《高考英语二轮复习-第2部分-专题1-追本溯源-突破阅读理解.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语二轮复习-第2部分-专题1-追本溯源-突破阅读理解.doc（41页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题一 追本溯源 突破阅读理解得阅读者得高分阅读是语言文字学科最突出的特征之一，阅读理解是考查英语阅读能力的最基本方式。深入分析近几年的阅读理解题目可以发现有如下特点：一、文章选取：体裁多元化，题材丰富化体裁以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，以应用文为辅；选材多源于英文报刊、网络媒体等，以社会文化、科普知识、人物传记、时文报道、史地常识、生态环保为主，间有饮食健康、广告宣传、文学作品、逸闻趣事、情感人生等主题，贴近实际生活。二、语篇组织：结构复杂化，用词高级化阅读理解所选文章的语篇结构都较复杂，考生不易把握，且高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高，活用词比比皆是，凡是能用构词法推断出词义的单词都不视为生词
2、，纯超纲词汇也屡有出现，一词多义、熟词生义现象更为常见。三、试题设置：题型稳定化，考查复杂化高考阅读理解的题型一直比较稳定，分为五大题型：一是细节理解题，考查范围最广；二是主旨大意题，包括主要内容(main idea)概括和标题(title)归纳；三是推理判断题；四是词义猜测题，包括词义题、句意题和指代题；五是篇章结构题。第一节考点点拨话策略1带着问题，速读全文首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题；其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。【典例】
3、(2016高考全国乙卷阅读理解A)Jane Addams ( 18601935 )Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became
4、 the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.21What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何
5、一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，与A项相符。文中未提及her teaching skills(她的教学技能)，只是谈到了promoting education(促进教育)，故B项与文章不符；Jane Addams获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但她不是因努力去获奖而出名的，根本上还是因为她做的社会工作，而且她也并非为了获奖才付出努力，故C项错误；是她的社会工作，以及她鼓励的社区感让她出名；D项Her community background.(她的社区背景)与此不相符。2找准主题句，确定中心思想每篇文章均讲述一个主题，不
6、管它有几个段落，它们都围绕着一个中心思想。确定了中心思想，即抓住了关键。随后搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干、确定好答案。【典例】(2015高考全国卷阅读理解B)1Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can ma
7、ke your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.28What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs Your House Making You Fat?BWays of Serving DinnerCEffects of SelfConsciousnessDIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案及剖析：A通过首段最后一句可知整
8、篇文章属于总分结构，第一段就是文章的主题段。段落中的关键词Your house，pounds，diet对应了正确选项A中的your house，fat。3精准推理，深层理解深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(归纳中心思想、加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。【典例】(2015高考全国卷阅读理解D)2A cafe society where no inte
9、llectualizing is allowed? It couldnt seem more unFrench.But Lehannes psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: Its trying to help the citys troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom an
10、d a younger generations desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.33How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?AThey are less frequent
11、ly visited.BThey stay open for longer hours.CThey have bigger night crowds.DThey start to serve fast food.答案及剖析：A根据题干关键信息词French lifestyle changes可以定位到第二段。由Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generation
12、s desire to spend more time at home.可知，这些年来，巴黎人的咖啡馆已经沦为受害者，因为法国人的生活方式发生了改变，例如工作时间的加长、快餐的出现以及年轻人渴望在家里度过更多的时间。由此可以推断出人们来咖啡馆的次数减少了。故选项A正确。B、C两项所述恰恰是咖啡馆人气更旺的表现，与文章内容不符；D项是对a fastfood boom的误解。4猜词悟义，清除阅读障碍在做阅读理解题时，常常会遇到不认识的单词、看不懂的句子等。这时考生不要紧张，而应运用学过的语言知识，通过逻辑思维，去推断出此单词和整个句子的含义。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比
13、、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义、句意。【典例】(2016高考全国乙卷阅读理解C)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courierSince March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all，from the time the stem c
14、ells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.29Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?AproviderBdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的Ive
15、done 89 trips以及.from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours .可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故B项“送货员”与之相符合。其他三项的意思：provider供应者；collector收集者，收藏家；medical doctor医生。5重叠选项，定位答案通过题干返回原文，判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。注意要有
16、选一个答案的理由和不选其余三个的理由。正确答案的特征：(1)正确答案经常与中心思想有关。(2)正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。(3)正确答案经常运用的原则：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。(4)从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。例如：can，may，might，possible，not necessarily，some。(5)正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。【典例】(2015高考全国卷阅读理解D)Tour CWindsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fe
17、es to Hampton Court Palace34 until 11 March and 37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court，Henry s favourite palace.Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included)With 500 years of history，Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this forme
18、r royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.Visit the palace and its various historic gardens，which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!35Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?AIt used to be the home of royal families.BIt used to be a wellknown ma
19、ze.CIt is the oldest palace in Britain.DIt is a worldfamous castle.答案及剖析：A根据Tour C部分中的.Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now，this former royal palace.可知，这个地方曾经是四个国王和一个女王的宫殿，因此成为了主要的旅游景点。这与A项中的royal families(皇室)吻合，故选A。B项中的maze应该是在宫殿的花园中，与D项都不是成为主要旅游景点的原因；C项中的oldest的说法在文中没有信息
20、依据。A(2016河北衡水点睛联考)When you get a job interview，it is the chance that you impress the employer and prove you really are the right person for the job.The following key points may be the important steps you can take to ensure you make a good impression from the beginning：Be PreparedResearch the company
21、 thoroughly before the job interview.Read through the company website to gain a thorough understanding of what does its values，clients or audience and any technologies it uses.You should also Google the company and read any press releases.Note important issues or points you can discuss at the interv
22、iew.Take copies of the job description with you to the interview.Dont be afraid of showing off，you can bet the other candidates wont be holding back!Interview QuestionsAll this preparation work will go a long way to helping you for questions you might be asked during the interview.As well as prepari
23、ng for the standard questions，you also need to come up with relevant questions to ask the interviewer about the company and your role.You may want to ask something along the lines of “Whats it like to work here？”，“What are the career prospects I like？”TimekeepingPlan your route in advance and make a
24、 dry run to the interview location a few days beforehand to make sure youre clear on where youre going.Print out directions and maps from sites like Google Maps and make sure you should be there without any problems.After the InterviewIf youre unsuccessful，use it as an opportunity to improve.Ask for
25、 feedback from the interviewer.This will improve your future interview success chances; the interviewer might consider you for future vacancies at the company based on this action alone.1What should you do at a job interview?ARecognize who is the right employer.BHave a good impression of the employe
26、r.CFind a chance to show your talent off.DImpress the employer with good behavior.2Which question can you ask the interviewer?AWhat interests you when you work?BWhat is the information about your clients?CWhat is the promising future of the company?DWhat advice will you offer to the interviewees?3It
27、 can be inferred from the passage that Athe interviewer can help you through the back doorBa polite attitude can help you find a way outCit is impossible to get a job at the first interviewDit is important to keep cautious about an interview【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，属于社会知识类短文阅读。无论是求职还是面试，求职者一定要从心理上做好准备。作者就如何应对
28、面试提出了四条建议。1解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段末句“The following key points may be the important steps you can take to ensure you make a good impression from the beginning”：可知，在面试时，应该给老板一个好印象。故选D。2解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，面试者也可以向面试的考官问几个问题，“about the company and your role”则定位了这些问题是有关公司和你个人的。故选C。3解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，即使没有通过面
29、试，你打电话询问面试的考官时，他会对你有好的印象，将来很可能给你提供机会，因此礼貌的态度很重要。故选B。BFor years，I thought that my mother would become a Centenarian (百岁老人)，but after 98 years and eight months，she recently died of old age.As it was with my father，her funeral took place in the most peaceful setting of the countryside of rural Washingt
30、on County.Even after my father died，we continued to think of our parents as oneThey were a team in the traditional sense.Church and family were their lifelines.They worked hard，never complaining.They expected to earn their daily bread by the sweat of their brow.Once during a conversation with Tom Br
31、okaw，who wrote the bestselling book The Greatest Generation，I told him，“You left out my parents.” They didnt go off to war，but they belonged to the Greatest Generation.They，too，were part of the foundation that made America truly great.They kept the home fires burning.Our mother gloried in being a ho
32、usewife and mother.Having been a teacher in her early adult years，when education was more important than anything else，she gave up her job to raise a family.She was an excellent cook，but she had to cook on a wood stove.There was no refrigerator，nothing electric.But nobody was ever better at making d
33、o.In addition to all the household chores and responsibilities，she went to the fields every day to help produce a crop to pay the rent and to provide for the family.She and my dad worked hard to save every penny possible.They saved every penny to buy a farm late in life.They also saved enough money
34、to live out their respective lives with home care without taking up residency in a nursing home.They were fiercely independent.If you had suggested they accept a government transfer payment，they would have spit in your eye.4Which of the following is the best title for the passage?AMother played a gr
35、eat part in the familyBMother died at the age of 98 years oldCMother was buried by the side of fatherDMother survived father by many years5The underlined part “one” in the first paragraph means AparentBcentenarianChero Dentirety6What do we know about Tom Brokaw?AHe is one of the authors parents frie
36、nds.BHe likes talking with the authors parents.CHe takes up a position as a writer.DHe is good at managing a home.7How does the author find his parents?ABrave and hardworking.BModest and warmhearted.CEconomical and independent.DRespective and satisfied.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，属于人生百味类短文阅读。母亲像众多的家庭妇女一样，为了家人的健康
37、和生活无怨无悔地辛苦了一生，和父亲一起为了这个家奉献了一生。4解析：选A。主旨大意题。作者从母亲的离世谈起，谈到母亲为了家人，放弃了自己喜欢的工作，为了家人无怨无悔地奉献了一生。故选A。5解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Even after my father died，we continued to think of our parents as one.”可知，家人总是把父母看作是一个整体。故选D。6解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段Tom Brokaw写的书The Greatest Generation很畅销，可知他是一名作家。故选C。7解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，
38、在作者眼中他的父母节约每一分钱过生活，不喜欢接受他人的施舍。故选C。CGreat Yarmouth is an English seaside town situated at the mouth of the River Yare，about 120 miles to the northeast of London.Around 5 million people visit Great Yarmouth every year，making it one of Britains most popular seaside resorts.Formerly the home of one of t
39、he most profitable fishing industries，Great Yarmouth is a busy and very popular seaside resort.Undoubtedly，one of the most popular attractions is Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach，a historic freeentry pleasure park，which draws annually 1.5 million visitors.The two piers(突堤码头)，Britannia Pier and Wellingt
40、on Pier，both contain familyorientated entertainment.As well as the usual thrills one would expect on a classic British seafront，Great Yarmouth also has a quieter side，with a fascinating heritage quarter to explore. Not many people know that Great Yarmouth has the most complete city walls after York，
41、with heritage walks to help you discover this medieval (中世纪的)attraction along with several museums and houses dating back to many centuries.If ghost walks are more your cup of tea，Eerie Tales and Yarmouth Yarns is the tour for you.Great Yarmouth is also a centre for the North Sea oil and gas industr
42、y and increasingly for offshore wind power.The Great Yarmouth Outer Harbour is a huge development currently taking place which can see larger ships coming to the town.The Great Yarmouth Maritime (海上的) Festival in September each year celebrates Great Yarmouths maritime heritage.Over the past few year
43、s，Great Yarmouth has seen significant construction spending to improve and modernise the popular seafront area and to ensure it is linked to the town centre.Regent Road has a brilliant ceiling of light which is lit up in the evenings and is now a lovely street leading from the town centre to the sea
44、front area.8What can we infer about the tour of the heritage area?AIt must be thrilling.BIt is familyorientated.CThe visitors must love peace.DYou are advised to keep calm.9Which of the following is making rapid progress?AThe fishing industry.BThe oil and gas industry.CThe tourist industry.DThe wind
45、 power industry.10What can we know about Great Yarmouth from the last paragraph?AEfforts are made to make it more convenient.BMoney is spent handling the traffic jams.CThe housing conditions are greatly improved.DThe service quality is being considered.11Whats the best title for the passage?AThe ris
46、e of Great YarmouthBA fishing town into a modern cityCMain industries of Great YarmouthDA dreaming tourist placeGreat Yarmouth【解题导语】本文为说明文，介绍了英国海滨小镇大雅茅斯。大雅茅斯因位于耶尔河的出口而得名，它拥有英格兰地区第二完整的中世纪古城墙。每年9月举办大雅茅斯航海节。【长难句解读】Not many people know that Great Yarmouth has the most complete city walls after York，with
47、 heritage walks to help you discover this medieval(中世纪的)attraction along with several museums and houses dating back to many centuries.分析：本句是个复合句。that引导从句作know的宾语；with heritage walks to help you discover.作状语；现在分词短语dating back to many centuries作定语修饰several museums and houses。译文：没有多少人知道大雅茅斯拥有仅次于约克的最完整
48、的城墙，而穿越遗迹的徒步旅行可以帮助你探索这个中世纪的景点以及一些可追溯到好几个世纪之前的博物馆和房屋。8解析：选C。考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Great Yarmouth also has a quieter side，with a fascinating heritage quarter to explore”可知，大雅茅斯也有安静的一面，即遗迹区。由此可推知，去参观遗迹的游客应是喜欢平静的。易错点拨：此题易误选A项或B项。根据第二段的“the usual thrills one would expect on a classic British seafront”可知，滨海区的景色会给游客激动兴奋之感，但thrilling并非heritage area之旅的特点，故A项错误。第二段中虽然提到了“contain