中双元音 / /I I / /U / /e / /U / /e / / / e eI I / / is usually read in the following letters or letter groups :a ai ay
11、 eigh ey ea paid sail rainpaid sail rain saysay day play day play greygrey they hey they hey cake latecake late hate hate great break steakgreat break steak eight neightbour weighteight neightbour weightMay Day ;May Day ;the lady on the planethe lady on the planeLabor Day; Labor Day; April rainApril
12、 rain1. Call a spade a spade.1. Call a spade a spade. 2. No pains, no gains.2. No pains, no gains.3. Its a pay day today.3. Its a pay day today.4. He often makes faces to the baby.4. He often makes faces to the baby.5. The train was delayed by the rain5. The train was delayed by the rain。/ /a aI I/
13、/ / /a aI I/ is usually read in the following letters or letter / is usually read in the following letters or letter groups : i, y, ie, ighgroups : i, y, ie, igh eye whyeye why buy buy die sky tiedie sky tie find time kite find time kite high light brighthigh light brightPair WorkPair Work quite rig
14、htquite right a nice knife a nice knife a kind writera kind writer high in the sky high in the sky/ai/1. A cathas nine lives. 1. A cathas nine lives. 2. Great minds think alike.2. Great minds think alike.3. Strike while the iron is hot.3. Strike while the iron is hot.4. Out of sight, out of mind.4.
15、Out of sight, out of mind.5. Time and tide wait for no man.5. Time and tide wait for no man.6. The kite is flying high in the sky.6. The kite is flying high in the sky./ / I I/ / / / I I/ / is usually read in the following letters is usually read in the following letters or letter groups : oi, oyor
16、letter groups : oi, oyboy toyboy toy soy soy join coins noisejoin coins noisepoint annoyedpoint annoyedPair WorkPair Worktoilet papertoilet paperjoyful boysjoyful boysmake a choice make a choice The boy was annoyed because The boy was annoyed because his toy was destroyed.his toy was destroyed./ / u
17、 u / / / / u u / / is usually read in the following letters or letter groups :o ow oa go no stove home broke go no stove home broke show slow throwshow slow throw road boatroad boat an old overcoat; roses on the road; I hope so. All roads lead to Roma. Its so cold. Please close the window. Little st
18、rokes fell great oaks. A rolling stone gathers no moss./ au / au / au / / au / is usually read in the following letters or letter groups : bow now allow cow town plough found house mouth a loud sound ; thousands of flowers a brown house;/ /I I / / / /I I / / is usually read in the following letters
19、or letter groupsis usually read in the following letters or letter groups: : ear, ere, ea, eerear, ere, ea, eer h hearear n nearearf fearearququeereerb beereerchcheereerededththeaeatre idtre ideaeaPair workPair work a qua queereer id ideaeachcheereerful tful tearears sn nearear the th the theaeatret
20、reSentencesSentences We fWe fearear we cant h we cant hearear him him clclearearly as he has such a big ly as he has such a big b beareard.d. My dMy dearear brother will come home brother will come home n nearear the end of the y the end of the yearear. ./ /e e / / /e e / / is usually read in the fo
21、llowing letters or letter groups:is usually read in the following letters or letter groups: are, are, air, earair, ear wh whereere th thereere t tearear b bear ear p pearears s h hairair ch chairair f fairair sh shareared std stareare r ra arelyrely Pair workPair worka sca scareared hd hareareshshar
22、eare the p the pearearreprepairair the ch the chairaira ba bearear on the ch on the chairairSentencesSentences Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is a will, there is a way. He takes special cHe takes special careare of his h of his hairair. ./ /U U / / / U U / / is usually read in the
23、 following letters or is usually read in the following letters or letter groups :letter groups : ure, oor, ourure, oor, our d dururinging c cureured d c cururiousiousp pureure s sureurely lyE Eururopeope poor poorPair workPair work f fewer ewer and fand fewerewerp pooreroorer and p and pooreroorerth
24、e cthe cururious tious tourouristist SentencesSentences The doctor from EThe doctor from Eururope said that the ope said that the patient would spatient would sureurely be cly be cureured.d. Im sIm sureure thats p thats pureure gold. gold.PoemPoem On a mOn a mareare goes the may goes the mayoror, ,T
25、o the fTo the fairair at the squ at the squareare, ,PrepPrepareared to buy a little bd to buy a little bearear, ,That will sit on his fThat will sit on his fairair ch chairair. .（镇长骑着母马，来到集市广场上，备买头小熊，（镇长骑着母马，来到集市广场上，备买头小熊，让它坐在自己的安乐椅上。）让它坐在自己的安乐椅上。） Thank you!Thank you!元音 元音字母元音字母 读读 音音 例例 词词 a a 在开音
26、节中在开音节中 ei name plane Jane baby cake ei name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中在闭音节中 bag dad hat map black back bag dad hat map black back e e 在开音节中在开音节中 i: he these me Chinese i: he these me Chinese 在闭音节中在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk yes egg e bed let pen desk yes egg i i 在开音节中在开音节中 ai bike fly drive time nice
27、kite ai bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim fish big drink sit milk swim o o 在开音节中在开音节中 ou those close go hoe home no ou those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中在闭音节中 C clock not box shop sock C clock not box shop sock u u 在开音节中在开音节中 ju: student excuse duty Tuesday ju: student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中在闭音节中 bus cup jump much lunch bus cup jump much lunch