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1、八年级(上) Units 910,中考基础知识梳理 类别课标考点要求词汇攻关1.prepare(名词)_preparation_2invite(名词)_invitation_3accept(反义词)_refuse_4with(反义词)_without_5surprise(形容词)令人惊奇的_surprising_(形容词)感到惊奇的_surprised_6.open(名词)_opening_(反义词)关闭_close_(反义词的形容词)关闭的_closed_7advice(动词)_advise_8normal(副词)_normally_9certain(副词)_certainly_10unde
2、rstand(名词)_understanding_短语归纳1.为做准备_prepare_for_2其他时间；别的时间_another_time_3闲逛；常去某处_hang_out_4前天_the_day_before_yesterday_5后天_the_day_after_tomorrow_6照料；照顾_look_after_7拒绝_turn_down_8.去旅行_take_a_trip_9盼望；期待_look_forward_to_10保守秘密_keepto_oneself_11分成两半_in_half_12去看医生_go_to_the_doctor_13患流感_have_the_flu_1
3、4以书面形式回复_reply_in_writing_to_句型再现1.“星期六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗？”“当然了，非常乐意。”_Can_you_come_to_ my party on Saturday afternoon?Sure，_Id_love_to_2真抱歉，我没有空。Im sorry.Im _not_available_3萨姆要一直待到下周三才走。Sam _isnt_leaving_until_ next Wednesday.4事先不通知斯蒂恩老师，把她带到聚会上来，以便让她感到惊喜。Bring Ms.Steen to the party without_telling_her_
4、so that she can be _surprised_5我盼望你们的答复。I _look_forward_to_hearing_from_ you all.6希望你能应约！Hope you can _make_it_！7.如果他们今天聚会，会发生什么事？_What_will_happen_ if they have the party today?8能请你给我一些建议吗？Can you _give_me_some_advice_ please?9如果我们不和别人说一说(自己的烦恼)，我们当然会感到更糟糕。_Unless_we_talk_to_someone_，well certainly
5、 feel worse.10他认为第一步就是找个信任的人去倾诉。He thinks the first step is _to_find_someone_you_trust_to_talk_to_11在英语中，我们说与人分担一个烦恼就像把麻烦分成两半。In English，we say that _sharing_a_problem_ is like _cutting_it_in_half_12因此，只要跟别人聊聊这个问题，你就已经解决了问题的一半！So youre _halfway_to_solving_ a problem just by talking to someone about
6、it！语法结构条件状语从句。话题1.Cooking(烹饪)2Invitations(邀请)3Making Plans(制定计划) ,河北五年中考真题演练词汇类1(2014河北84题)Jim _turned_on_(turn on) the TV and watched the football game.2(2014河北85题)Mr.Zhang owns a teahouse.It _serves_(serve) tea in special bowls.( B )3.(2016河北29题)Your _ is very helpful.I guess Ill take it.Asecret B
7、adviceCpromise Dpurpose( D )4.(2014河北30题)I want a sweet milk.Put some _ in my cup，please.Aice BsoupCsalt Dsugar,河北中考重难点突破 辨析turn on，turn off，turn down与turn up【满分点拨】turn on意为“(把水源、煤气、电源等)打开”，其反义词组为turn off。turn down意为“(把收音机的音量、灯等)关小、调低”，其反义词组为turn up。这些短语中on，off，up，down均为副词，后接代词时，应放在词组中间；后接名词时，放中间放后面
8、均可。如：She sat down and turned up the radio.她坐下来，把收音机开大。The radio is very loud.Can you turn it down a little？收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗？Turn up the radio.(Turn the radio up.)把收音机的声音调大一点。【归纳拓展】open/close“开/关”open指把关着的门、窗、箱、盒等打开，反义词为close。Its hot in the room.Open the window，please.屋里很热。请把窗子打开。Remember to close the
9、 door when you leave.离开时记着关上门。【图解助记】【考点抢测】( A )1.(2015石家庄40中模拟)He forgot to _ the radio and thus missed the program.Aturn onBturn downCturn offDturn up( D )2.(2016河北石家庄质检3)Kids，make sure you _ the lights while leaving the classroom to save energy.Aturn on Bturn toCturn down Dturn off( B )3.(2016路南区九
10、年级二模)Once a year，people take part in “_ Lights” activity to help save energy.AShow off BTurn offCTake off DPut off 辨析full与fill【满分点拨】full是形容词，意思是“满的”，与of组成be full of短语。如：The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。fill作动词，意思是“装满”，与with组成be filled with，表示“用把装满”。如：The basket is filled with apples by the old ma
11、n.那位老人给篮子装满了苹果。【考点抢测】4I am sorry.Your paper is _full_of_(充满) mistakes.5He _filled_his life _with_(用填满) busy work and endless sadness.6He remembered losing a schoolbag _full_of/filled_with_(装满) books.( B )7.(2015沧州13中模拟)I picked up a wallet _money on my way home.Afill with Bfull ofCfill of Dfull with
12、 until的用法【满分点拨】until用于肯定句，意思是“直到”，谓语动词应为持续性动词。用于否定句，和not构成“notuntil”结构，意思是“直到才”，谓语动词一般为终止性动词。如：She didnt go to bed until 12：00 last night.昨天晚上她直到12点才睡觉。They wont get up until 11 oclock next morning.他们直到第二天上午11点才起床。【图解助记】【温馨提示】当until引导时间状语从句时，从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；用一般过去时代替过去将来时。【考点抢测】( A )8.(2015石家庄28中模拟
13、)He didnt remember leaving the key at home _he got to the office.Auntil Bunless Cif Dthough( A )9.(2016河北三模)You have to be _ until I finish my work.Apatient BstrictChonest Dactive( C )10.(2016石家庄43中模拟)Excuse me.When can we play badminton at the court?Not until it _ next week.Arepairs Bwill repairCis
14、 repaired Dwill be repaired unless的用法【原句】Unless we talk to someone，well certain feel worse.如果我们不与别人交谈，我们一定会感觉更糟糕。【满分点拨】unless作连词，意为“除非；如果不”，用来引导条件状语从句。如：He will fail the exam unless he studies harder.除非他更加努力地学习，否则他考试将不及格。Dont leave the classroom unless I tell you to.我不告诉你离开，你就不要离开教室。【注意】unless通常可以用i
15、f not来替换。如：You will be late unless you go there by bus.You will be late if you dont go there by bus.如果你不乘公共汽车去那儿，你将迟到。【考点抢测】( C )11.(2015石家庄二模)Well visit the Summer Palace _ there is a heavy rain tomorrow.Aif BbecauseCunless Dafter( B )12.(2016石家庄质检一)Well go to the park _ it rains heavily.Aif Bunles
16、sCwhile Dwhen( A )13.(2016河北一模)They will lose the game _ they try all their best.Aunless BuntilCsince Donce invite的用法【满分点拨】invite为动词，意为“邀请；恳请”，常见搭配有：invite sb.to场合(如party，concert等)invite sb.to地点(如house，park等)invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事如：Jim invited me to his house.吉姆邀请我去他家。Ill invite Lily to have di
17、nner with me.我将邀请莉莉和我共进晚餐。【归纳拓展】派生词：invitation (n.)邀请Thanks for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。【考点抢测】( B )14.(2015石家庄栾城一模)Did you go to Catherines birthday party?No，I _Adidnt invite Bwasnt invitedCwont invite Dwont be invited( A )15.(2015荆州中考)He went to the party without _Abeing invited BinvitingCinvited Db
18、eing inviting keep的用法【满分点拨】(1)用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保持；保守”，后跟名词或动词ing形式。如：Could you keep these letters for me，please?你能替我保存这些信吗？Can you keep a secret?你能保守秘密吗？(2)用作及物动词，意为“使保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)”。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词ing形式和过去分词等充当。如：We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词)我们应保
19、持教室整洁干净。Youd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词)你最好让孩子离火远一点。The bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介词短语)坏天气使我们不能出门。Dont keep me waiting for long.(动词ing形式)别让我等太久。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(过去分词)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。(3)用作连系动词，构成系表结构：keep表语，意为“保持；继续(处于某种状态)”。其中表语可用形容词、
20、副词、介词短语等充当。如：You must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容词)你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。Keep off the grass.(副词)请勿践踏草坪。keep的常用句型句型含义例句keep doingsth.继续干某事(keep后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的v.ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。)Keep passing the ball to each other，and youll be OK.坚持互相传球，你们就行。keep ondoing sth.持续做某事The pupil kept on asking me th
21、e same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。keepfromdoing sth.阻止做某事The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去。【考点抢测】16Her mother asked her to _keep_the_windows_open_and_the_door_closed_(把窗户打开，门关上)17How long may I _keep_(保管) this book?For about two weeks.18Youd better _keep_ the child _away_from_(使远离) the fi
22、re.19The bad weather _kept_ us _from_getting_out_of_the_house_(使不能出门)20Dont _keep_them waiting for long.21The other students in the class _have_kept_up_with_(赶上) him.( A )22.(2015保定8中模拟)Please _these things for me while I am away.Akeep BrememberClook Dthink( B )23.(2016河北二模)_ healthy，we need to driv
23、e less and walk more.AKeep BTo keepCKept DKeeping advice n劝告；建议【满分点拨】advice的用法(1)advice“劝告；建议”，是不可数名词，无复数形式，也不能直接与不定冠词连用。(2)表达数量时要借助于piece，a piece of advice“一条建议”；two pieces of advice“两条建议”。【归纳拓展】ask sb.for advice向某人征求意见give sb.advice on sth.就某事向某人提建议take ones advice听取某人的建议【考点抢测】( A )24.(2015唐山12中模拟
24、)My teacher gave me much _ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.Aadvice BquestionCsuggestion Dproblem( D )25.(2016保定调研)What shall I do？I need some _Awishes BtruthCsecrets Dadvice( A )26.(2016河北三模)I have some problems with my physics.Can you give me some _？Aadvice BdecisionsCinformati
25、on Dmessages without的用法【原句】Bring Ms.Steen to the party without telling her在不告诉斯蒂恩女士的情况下带她来参加派对【满分点拨】without作介词，意为“没有；不用”。如：Can you work out this math problem without help？没人帮助，你能算出这道数学题吗？I can reach the top of the tree without a chair！不用椅子我可以到达树顶！【注意】有时without短语有条件从句的含义，可以与条件状语从句替换。如：Without air，we
26、could not live.If we have no air，we could not live.如果没有空气，我们就无法生存。【考点抢测】( A )27.(2015山西中考)The “teacherfree exam” means that students take their exams _ teachers.Students must be more honest.Awithout Bagainst Cthrough( A )28.(2016路北区一模)What would you like _ your afternoon tea?Just a cup of coffee _ s
27、ome sugar and milk.Afor；with Bof；withCof；without Dfor；without I dont know what to do about going to Mikes birthday party tomorrow night.我不知道明天晚上去麦克的生日聚会上该做些什么。【满分点拨】“疑问词不定式”是由疑问代词who，whom，what，which；疑问副词when，how，where等加不定式构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。【归纳拓展】(1)“疑问词不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时只需在疑问词后加一个适
28、当的主语，并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。(2)“疑问词不定式”结构经常放在tell，show，teach，learn，know，wonder，discuss，remember，forget，find out等动词(词组)之后作宾语。The young woman doesnt know what to do.这位年轻女士不知道做什么。【考点抢测】( C )29.(2016石家庄22中模拟)Zhang Ming is drawing some pictures to teach his parents _ WeChat.Awhat to use Bwhere to useChow to use
29、Dwho to use( C )30.(2016路南区质检一)I dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.Awhat to do Bto do whatCwhether to do Dto do whether( B )31.(2016石家庄桥西区中考模拟)Could you tell me _ get information from one computer?Input the website.Click it to the home page.Awhat to Bhow toCwhich to Dwhen to If we ask people
30、 to bring food，theyll just bring potato chips and chocolate because theyll be too lazy to cook.如果我们让大家带食物的话，他们将只会带薯条和巧克力，因为他们太懒不想做饭。【满分点拨】(1)“tooadj./adv.to do sth.”句型，意为“太而不能”。(2)“tooadj./adv.to do sth.”句型中，动词不定式常加不定式的逻辑主语for sb.。如：This English book is too difficult for me to read.这本英语书太难了，我读不懂。(3)
31、“tooadj./adv.to do sth.”句型，可与notenough to do句型转换；亦可与so/suchthat句型转换，此时that从句用否定结构。如：He is too young to do the work.He is not old enough to do the work.He is so young that he cannot do the work.【考点抢测】( B )32.(2015石家庄41中模拟)I havent seen my grandparents for long.Im too busy_ them these days.Why not cal
32、l them instead?Avisit Bto visitCvisiting Dvisits( C )33.(2015黔西南中考)Lucy isnt_old_enough_to carry box.Ais so young that she canBisnt young enough toCis too young toDis so young to Can/Could you的用法【原句】Can you come to my party？你能来参加我的聚会吗？【满分点拨】Can you？意为“你能吗？”表示客气地请求某人做某事，用could比can语气更委婉。其肯定回答：“Yes./Ye
33、s，I can./Sure，Id love to./Of course./Certainly./Yes，please.”等，其否定回答：“Sorry./Sorry，I cant.”等。如：Can you come to my home for dinner？你能来我家吃晚饭吗？Im sorry.I cant.很抱歉，我不能来。Could you go shopping with me？你能和我一起去购物吗？Sure，Id love to.当然可以，我很乐意。【考点抢测】( D )34.(2014河北中考模拟)Can you go to the Great Wall with us tomorr
34、ow?_AYes，I cantBIm afraid I canCSorry，I may notDIm sorry，I cant notuntil的用法【原句】Oh，but Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday.噢，但是萨姆会一直待到下周三才走。【满分点拨】在英语中，notuntil是一个常见句型，表示“直到才”，谓语动词一般是非延续性的，如go，come，finish，stop，leave等。如：I didnt go to bed until 12：00 last night.昨天晚上我直到12点钟才睡觉。【注意】在口语中，还可使用till代替until，
35、构成nottill结构。如：Dont leave todays work till tomorrow.不要把今天的事情留到明天去做。【考点抢测】( A )35.(2015河北滦平二模)He didnt give up saving himself _ the fireman came to save him.Auntil BbecauseCunless Dif,中考热点素材拓展Hangzhou G20 Summit(G20杭州峰会)World stage for tomorrows talent明日之星的世界级舞台The city of Hangzhou in Zhejiang provinc
36、e is always on the front page of newspaper，website during G20.As a major tourist 1.attraction(attract) in China，there are so many tourists take a trip here to enjoy many beautiful sights during travel seasons.The survey showed that 120 million Chinese and about 3.4 million 2.foreigners came to visit
37、 the city in the year of 2015.Hangzhou is not only beautiful，but also a center which is full of creativity(创造力) and entrepreneurship(企业家精神)Its the home to Internet giants such as the Alibaba Group and NetEase.That being said，the city has never 3.drawn(draw) so much attention as it did the past week.
38、The host of the G20 Leaders Summit welcomed heads of the worlds 20 major economies and international organizations.For two days，they discussed topics 4.including(include) strengthened policy coordination(政策协调)，building new paths for growth，effective economic and financial governance(金融治理)，as well as
39、 strong world trade and investment(投资)On the night of Sept.4，2016，the city also provided its guests and audience from around the world with a gala(晚会) directed by Zhang Yimou.The show，5.named (name)Symphony on West Lake(最忆是杭州)，is based on Zhang Yimous Impressions of West Lake(印象西湖)，an surprising per
40、formance that takes place right on the surface of the water，mixing up music，dance and light effects all together against the backdrop of nature.The wonderful shows may be enough to draw the worlds eyes toward Hangzhou，but for young people around the world，the G20 summit has more to offer.It is an gl
41、obal event which can attract them to exchange ideas of different cultures，can affect their career prospects and can even help to learn more about Chinese culture.And these reasons are what are drawing the notice of young people toward the G20 summit.,河北中考考点精练.单项选择。( B )1.(2016路北区九年级二模)Im leaving now
42、.Its so late.Better stay with me.Call a taxi if you _ Awill BmustCwould Dmay( D )2.(2015乌鲁木齐中考)Our teachers usually give us some _ on how to face the difficulties and challenges _ Aadvice；brave Badvices；brave Cadvices；bravely Dadvice；bravely( D )3.(2016绵阳中考)My mother is ill in hospital.I have to _ m
43、y grandparents at home.Alook for Blook atClook up Dlook after( A )4.(2016武汉中考)Why did she _ your invitation?Because she had an important meeting to attend that day.Aturn down Bput awayClook up Dhand in( B )5.(2016重庆中考)Its getting dark.Could you please _ the light for me?All right.Just a minute.Akeep
44、 on Bturn onCtry on Dput on( D )6.(2016临沂中考)Pick up your pen and draw your own invention.Maybe it will be _ a real product one day!Aturned on Bturned downCturned off Dturned into( B )7.(2016重庆中考)Our Chinese teacher didnt go to bed _ he finished his work last night.Aif BuntilCsince Dbecause( A )8.(2016黑龙江中考改编)The box is heavy.Could you please help me carry it?_ !AMy pleasure BYou are kiddingCGood idea DOK( A )9.(2015唐山友谊中学模拟)Jenny is not busy today，so she _